Growth of Tremella mesenterica haplonts with various nitrogen sources

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
N Source ◽  
Synthetic Media

Haplonts of the fungus Tremella mesenterica grew in synthetic media containing any of the following nitrogen sources (in order of decreasing growth rate): glutamine, aspartate, leucine, glutamate, alanine, ammonium sulfate, serine, soytone, casein hydrolysate, phenylalanine, and asparagine. Cultures with potassium nitrate, cysteine, glycine, histidine, lysine, or proline as sole N source did not grow. Thiamine was the only vitamin required. Asparagine slowed the growth of some strains and also caused the cells to become large and spherical.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Pathogenic Capability of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Root Rot of Faba Bean

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa H. Mostafa ◽  
Maha H. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Glucosamine Sulfate ◽  
Infection Cushions

The effect of different nitrogen sources (glucosamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and peptone) in comparison to sodium nitrate, the major nitrogen compound in basal agar Czapek’s synthetic medium growth were studied on the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity on faba bean germinated seeds. Ammonium sulfate exhibited faster liner growth and showed the same effect as the basal medium with sodium nitrate while glucosamine sulfate showed less growth rate compared with sodium nitrate. Glucosamine sulfate and ammonium sulfate showed a significant reduction in number of infection cushions which led to significant decrease of disease index in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, glucosamine sulfate or peptone as a sole nitrogen sources in food requirements of Rhizoctonia solani inoculum depressed the virulence of the fungus. The effect of different amounts of glucosamine sulfate was determined on fungal growth rate, infection cushions, disease index in vitro and polyphenol oxidase activity. Increasing amount of glucosamine sulfate showed significant reduction of growth rate in comparison to the basal medium with sodium nitrate. All seeds subjected to R. solani grown on different amount of glucosamine sulfate showed the lower number of infection cushions, disease index and polyphenol oxidase activity compared with sodium nitrate. Under greenhouse conditions, disease index showed a significantly decreased effect when glucosamine sulfate used as soil applications and showed better effect on shoot weight and root weight compared with control plants treated with sodium nitrate. Our study proposes that glucosamine sulfate may act as controlling factor of pathogenicity genes of R. solani

scholarly journals Ensayo exploratorio de métodos e interacciones de elementos en la aplicación de fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
O. A. Caceros ◽  
P. González ◽  
I Hidalgo ◽  
B. Moscoso ◽  
W. R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
N Source

Soil fertility studies have been conducted on the southern coastal plain of Guatemala for several years without showing significant response to phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer applications. In 1987, various exploratory trials were established to evaluate various methods of application for phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen. Nitrogen sources evaluated were ammonium sulfate and urea. Beef manure was also evaluated in combination with ammonium sulfate. Various other N (as urea), P, S combinations were Included in this trial using CaSO4 as the S source. Banding phosphorus and nitrogen together especially ammonium sulfate with triple superphosphateprovided excellent response across locations. Due to the pH reduction within the NP band, H2PO4 availability at lower pH is Increased as has been demonstrated by others. Ammonium sulfate was by far a better N source compared to urea when applied alone and as such an S response was considered probable in 2 or the five locations. Gypsum applications were evaluated both as a source of sulfur and as an alternative to improving P availability by applying this source with triple superphosphate in a joint band. It was expected that the reaction products from applying gypsum and P together increase the P availability since the precipitated products (hypothesized, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and dicalcium phosphate) would not be fixed and as such slowly available at low pH. Also If by combining triple superphosphate and gypsum in a joint hand, precipitation products DCIP and DCPD would reduce the amount of fertilizer P complexed with Fe and Al hydroxides and or allophane. Antagonistic Interactions were found between S and P which suggests that fertilizer P applications could induce S deficiencies (where S was not applied) since P may be replacing SO4 on the exchange complex of soils thought to have high anion exchange capacities and/or significant amounts of adsorbed SO4.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker)

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Campbell ◽  
Charles E. Chevalier ◽  
Amandine Touron ◽  
Monika Walter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
N Source ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Germination And Growth

