scholarly journals Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Young Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽  
Alfred Arthur ◽  
Godfred K. Awudzi ◽  
Amos K. Quaye ◽  
Sampson Konlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Percentage Survival

Sustainable cacao cultivation in Ghana has been seriously hampered by high seedling mortality due to the low soil fertility of lands used for the establishment of new cacao farms. Alleviating the low soil fertility to enhance sustainable cacao cultivation requires the use of fertilizers. A study was therefore conducted at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana to determine the effect of integrated application of poultry manure (PM) and sulphate of ammonia (SOA) fertilizers on survival, growth, and nutrient uptake by cacao seedlings under marginal field conditions. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate the effects of six treatments. Traits assessed were percentage survival, height, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), and nutrient uptake. Results from the study showed no significant differences in soil N and K among the treatments. PM-amended plots had significantly higher soil P than nonamended control and SOA alone. Seedling survival rate ranged from 73.3 to 89.3% with a higher proportion of surviving plants in PM amended soils. The application of PM alone and its combination with SOA improved growth. Cacao trees of T4 (75% recommended dosage of SOA + PM) had the largest TCSA increment, which was significantly different from the other soil treatments. Leaf nutrient concentrations in cacao of T4 were higher than the other soil treatments. It was therefore concluded that T4 could be used during cacao establishment in marginal areas for improved plant survival and growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Farmyard Manure, Lime and Inorganic Fertilizer Applications on Soil pH, Nutrients Uptake, Growth and Nodulation of Soybean in Acid Soils of Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary M. O. Otieno ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Shamie Zingore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Western Kenya

Soybean is an important crop with nutrition, economic and soil fertility improvement benefits to farmers. However, its production in western Kenya is partly constrained by low soil pH and soil fertility levels. A greenhouse pot study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure and lime application on soil pH, nutrient uptake, growth and nodulation of soybean grown in acidic soils from western Kenya. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments: control; NPK; manure; lime; manure+lime; NPK+manure; NPK+lime and manure+lime+NPK. Significant effects of inorganic fertilizers, manure and lime applications were observed on all the variables. Manure, lime and manure+lime treatments increased soil pH by 1.33, 2.19 and 2.28, respectively, above the control treatment. The shoot N was lower under control (1.71-1.81%), NPK (1.85-1.98%) and manure (2.00-2.11%) than under all other treatments. Treatments NPK+lime and manure+lime+NPK recorded higher uptake of P and K nutrients than all other treatments. The control and NPK treatments recorded shorter plants and low leaf area and above-ground biomass compared to other treatments. The NPK+lime and manure+lime+NPK treatments recorded higher plant height and aboveground biomass than other treatments. Lime+manure treatment recorded highest nodule numbers and dry weights per plant. Positive relationships were observed between pH and N, P and K nutrient uptake (R2 ranged between 0.30 and 0.77) and between biomass and N, P and K nutrient uptake (R2 ranged between 0.68 and 0.99). From this study, use of manure and lime could result in improved soil pH for better uptake of nutrients, nodule formation and productivity of soybean in Western Kenya.

Comparative effects of Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees on soil characteristics in Zambezi riverine woodlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Acacia Albida

ABSTRACTSoil nutrient concentrations under Acacia albida and Kigelia africana trees growing in Zambezi riverine woodlands were compared with soils in the open, beyond tree canopies. Concentrations of N, C, P and K were higher under tree canopies. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were unchanged. Soils were slightly more acid under A. albida trees relative to open soil, but were less acid under K. africana. Soil P concentration was higher under K. africana than under A. albida. Otherwise, the two species had similar effects on soil fertility. Despite previous claims, A. albida is probably no more efficient at increasing soil fertility than other savanna trees.

Chemical Soil Attributes, Accumulation of Foliar Macronutrients and Productivity of the 'Vitória' Pineapple Plant Fertilized with Urea and Chicken Manure

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Pereira Leonardo ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias ◽  
Joana Gomes de Moura ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Central Composite

