scholarly journals Prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal Goats under different management systems in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01-04 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Kashem ◽  
M A Hossain ◽  
SS U Ahmed ◽  
M A Halim
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Intensive System

A study was carried out in Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal to identify the prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal goats (BBGs) under semi-intensive system reared by moderate and ultra poor households in Bangladesh during the period from February 2008 to July 2009. A total of 168 female goats and 9 bucks were recorded from two types of households of which 125 goats were infected (74.70%) by a number of diseases and lead to mortality (17.26%). Survival rates and mortality percentage of kids were 80.60 and 19.40, respectively but the highest mortality was in Habiganj (21.18%). Seasons had special influences on mortality of adult goats (35.81%) and kids (64.19%) where the highest mortality rates were 22.22% and 25.93%, respectively in rainy season. PPR had the highest mortality rates (37.93% in adults and 25.00% in kids) followed by pneumonia (24.14% and 21.15%, respectively). Predator invasion was the other remarkable cause for increased kids’ mortality (23.08%). The study suggests that hygienic management practices, adequate supply of nutrients, and vaccination and deworming programmes in semi-intensive rearing system of BBGs at rural level will improve the survival rates of adult goats and kids.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10702Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 01-04 

The effects of date of emergence and emergence order on seedling survival rates in Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Paul B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Percentage Survival

Populations of the colonizing weeds Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. were initiated from seed following disturbance on three occasions between May and September 1976. Three distinct cohorts were followed within each population. Cohorts which had the same order of emergence within a population but different dates of emergence had similar mortality rates. On the other hand, when cohorts of different emergence order and similar emergence dates were compared, those cohorts which emerged first had the lower mortality rates. For both species, the population arising latest in the season had the lowest percentage emergence but the greatest percentage survival of emerged plants to the time of flowering. These populations also had the best reproductive performance. The latest emerging population of R. crispus was the only one to produce as many seeds as had originally been sown, despite the fact that less than 10% of the emerged seedlings survived the winter and less than 1% of the seed pool gave rise to flowering plants. These results suggest that the timing of land management practices such as cultivation can have a profound effect on the success of weed populations.

scholarly journals Factors related to high levels of ostrich chick mortality from hatching to 90 days of age in an intensive rearing system

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W.P. Cloete ◽  
H. Lambrechts ◽  
K. Punt ◽  
Z. Brand
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Core Level ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Excessive Water

Ostrich chick mortality was studied in 2522 chicks that were hatched artificially during the 1999/2000 breeding season. High levels of mortality were observed, with 1978 (78.4 %) of these chicks dying before 90 days after hatching. Atotal of 46.7 %(1177) of these chicks died before 28 days of age, and a further 30.7 %(801) died between 28 and 90 days post-hatching. Chick mortality to 28 days of age could not be conclusively related to sex, day of external pipping or breeder diet. Mortality rates were higher (P < 0.05) at the beginning and end of the breeding season than in the middle months. Differences in mortality levels of chicks incubated in different incubators could be related to the time of the breeding season during which the incubator was mostly used. The regression of chick mortality to 28 days of age on day-old chick mass followed a 2nd-degree polynomial. Chicks with day-old masses below 762.5 g were particularly at risk of dying before 28 days after hatching. Chicks hatching from eggs where excessive water loss to 35 days of incubation (>18 %) was recorded were also at risk of succumbing before 28 days of age. Chick mortality percentages for the period from 28 to 90 days of age exceeded 80 %in chicks weighing an average of 1050 g at 28 days. Mortaliy percentages declined sharply at higher live masses, to between 20 and 30 % in chicks weighing ?1950 g. This 'core' level of mortality remained throughout, even in the heaviest chicks. It was concluded that the high levels of chick mortality could be related to stress in chicks, resulting from an inability to adapt to the rearing environment. The high subsequent mortality percentages of low live mass chicks that survived to 28 days after hatching could probably be attributed to residual setbacks suffered earlier. Abetter understanding of the underlying principles involved in ostrich chick mortality in intensive rearing environments is required for progress in this field, resulting in more predictable survival rates under these conditions.

