β-1,3-Glucanase and the spread of tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana and Phaseolus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1984-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kearney ◽  
J. H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Local Lesions

The β-1,3-glucan callose is thought to form a seal which surrounds viral local lesions and prevents viral spread in many plant hosts. Therefore, we investigated the role of host β-1,3-glucanase in facilitating viral spread. The following were compared for lesion size (indicating viral spread rate) and β-1,3-glucanase activity: (i) inoculated excised leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto supplied with sugar (small lesions) or deprived of sugar (large lesions); (ii) Nicotiana glutinosa L. infected with the VM strain (small lesions) or the U1 strain (large lesions) of tobacco mosaic virus; and (iii) Nicotiana sylvestris Spegaz. infected with the VM strain (small lesions) or the U2 strain (large lesions) of tobacco mosaic virus. In all cases, the larger, more rapidly spreading viral lesions did not have significantly higher levels of β-1,3-glucanase activity than the corresponding smaller lesions. Nicotiana sylvestris leaves with a systemic viral infection had a β-1,3-glucanase activity lower than that of leaves with local lesions. Finally, β-1,3-glucanase activity was stimulated to the same extent by a slowly developing abiotic necrosis as by local lesions of tobacco mosaic virus, β-1,3-Glucanase activity may therefore increase during localized viral infection as a result of the wounding associated with necrotic viral lesions.

Local lesions as sources of biologically pure strains of tobacco mosaic virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Boxall ◽  
B. H. MacNeill
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Local Lesion ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Local Lesions

The integrity of the local-lesion technique in producing genetically homogeneous isolates of tobacco mosaic virus from Nicotiana glutinosa has been verified using strains doubly labeled with genetic markers governing symptomatology and host range.

scholarly journals Dianthins, ribosome-damaging proteins with anti-viral properties from Dianthus caryophyllus L. (carnation)

1981 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Stirpe ◽  
D G Williams ◽  
L J Onyon ◽  
R F Legg ◽  
W A Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

1. Dianthin 30 and dianthin 32, two proteins isolated from the leaves of Diathus caryophyllus (carnation), were purified to homogeneity by chromatography on CM-cellulose. 2. The mol.wt. of dianthin 30 is 29 500 and that of dianthin 32 is 31 700. Both dianthins are glycoproteins containing mannose. 3. Dianthins inhibit protein synthesis in a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes, with an ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of 9.15 ng/ml (dianthin 30) and 3.6 ng/ml (dianthin 32). They act by damaging ribosomes in a less-than-equimolar ratio. Protein synthesis by intact cells is partially inhibited by dianthins at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml. 4. Dianthins mixed with tobacco-mosaic virus strongly decrease the number of local lesions on leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa.

scholarly journals SOME CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE INTRACELLULAR ARRANGEMENT AND CONCENTRATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PARTICLES IN LOCAL LESIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weintraub ◽  
H. W. Ragetli ◽  
V. T. John
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Local Lesions

Tobacco mosaic virus particles were found in small packets and in small numbers, with the electron microscope, in necrotic leaf cells of Nicotiana glutinosa when the samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in OsO4, and the sections were stained with heavy metals. The numbers and size of the virus packets were increased greatly when the leaves were detached from the plant after inoculation Assay of concentration showed that detachment resulted in a 30-fold increase of virus. A similar increase in the number of virus particles detected by electron microscopy was produced by keeping inoculated plants at an air temperature of 26°C. A still greater increase in concentration was effected by incubating detached inoculated leaves at 26°C. Moreover the arrangement of virus particles in these cells resembled that of a systemic virus infection. Cells in local lesions of Chenopodium amaranticolor contained large numbers of virus particles both as packets and in the loose arrangement characteristic of systemic infection. Neither the number of particles nor their arrangement was affected in this host by detaching the leaf or by changing the air temperature. It is suggested that there may be two types of localized virus infections, one of which produces virus in low concentration and is amenable to changes in virus concentration and arrangement as a result of environmental manipulation.

scholarly journals Interaction of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replicase Protein with the Aux/IAA Protein PAP1/IAA26 Is Associated with Disease Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 2549-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenu S. Padmanabhan ◽  
Sameer P. Goregaoker ◽  
Sheetal Golem ◽  
Haiymanot Shiferaw ◽  
James N. Culver
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Helicase Domain ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Replicase Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations

ABSTRACT Virus-infected plants often display developmental abnormalities that include stunting, leaf curling, and the loss of apical dominance. In this study, the helicase domain of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126- and/or 183-kDa replicase protein(s) was found to interact with the Arabidopsis Aux/IAA protein PAP1 (also named IAA26), a putative regulator of auxin response genes involved in plant development. To investigate the role of this interaction in the display of symptoms, a TMV mutant defective in the PAP1 interaction was identified. This mutant replicated and moved normally in Arabidopsis but induced attenuated developmental symptoms. Additionally, transgenic plants in which the accumulation of PAP1 mRNA was silenced exhibit symptoms like those of virus-infected plants. In uninfected tissues, ectopically expressed PAP1 accumulated and localized to the nucleus. However, in TMV-infected tissues, PAP1 failed to accumulate to significant levels and did not localize to the nucleus, suggesting that interaction with the TMV replicase protein disrupts PAP1 localization. The consequences of this interaction would affect PAP1's putative function as a transcriptional regulator of auxin response genes. This is supported by gene expression data indicating that ∼30% of the Arabidopsis genes displaying transcriptional alterations in response to TMV contain multiple auxin response promoter elements. Combined, these data indicate that the TMV replicase protein interferes with the plant's auxin response system to induce specific disease symptoms.

scholarly journals Challenging the Role of Microtubules in Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement by Drug Treatments Is Disputable

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 6712-6715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Seemanpillai ◽  
Rabab Elamawi ◽  
Christophe Ritzenthaler ◽  
Manfred Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitors ◽  
Microtubule Polymerization ◽  
Drug Treatments

ABSTRACT The movement protein (MP) of Tobacco mosaic virus interacts with microtubules during infection. Although this interaction is correlated with the function of MP in the cell-to-cell transport of viral RNA, a direct role of microtubules in the movement process was recently challenged by studies involving the treatment of plants with inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. Here, we report evidence suggesting that such treatments may not efficiently disrupt all microtubules. Thus, results obtained from studies using microtubule inhibitors may have to remain open to interpretation with regard to the involvement of microtubules in viral RNA trafficking.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in the Regulation of Nicotiana tabacum Response to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection and Symptom Recovery through Single-Base Resolution Methylomes

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Chaonan Wang ◽  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Jingze Zou ◽  
Yanhong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Symptom Recovery

Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to respond to viral infection. These responses have been studied in detail at the level of host immune response and antiviral RNA silencing (RNAi). However, the possibility of epigenetic reprogramming has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we identified the role of DNA methylation during viral infection and performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on tissues of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected Nicotiana tabacum at various developmental stages. Differential methylated regions are enriched with CHH sequence contexts, 80% of which are located on the gene body to regulate gene expression in a temporal style. The methylated genes depressed by methyltransferase inhibition largely overlapped with methylated genes in response to viral invasion. Activation in the argonaute protein and depression in methyl donor synthase revealed the important role of dynamic methylation changes in modulating viral clearance and resistance signaling. Methylation-expression relationships were found to be required for the immune response and cellular components are necessary for the proper defense response to infection and symptom recovery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document