Nitrogen fertilisers are widely used in apple orchards. However, the effects of various nitrogen sources on growth and sporulation of the fungus Neonectria ditissima, which causes European canker, are not fully understood. The effects of various nitrogen sources commonly used in apple orchards (potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, Nitrophoska® and urea) on percent germination and germtube growth of N. ditissima conidia were tested in vitro. Nitrogen concentrations below 0.2 mol/L did not significantly affect percent conidial germination; however, concentrations above 0.2 mol/L significantly decreased germination. Germtube growth was also affected, generally decreasing with increased N. Percent germination was influenced by the N source, but germtube growth was not. Very low concentrations of urea were indicated to stimulate germtube growth. Higher concentrations, showed toxic effects on both germination and germtube growth. The presence of exogenous N from various sources did not affect initial germination and growth in the N. ditissima infection process of apple tissues.

Malic enzyme of Fusarium oxysporum

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Zink ◽  
J. S. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
A Value ◽  
Substrate Activation

The levels of the NADP-specific malic enzyme in Fusarium oxysporum are controlled by both the carbon and nitrogen sources in which the cells are grown. The enzyme is not induced by malate; maximum activity is obtained when the mycelium is grown on sucrose or ethanol. With ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source, one enzyme-activity peak is obtained by 40 h, while in the presence of potassium nitrate this peak is repressed, with a peak appearing at a later stage of growth. In ammonium nitrate, two enzyme-activity peaks are present, one corresponding to the peak present in ammonium sulfate and the other to the peak present in potassium nitrate grown cells.When the initial velocities are plotted against increasing malate concentration non-Michaelis–Menton kinetics are obtained. The double-reciprocal plots are biphasic and Rs values of 161 are obtained. Hill plots prepared from initial velocity data show that at low malate concentration, the slope of the line is 0.87, and it decreases to 0.45 at 1.32 × 10−3 M malate. With increasing malate concentration the slope increased to a value of 1.0. It appears that this type of kinetic behavior is typical of a system in which there is negative cooperativity with respect to ligand binding with concurrent progressive substrate activation.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen sources on the enzymatic activity and grown by Lentinula edodes in biomass Eucalyptus benthamii

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Pedri ◽  
L. M. S. Lozano ◽  
K. L. Hermann ◽  
C. V. Helm ◽  
R. M. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Resource ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Environmental Component

Abstract Lignocellulose is the most abundant environmental component and a renewable organic resource in soil. There are some filamentous fungi which developed the ability to break down and use cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as an energy source. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of three nitrogen resources (ammonium sulfate, saltpetre, soybean) in the holocellulolitic activity of Lentinula edodes EF 50 using as substrate sawdust E. benthamii. An experimental design mixture was applied with repetition in the central point consisting of seven treatments (T) of equal concentrations of nitrogen in ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate and soybean. The enzymatic activity of avicelase, carboxymetilcellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanases and manganese peroxidase was determined. The humidity, pH, water activity (aw) and qualitative analysis of mycelial growth in 8 times of cultivation were evaluated. The results showed negative effect on enzyme production in treatments with maximum concentration of ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate. The treatments with cooked soybean flour expressed higher enzymatic activities in times of 3, 6 and 9 days of culture, except in the activity of manganese peroxidase. The highest production was observed in the treatment with ammonium sulfate, and soybean (83.86 UI.L–1) at 20 days of cultivation.

Effects of Six Sources of Nitrogen on Yields, Soil Acidity, and Leaf Composition of Coffee

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Different Sources

The effects of heavy applications of nitrogen from six different sources on yields and leaf composition of intensively managed coffee, and on acidity of a Los Guineos clay, were determined under typical conditions in the Coffee Region of Puerto Rico. Lowest yields were obtained when nitrogen was applied as sodium nitrate, while applications of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate-lime, and urea resulted in the production of similar high yields of coffee. Coffee leaves from plots on which the different sources of nitrogen were used were similar in nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus contents. However, leaves from the sodium nitrate plots were highest in sodium content and those from the ammonium sulfate plots were highest in manganese content. Soil pH was lowest in the ammonium sulfate, urea, and ammonium nitrate plots, and highest in the sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate-lime plots. Soil from the sodium nitrate plots was highest in exchangeable sodium. It is evident that sodium nitrate should not be used as a source of nitrogen for coffee. The desirability of using nitrogen sources other than ammonium sulfate on soils with a high content of manganese where this element can cause severe toxicity of coffee is also discussed.