scholarly journals Controversies in the Management of Borderline Resectable Proximal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Vascular Involvement

HPB Surgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga N. Tucker ◽  
Mohamed Rela
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Borderline Resectable ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Major Vessel

Synchronous major vessel resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains controversial. In the 1970s, regional pancreatectomy advocated by Fortner was associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates, with no impact on long-term survival. With the establishment of a multidisciplinary approach, improvements in preoperative staging techniques, surgical expertise, and perioperative care reduced mortality rates and improved 5-year-survival rates are now achieved following resection in high-volume centres. Perioperative morbidity and mortality following PD with portal vein resection are comparable to standard PD, with reported 5-year-survival rates of up to 17%. Segmental resection and reconstruction of the common hepatic artery/proper hepatic artery (CHA/PHA) can be performed to achieve an R0 resection in selected patients with limited involvement of the CHA/PHA at the origin of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). PD with concomitant major vessel resection for borderline resectable tumours should be performed when a margin-negative resection is anticipated at high-volume centres with expertise in complex pancreatic surgery. Where an incomplete (R1 or R2) resection is likely neoadjuvant treatment with systemic chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation as part of a clinical trial should be offered to all patients.

scholarly journals LOW MORTALITY RATE IN 97 CONSECUTIVE PANCREATICODUODENECTOMIES: the experience of a group

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Ott FONTES ◽  
Fábio Luiz WAECHTER ◽  
Mauro NECTOUX ◽  
José Artur SAMPAIO ◽  
Uirá Fernandes TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Biliary Surgery ◽  
Gastric Stasis ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Database Service

Context Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for resectable cancer of the periampullary region. These tumors account for 4% of deaths from cancer, being referred to as one of the lowest survival rates at 5 years. Surgery remains a complex procedure with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite reports of up to 30% mortality rates, in centers of excellence it have been identified as less than 5%. Recent studies show that pancreaticojejunostomy represents the “Achilles’ heel” of the procedure. Objective To evaluate the post-operative 30 days morbidity and mortality rates. Methods Retrospective analysis of 97 consecutive resected patients between July, 2000 and December, 2012. All patients were managed by the same group, and data were obtained from specific database service. The main objective was to evaluate the 30-day mortality rate, but we also studied data of surgical specimen, need for vascular resection and postoperative complications (gastric stasis, pancreatic fistula, pneumonia and reoperation rate). Results Thirty-day mortality rate was 2.1% (two patients). Complete resection with no microscopic residual tumor was obtained in 93.8% of patients, and in 67.3% of cases pathology did not detected metastatic nodes. Among postoperative complications were reported 6% of prolonged gastric stasis, 10.3% of pneumonia, 10.3% of pancreatic fistula and 1% of infection in the drain pathway. Two patients underwent reoperation due to bleeding and infected hematoma caused by pancreatic fistula, and another for intestinal obstruction because of adhesions at postoperative day 12. Conclusions The pancreaticoduodenectomy as treatment procedure for periampullary cancers has a low morbidity and mortality rate in services with experience in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery, remaining as first-line treatment in resectable patients.

scholarly journals Are new genome variants detected in SARS-CoV-2 expected considering population dynamics in viruses?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren ◽  
Pinar Tulay ◽  
Munis Dundar
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Genome Variants ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

AbstractThe pandemic COVID-19 is caused by a highly transmissible severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which showed the highest morbidity and mortality rates among the other coronavirus infections such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the numbers of infected cases as well as mortality rates are varying from population to population. Therefore, scientist has urged the SARS-CoV-2 genome and host genetic factors investigations. Recently, new SARS-CoV-2 variants has been detected and though to affect the diseases transmission from human to human. In this mini-review, we aimed to explained detected SARS-CoV-2 variants that thought to influence the COVID-19 severity and transmission using the literature.

