The effects of date of emergence and emergence order on seedling survival rates in Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius

Populations of the colonizing weeds Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. were initiated from seed following disturbance on three occasions between May and September 1976. Three distinct cohorts were followed within each population. Cohorts which had the same order of emergence within a population but different dates of emergence had similar mortality rates. On the other hand, when cohorts of different emergence order and similar emergence dates were compared, those cohorts which emerged first had the lower mortality rates. For both species, the population arising latest in the season had the lowest percentage emergence but the greatest percentage survival of emerged plants to the time of flowering. These populations also had the best reproductive performance. The latest emerging population of R. crispus was the only one to produce as many seeds as had originally been sown, despite the fact that less than 10% of the emerged seedlings survived the winter and less than 1% of the seed pool gave rise to flowering plants. These results suggest that the timing of land management practices such as cultivation can have a profound effect on the success of weed populations.

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Prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal Goats under different management systems in Bangladesh

University Journal of Zoology Rajshahi University ◽

10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10702 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 01-04 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M A Kashem ◽

M A Hossain ◽

SS U Ahmed ◽

M A Halim

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Other ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Management Systems ◽

Poor Households ◽

Intensive Rearing ◽

Mortality Percentage ◽

Intensive System

A study was carried out in Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal to identify the prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal goats (BBGs) under semi-intensive system reared by moderate and ultra poor households in Bangladesh during the period from February 2008 to July 2009. A total of 168 female goats and 9 bucks were recorded from two types of households of which 125 goats were infected (74.70%) by a number of diseases and lead to mortality (17.26%). Survival rates and mortality percentage of kids were 80.60 and 19.40, respectively but the highest mortality was in Habiganj (21.18%). Seasons had special influences on mortality of adult goats (35.81%) and kids (64.19%) where the highest mortality rates were 22.22% and 25.93%, respectively in rainy season. PPR had the highest mortality rates (37.93% in adults and 25.00% in kids) followed by pneumonia (24.14% and 21.15%, respectively). Predator invasion was the other remarkable cause for increased kids mortality (23.08%). The study suggests that hygienic management practices, adequate supply of nutrients, and vaccination and deworming programmes in semi-intensive rearing system of BBGs at rural level will improve the survival rates of adult goats and kids.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10702Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 01-04

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Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/32.1.44 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 44-45

Author(s):

Brian P. Oswald ◽

Kenneth W. Farrish ◽

Micah-John Beierle

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

East Texas ◽

Forage Production ◽

Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

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INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SOME REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SWINE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas72-004 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. H. FAHMY ◽

C. S. BERNARD

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

The Other ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Percentage Survival ◽

Weaning Pig ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Size At Birth

The associations between 15 preweaning traits in pigs were studied to determine which had the most important effects on litter weights at birth and weaning. The traits were litter size at birth and weaning, number born alive, percentage survival to birth and weaning, pig and litter weights at birth and weaning, daily gain from birth to weaning, gestation length, number of teats, weights of dam at farrowing and at weaning, and the change in dam weight during lactation. Of the 105 correlations, 66 were statistically significant, though many were markedly low. Litter weights at birth and weaning were significantly and relatively highly correlated with most of the other traits, whereas number of teats was correlated only with survival rates at birth and weaning and pig birth weight. The results showed that the importance of litter size was almost twice that of pig weight in determining litter weights at birth and weaning. The results in general indicated that most of the economically important traits related to swine reproductivity are favorably associated.

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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Young Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/5516928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽

Alfred Arthur ◽

Godfred K. Awudzi ◽

Amos K. Quaye ◽

Sampson Konlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soil P ◽

Percentage Survival

Sustainable cacao cultivation in Ghana has been seriously hampered by high seedling mortality due to the low soil fertility of lands used for the establishment of new cacao farms. Alleviating the low soil fertility to enhance sustainable cacao cultivation requires the use of fertilizers. A study was therefore conducted at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana to determine the effect of integrated application of poultry manure (PM) and sulphate of ammonia (SOA) fertilizers on survival, growth, and nutrient uptake by cacao seedlings under marginal field conditions. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate the effects of six treatments. Traits assessed were percentage survival, height, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), and nutrient uptake. Results from the study showed no significant differences in soil N and K among the treatments. PM-amended plots had significantly higher soil P than nonamended control and SOA alone. Seedling survival rate ranged from 73.3 to 89.3% with a higher proportion of surviving plants in PM amended soils. The application of PM alone and its combination with SOA improved growth. Cacao trees of T4 (75% recommended dosage of SOA + PM) had the largest TCSA increment, which was significantly different from the other soil treatments. Leaf nutrient concentrations in cacao of T4 were higher than the other soil treatments. It was therefore concluded that T4 could be used during cacao establishment in marginal areas for improved plant survival and growth.