The pineapple plant cultivar 'Vitória' is resistant to Fusarium and it presents similar characteristics to the cultivars 'Pérola' and 'Smoot Cayene'. However, the expansion of this new cultivar depends on the development of research on several aspects, among them, fertilization. In this context, the experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating soil fertility, foliar macronutrient contents and productivity in 'Vitória' pineapple plant in function of nitrogen fertilization with urea and chicken manure. The experiment was conducted under randomized block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of five doses of N, in two sources of organic fertilization (chicken manure ) and mineral (urea), totaling nine combinations generated through the Central Composite Matrix of Box: T1 , 44 and 2.91; T 2 , 152 and 0; T 3 , 0 and 10; T 4, 44 and 17.1; T 5 , 260 and 2.91; T6 , 152 and 10; T7 , 152 and 20; T8 , 304 and 10; and T9, 260 and 17.1 g plant-1. At 6 months after planting the chicken manure decreased H + A1, Mg and CEC levels, and at 23 months after planting increased soil P, SB e CEC levels.  In the two seasons, Urea has reduced pH and it reduced Mg, SB and CEC contents at six months after planting. Doses of urea between 10 and 12 g plant-1 are recommended in order to maximize the productivity of the pineapple plant.

scholarly journals Effect of Doses of Green Manure from Different Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize in Dryland

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Idham Idham ◽  
Salapu Pagiu ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
Burhanuddin Haji Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Dryland has low soil fertility. Efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility are fertilizer technologies such as green manure compost. The aim of this study was to determine the type and dose of green manure to increase the growth, production and nutrient uptake of maize in the dryland. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi from June to December 2018. The research used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of green manure consisting of three levels, namely mungbean green manure (K1), peanut green manure (K2) and Centrosema pubescens green manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of green manure which consists of three levels, namely 5 t. ha-1 (D1), 7.5 t. ha-1 (D2) and 10 t. ha-1 (D3). Thus, there are 9 treatment combinations, each treatment consisting of 3 replications so that there are 27 experimental units. Data were analyzed statistically using the F test and if significantly different it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) Fisher’s test, P-value 0.05. These results showed that the types and dose of green manure increase the growth and yield of maize, namely leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, the weight of 100 dry shelled seeds, and production per hectare of the dry weight of corn shelled. The highest nutrient uptake and maize production were obtained in the application of C. pubescens green manure at a dose of 10 t. ha-1, namely nitrogen uptake of 7.68%, phosphorus of 0.39%, potassium of 0.09% and yield of 6.44 t. ha-1.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Methods Affect Performance of High-density Peach Orchards

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
David M. Hunter ◽  
Robert A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Seven treatment combinations of irrigation and fertilizer were compared in a high-density (606 trees/ha) management system for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Harrow Beauty/Bailey] on Fox sand in southwestern Ontario. Each treatment combination had an irrigation component (N = nonirrigated, D = drip irrigated, or M = microsprinkler irrigated) and a fertilizer placement component (B = banded fertilizer, L = low fertigation, or H = high fertigation). NB and DB are commonly used systems in Ontario, while the other five treatment combinations were experimental. Total soil water in the top 110 cm of soil was lowest under NB but was never at the permanent wilting point. Trunk cross-sectional area was largest under DH and DB, smallest under ML and NB, and intermediate for the other three treatment combinations. No symptoms of N or K deficiency or toxicity were noted for any of the fertilizer treatments. Leaf analyses in July and September indicated that most major and minor elements were in the adequate to slightly excess range. However, there were no significant treatment effects on leaf nutrient concentrations in July or September when averaged over the five years, except for Mg in July. There were large and significant year effects on leaf nutrient concentrations but no significant treatment × year interactions. During the first four cropping years, there were no significant treatment effects, averaged over years, for total yield, marketable yield, or cumulative yield efficiency; however, there were large year effects but no treatment × year interactions for these factors. There was no detectable yield advantage for D vs. M irrigation. B application of N and K promoted no higher yields than fertigation equivalent to the B rate or 50% of this rate. Fertigation of N and K during the first 4 years of this experiment did not provide a detectable yield advantage to warrant the added cost and labor associated with this system compared with the B applications of N and K.