One-Year Morbidity and Mortality Rates Associated with Clipping Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodayar Goshtasbi ◽  
Ronald Sahyouni ◽  
Alice Wang ◽  
Edward Choi ◽  
Gilbert Cadena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Long-Term Trends in Length of Hospital Stay, Postmenstrual Age at Discharge, and Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Matthias Fröhlich ◽  
Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Stephanie Roll
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In very low birth weight (&#x3c;1,500 g, VLBW) infants, morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the past decades, and both are known to be lower in girls than in boys. In this study, we assessed sex-specific changes over time in length of hospital stay (LOHS) and postmenstrual age at discharge (PAD), in addition to survival in VLBW infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis based on quality assurance data of VLBW infants born from 1978 to 2018. Estimation of sex-specific LOHS over time was based on infants discharged home from neonatal care or deceased. Estimation of sex-specific PAD over time was based on infants discharged home exclusively. Analysis of in-hospital survival was performed for all VLBW infants. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 4,336 of 4,499 VLBW infants admitted from 1978 to 2018 with complete data (96.4%), survival rates improved between 1978–1982 and 1993–1997 (70.8 vs. 88.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.30) and remained stable thereafter. Boys had consistently higher mortality rates than girls (15 vs. 12%, HR 1.23 [1.05, 1.45]). Nonsurviving boys died later compared to nonsurviving girls (adjusted mean survival time 23.0 [18.0, 27.9] vs. 20.7 [15.0, 26.3] days). LOHS and PAD assessed in 3,166 survivors displayed a continuous decrease over time (1978–1982 vs. 2013–2018: LOHS days 82.9 [79.3, 86.5] vs. 60.3 [58.4, 62.1] days); PAD 40.4 (39.9, 40.9) vs. 37.4 [37.1, 37.6] weeks). Girls had shorter LOHS than boys (69.4 [68.0, 70.8] vs. 73.0 [71.6, 74.4] days) and were discharged with lower PAD (38.6 [38.4, 38.8] vs. 39.2 [39.0, 39.4] weeks). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> LOHS and PAD decreased over the last 40 years, while survival rates improved. Male sex was associated with longer LOHS, higher PAD, and higher mortality rates.

scholarly journals A birth population-based survey of preterm morbidity and mortality by gestational age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Guo ◽  
Xiaoqiong Li ◽  
Tingting Qi ◽  
Zhaojun Pan ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Death

Abstract Background Despite 15–17 millions of annual births in China, there is a paucity of information on prevalence and outcome of preterm birth. We characterized the outcome of preterm births and hospitalized preterm infants by gestational age (GA) in Huai’an in 2015, an emerging prefectural region of China. Methods Of 59,245 regional total births, clinical data on 2651 preterm births and 1941 hospitalized preterm neonates were extracted from Huai’an Women and Children’s Hospital (HWCH) and non-HWCH hospitals in 2018–2020. Preterm prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates were characterized and compared by hospital categories and GA spectra. Death risks of preterm births and hospitalized preterm infants in the whole region were analyzed with multivariable Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of extreme, very, moderate, late and total preterm of the regional total births were 0.14, 0.53, 0.72, 3.08 and 4.47%, with GA-specific neonatal mortality rates being 44.4, 15.8, 3.7, 1.5 and 4.3%, respectively. There were 1025 (52.8% of whole region) preterm admissions in HWCH, with significantly lower in-hospital death rate of inborn (33 of 802, 4.1%) than out-born (23 of 223, 10.3%) infants. Compared to non-HWCH, three-fold more neonates in HWCH were under critical care with higher death rate, including most extremely preterm infants. Significantly all-death risks were found for the total preterm births in birth weight <  1000 g, GA < 32 weeks, amniotic fluid contamination, Apgar-5 min < 7, and birth defects. For the hospitalized preterm infants, significantly in-hospital death risks were found in out-born of HWCH, GA < 32 weeks, birth weight <  1000 g, Apgar-5 min < 7, birth defects, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and ventilation, whereas born in HWCH, antenatal glucocorticoids, cesarean delivery and surfactant use decreased the death risks. Conclusions The integrated data revealed the prevalence, GA-specific morbidity and mortality rate of total preterm births and their hospitalization, demonstrating the efficiency of leading referral center and whole regional perinatal-neonatal network in China. The concept and protocol should be validated in further studies for prevention of preterm birth.

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