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Restoring Timbisha Shoshone Land Management Practices in Death Valley National Park

Ecological Restoration ◽

10.3368/er.21.4.302 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 302-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. S. Fowler ◽

P. Esteves ◽

G. Goad ◽

B. Helmer ◽

K. Watterson

Keyword(s):

Land Management ◽

National Park ◽

Management Practices ◽

Death Valley ◽

Death Valley National Park

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Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation

GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY ◽

10.24057/2071-9388-2019-102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 133-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexander Gradel ◽

Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽

Daniel Karthe ◽

Hoduck Kang

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Land Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Forest Health ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Special Focus ◽

Driven System ◽

The Status

The natural conditions, climate change and socio-economic challenges related to the transformation from a socialistic society towards a market-driven system make the implementation of sustainable land management practices in Mongolia especially complicated. Forests play an important role in land management. In addition to providing resources and ecosystem functions, Mongolian forests protect against land degradation.We conducted a literature review of the status of forest management in Mongolia and lessons learned, with special consideration to halting deforestation and degradation. We grouped our review into seven challenges relevant to developing regionally adapted forest management systems that both safeguard forest health and consider socio-economic needs. In our review, we found that current forest management in Mongolia is not always sustainable, and that some practices lack scientific grounding. An overwhelming number of sources noticed a decrease in forest area and quality during the last decades, although afforestation initiatives are reported to have increased. We found that they have had, with few exceptions, only limited success. During our review, however, we found a number of case studies that presented or proposed promising approaches to (re-)establishing and managing forests. These studies are further supported by a body of literature that examines how forest administration, and local participation can be modified to better support sustainable forestry. Based on our review, we conclude that it is necessary to integrate capacity development and forest research into holistic initiatives. A special focus should be given to the linkages between vegetation cover and the hydrological regime.

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Unequal Seedling Survival Rates in Mixed Plantings of Sorghum Hybrids and Inbreds 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1965.0011183x000500020036x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 194-194

Author(s):

D. Jowett

Keyword(s):

Seedling Survival ◽

Survival Rates

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Applying the Soil Water Assessment Tool to 5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrjc.2014.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 372-385

Author(s):

Shawn Burdett ◽

Michael Hulley ◽

Andy Smith

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Soil Water ◽

Land Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Quality Model ◽

Sediment Yields ◽

Soil Water Assessment Tool ◽

Water Assessment

A hydrologic and water quality model is sought to establish an approach to land management decisions for a Canadian Army training base. Training areas are subjected to high levels of persistent activity creating unique land cover and land-use disturbances. Deforestation, complex road networks, off-road manoeuvres, and vehicle stream crossings are among major anthropogenic activities observed to affect these landscapes. Expanding, preserving and improving the quality of these areas to host training activities for future generations is critical to maintain operational effectiveness. Inclusive to this objective is minimizing resultant environmental degradation, principally in the form of hydrologic fluctuations, excess erosion, and sedimentation of aquatic environments. Application of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was assessed for its ability to simulate hydrologic and water quality conditions observed in military landscapes at 5th Canadian Division Support Base (5 CDSB) Gagetown, New Brunswick. Despite some limitations, this model adequately simulated three partial years of daily watershed outflow (NSE = 0.47–0.79, R2 = 0.50–0.88) and adequately predicted suspended sediment yields during the observation periods (%d = 6–47%) for one highly disturbed sub-watershed in Gagetown. Further development of this model may help guide decisions to develop or decommission training areas, guide land management practices and prioritize select landscape mitigation efforts.

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Sex-Specific Long-Term Trends in Length of Hospital Stay, Postmenstrual Age at Discharge, and Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000515899 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Matthias Fröhlich ◽

Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté ◽

Christoph Bührer ◽

Stephanie Roll

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Postmenstrual Age ◽

Over Time

Introduction: In very low birth weight (<1,500 g, VLBW) infants, morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the past decades, and both are known to be lower in girls than in boys. In this study, we assessed sex-specific changes over time in length of hospital stay (LOHS) and postmenstrual age at discharge (PAD), in addition to survival in VLBW infants. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis based on quality assurance data of VLBW infants born from 1978 to 2018. Estimation of sex-specific LOHS over time was based on infants discharged home from neonatal care or deceased. Estimation of sex-specific PAD over time was based on infants discharged home exclusively. Analysis of in-hospital survival was performed for all VLBW infants. Results: In 4,336 of 4,499 VLBW infants admitted from 1978 to 2018 with complete data (96.4%), survival rates improved between 1978–1982 and 1993–1997 (70.8 vs. 88.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.30) and remained stable thereafter. Boys had consistently higher mortality rates than girls (15 vs. 12%, HR 1.23 [1.05, 1.45]). Nonsurviving boys died later compared to nonsurviving girls (adjusted mean survival time 23.0 [18.0, 27.9] vs. 20.7 [15.0, 26.3] days). LOHS and PAD assessed in 3,166 survivors displayed a continuous decrease over time (1978–1982 vs. 2013–2018: LOHS days 82.9 [79.3, 86.5] vs. 60.3 [58.4, 62.1] days); PAD 40.4 (39.9, 40.9) vs. 37.4 [37.1, 37.6] weeks). Girls had shorter LOHS than boys (69.4 [68.0, 70.8] vs. 73.0 [71.6, 74.4] days) and were discharged with lower PAD (38.6 [38.4, 38.8] vs. 39.2 [39.0, 39.4] weeks). Discussion/Conclusions: LOHS and PAD decreased over the last 40 years, while survival rates improved. Male sex was associated with longer LOHS, higher PAD, and higher mortality rates.

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