Changes in botanical composition on three farmlets subjected to different pasture and grazing management strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Shakhane ◽  
J. M. Scott ◽  
R. Murison ◽  
C. Mulcahy ◽  
G. N. Hinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Soil P

As part of the Cicerone Project’s farmlet experiment, conducted on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, between July 2000 and December 2006, this study assessed the effects of varying soil fertility, pasture species and grazing management on the botanical composition of three 53-ha farmlets subjected to different management strategies. Starting with the same initial conditions, the farmlets were managed to reach different target levels of soil phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S); Farmlet A aimed at 60 mg/kg of Colwell P and 10 mg/kg S (KCl40) whereas Farmlets B and C both aimed at 20 and 6.5 mg/kg of P and S, respectively. Pastures were renovated on six out of eight paddocks on Farmlet A, but only one paddock of each of Farmlets B (typical management) and C (intensive rotational grazing) was renovated. Flexible rotational grazing was employed on Farmlets A and B (each of eight paddocks) while Farmlet C used intensive rotational grazing over its 17 major paddocks, which were further subdivided into 37 subpaddocks. This paper focuses on the botanical composition dynamics observed across all three farmlets and the explanatory variables associated with those changes. Eight assessments of botanical composition were carried out at approximately annual intervals across each of the 37 major paddocks distributed across the farmlets and the results for each of 49 species were aggregated into seven functional groups for analysis. The strongest correlation found was a negative curvilinear relationship between sown perennial grasses (SPG) and warm-season grasses (WSG). The most significant factors affecting the functional group changes were soil P, sowing phase, paddock and date. These factors led to significant increases in SPG and correspondingly lower levels of WSG on Farmlet A compared with Farmlet B. Farmlets B and C experienced similar, declining levels of SPG, and increasing levels of WSG suggesting that intensive rotational grazing did not lead to substantial changes in botanical composition, compared with flexible rotational grazing, in spite of the fact that intensive rotational grazing had much longer grazing rests and shorter graze periods than the other two farmlets. Soil P levels were also significantly associated with levels of cool-season annual grasses, legumes and herbs, especially on Farmlet A. In general, the largest differences in botanical composition were between Farmlet A and the other two farmlets; these differences were most closely associated with those plants categorised as sown, introduced, C3 pasture species. The levels of legume were generally low on all farmlets, due largely to the dry seasons experienced over most of the trial. Efforts to increase the legume composition on all farmlets were more successful on Farmlet A than on the other two farmlets due, presumably, to higher soil fertility on Farmlet A. Farmlet C, with its long rest periods and short graze periods, had a small proportion of legumes, due to the competitive effects of the accumulated tall grass herbage between grazings. The ‘typical’ management of Farmlet B also resulted in low levels of legume as well as increased ‘patchiness’ of the pastures and increased numbers of thistles.

The effects of date of emergence and emergence order on seedling survival rates in Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Paul B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Percentage Survival

Populations of the colonizing weeds Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. were initiated from seed following disturbance on three occasions between May and September 1976. Three distinct cohorts were followed within each population. Cohorts which had the same order of emergence within a population but different dates of emergence had similar mortality rates. On the other hand, when cohorts of different emergence order and similar emergence dates were compared, those cohorts which emerged first had the lower mortality rates. For both species, the population arising latest in the season had the lowest percentage emergence but the greatest percentage survival of emerged plants to the time of flowering. These populations also had the best reproductive performance. The latest emerging population of R. crispus was the only one to produce as many seeds as had originally been sown, despite the fact that less than 10% of the emerged seedlings survived the winter and less than 1% of the seed pool gave rise to flowering plants. These results suggest that the timing of land management practices such as cultivation can have a profound effect on the success of weed populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Balance Nutrition (N, P, K, Zn and B) and Green Manuring on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Economics and Soil Fertility of Rainfed Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Drought Prone Areas of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
J. Udgata ◽  
M. Barik ◽  
A. Phonglosa ◽  
S. K. Joshi ◽  
P. J. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Green Manuring

A field experiment was carried out in participatory mode on farmers’ field at Bhoimunda village of Jharsuguda block under Jharsuguda district, Odisha during Kharif season of 2017, 2018 and 2019 to study the efficiency of nutrient management along with green manuring crop on productivity, profitability and soil fertility of rice under Western Central Table Land Zone of Odisha, India. The adopted village was selected by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jharsuguda, Odisha under National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four treatments replicated five times taking rice (cv. Sahabhagi dhan) as test crop.  The treatments comprised of four viz. T1: Farmer’s practice (NPK @ 50:20:20 kg ha-1), T2: Recommended dose of fertilizer (NPK @ 60:30:30 kg ha-1), T3: 75% RDF + Green manuring of dhaincha  (Sesbania aculeata) with seed rate of @ 25 kg ha-1 and T4: Soil Test Based NPKZnB @ 75:38:30:6.25:1.25 kg ha-1 + Green manuring.  Results revealed that application of Soil Test Based NPKZnB @ 75:38:30:6.25:1.25 kg ha-1 along with green manuring producing dry biomass 5044 kg ha-1  (T4) recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain yield (4.04 t ha-1), straw yield (5.15 t ha-1), harvest index (43.92%) as well as nutrient uptake in grain and straw of the crop over farmers practice. The same treatment recorded significant improvement in soil pH, organic carbon, available macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn and B) status of soil after harvest of the crop. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.62) and returns (Rs. 28559 ha-1) were recorded with the same treatment (T4) over farmers practice. The present study showed that use of green manuring along with balance nutrition, is an important strategy to maintain and/or improve soil fertility for sustainable crop production in drought prone areas as well as remunerative rice production by the farmers in Odisha, India.