scholarly journals Factorial Design to Optimize Biosurfactant Production byYarrowia lipolytica

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizele Cardoso Fontes ◽  
Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral ◽  
Marcio Nele ◽  
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Full Factorial

In order to improve biosurfactant production byYarrowia lipolyticaIMUFRJ 50682, a factorial design was carried out. A24full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, and peptone) on maximum variation of surface tension (ΔST) and emulsification index (EI). The best results (67.7% of EI and 20.9 mNm−1ofΔST) were obtained in a medium composed of 10 g 1−1of ammonium sulfate and 0.5 g 1−1of yeast extract. Then, the effects of carbon sources (glycerol, hexadecane, olive oil, and glucose) were evaluated. The most favorable medium for biosurfactant production was composed of both glucose (4% w/v) and glycerol (2% w/v), which provided an EI of 81.3% and aΔST of 19.5 mN m−1. The experimental design optimization enhancedΔEI by 110.7% andΔST by 108.1% in relation to the standard process.

scholarly journals Optimum conditions for Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Jasim ◽  
Hameed M. Jasim ◽  
Isra'a M. Dhahi
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Initial Medium

Different nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11 in a batch culture of brain-heart infusion broth medium. These factors include carbon source and its concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, phosphate source, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with olive oil and casein hydrolysate as a carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in a concentration of 1.5% for broth, KH2PO4 as a phosphate source at initial medium pH8, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these optimal conditions, prodigiosin activity produced by Serratia marcescens S11 in culture medium was increased from 200 U/cell before optimization to 3000 U/cell.

EFFECTS OF pH AND NITROGEN SOURCES ON GROWTH OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA KÜTZ.

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack McLachlan ◽  
P. R. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Range

Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. (strain NRC-1) grew equally well throughout the pH range 6.5 to 10 when provided with suitable media. Toxicity of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) towards the alga was found to decrease as the pH decreased and could be correlated with the degree of ionization of the TRIS molecule. Other organic buffers examined were either toxic at all concentrations and pH values tested or promoted lysis. When TRIS was used as a buffer, higher concentrations of cesium chloride and potassium nitrate were tolerated without growth inhibition at pH 6.5 than at 7.5. In the presence of TRIS, Microcystis grew equally well with nitrate, ammonium, or urea as nitrogen sources. Eight out of 20 amino compounds examined served as nitrogen sources in TRIS-buffered medium, but growth was poorer than with nitrate nitrogen.

Regulation of the start of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Carlson ◽  
B. Grallert ◽  
T. Stokke ◽  
E. Boye
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
S Phase ◽  
G1 Phase

Cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were grown in minimal medium with different nitrogen sources under steady-state conditions, with doubling times ranging from 2.5 to 14 hours. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy confirmed earlier findings that at rapid growth rates, the G1 phase was short and cell separation occurred at the end of S phase. For some nitrogen sources, the growth rate was greatly decreased, the G1 phase occupied 30–50% of the cell cycle, and cell separation occurred in early G1. In contrast, other nitrogen sources supported low growth rates without any significant increase in G1 duration. The method described allows manipulation of the length of G1 and the relative cell cycle position of S phase in wild-type cells. Cell mass was measured by flow cytometry as scattered light and as protein-associated fluorescence. The extensions of G1 were not related to cell mass at entry into S phase. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the cells must reach a certain fixed, critical mass before entry into S. We suggest that cell mass at the G1/S transition point is variable and determined by a set of molecular parameters. In the present experiments, these parameters were influenced by the different nitrogen sources in a way that was independent of the actual growth rate.

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