scholarly journals Soil Zinc Fertilization of ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees Growing Under Alkaline Soil Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Núñez-Moreno ◽  
James L. Walworth ◽  
Andrew P. Pond ◽  
Michael W. Kilby
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

The effect of soil banding zinc sulfate and zinc (Zn)-EDTA was evaluated over a period of 4 years on established ‘Wichita’ pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] growing in alkaline, calcareous soil. Treatments evaluated were ZnSO4 applied at 74 kg Zn/ha and Zn-EDTA at 19 kg Zn/ha. These materials were applied just once on 23 Mar. 2005. Fertilizers were injected in two bands placed 1.2 m from either side of the trunk of the tree and 18 cm deep. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Data collected included foliar Zn concentrations throughout the season, midseason foliar nutrient concentrations, leaflet growth, nut yield, and nut quality. Significant differences in foliar Zn levels were found 1 month after application of Zn-EDTA. Differences also were noted during the next 3 years on ≈25% of the sampling dates. Yields of in-shell pecans averaged 2800 kg·ha−1 during the 3 years of harvest but were unaffected by treatments. Nut quality also was unaffected. Nut kernel percentage was very high, ranging from 61.2% to 63.6% during the study. Growth, measured as leaflet area and trunk cross-sectional area, was unaffected by Zn application. Chlorophyll index ranged from 47.5 to 48.0 in 2007 and from 44.7 to 45.4 in 2008 and was unaffected by applied treatments. Zn-EDTA increased Zn uptake slightly by ‘Wichita’ pecan trees in alkaline, calcareous conditions during 3 years after one soil band injection. Ongoing research on potted pecan trees (with the same soil used in the present study) suggests that Zn-EDTA can very effectively increase Zn uptake if placed in close proximity to the tree roots. Additional research is needed to refine application and placement methods in these types of soils to produce a more effective and consistent response.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK PETROGANIK DAN KOMPOS PADA VERTISOL BEKAS GALIAN PEMBUATAN BATU BATA TERHADAP SERAPAN N SERTA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Bambang Siswanto ◽  
Widowati Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact

The low level of farms income from agricultural sector mainly happens in dry season had to inappropriate soil cultivation. The utilization of soil for brick ste manufacturing is one of this case. The excavation process occurs on top soil inflicting degradation of soil fertility. Soil in the impact of this condition has a problem in providing chemical element for the agriculture, especially the lack of N. One of alternative attempts to increase the soil fertility in providing N on formerly brick ste excavation-soil is by supplying Petroganik fertilizer and compost. Petroganik and compost is an organic fertilizer containing N, P, K, the other nutrient, similar to the other organic fertilizers. The aims of the research are to determine the effect Petroganik fertilizer and compost application on N uptake and toward the growth of corn on former brick ste excavation-soil, and to know the chosen dosage which is resulting in growth and N uptake of corn. Research used is Random Block Design with 9 treatment and 3 replication. Dosage of treatment T0 : Control, Petroganik (14, 17, 20, 23) t/ha and compost (14, 17, 20, 23) t/ha. Indicator plant was used Hybrid Corn BISI 2. The result of experiment showed that : 1. Significant effect in increasing uptake of N the corn. The treatment of Petroganik 17 t/ha (P2) increasing 145 % and compost 14 t/ha (P2) increasing 93.8 %, 2. Insignificant effect on plant growth (height, number of leaf) However, it gives significant effect on dry weight of the corn biomass. The treatment Petroganik 17 t/ha (P2), increases 101.45 %, 3. The application of Petroganik fertilizer is more effective in increasing the growth and N uptake of corn than that of compost since the application of 17 t/ha of Petroganik has already increased the N uptake and growth of corn .

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