Effect of frond age on frond elongation, gas exchange, and water relations in the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Prange ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
J. T. A. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Diffusive Resistance

The effect of frond age in the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) upon changes in frond elongation, frond water status (osmotic, pressure, and total water potential), and gas exchange (diffusive resistance, net photosynthesis rate, and dark respiration rate) was examined. The maximum elongation rate in the youngest fronds was 2.83 mm h−1 and occurred between 1500 and 2100 hours. Growth of individual fronds was completed in ca. 16–20 days after emergence from the apical bud. As a frond approached final length, both the dark respiration rate and rate of daily elongation decreased. Compared with mature fronds, young fronds (5 to 8 days old) had higher dark respiration rates and lower net photosynthesis rates. They also had higher osmotic potentials and lower pressure potentials and predawn diffusive resistances. In the youngest fronds (3 and 6 days old) the fastest elongation rates occurred at the lowest water potentials. This phenomenon may be an example of "growth-induced water potential." The increase in pressure potential and decrease in osmotic potential as the frond approached full expansion on day 16 indicates an "apparent" osmotic adjustment which was probably due to a decrease in the yielding properties of the cell walls while solutes continued to accumulate in the tissue. At full expansion further accumulation appeared to stop, suggesting that the frond had increased net solute export.

Response of Gas Exchange in Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) to Environmental Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Gas exchange of jointed goatgrass leaves was affected by temperature, irradiance level, and soil matric potential. Net photosynthesis of leaves under saturating irradiance (PPFD3= 1850 (μE·m–2·s−1) was optimum at about 20 C. At 25 C, net photosynthesis was nearly 90% of maximum at a PPFD of 800 μE·m–2·−1. Transpiration, and presumably water use, increased steadily with temperature from 10 to 40 C. Dark respiration rate and compensation points for light and for CO2increased exponentially, or nearly so, from 10 to 40 C. Soil moisture deficits of −130 kPa reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration by about 30 and 55%, respectively, compared to well-watered plants.

Correlation Between the Rates of Foliar Dark Respiration and Net Photosynthesis in Some Tropical Dicot Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rajendrudu ◽  
J. S. Rama Prasad ◽  
V. S. Rama Das
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Photosynthetic Type

The rates of foliar dark respiration and net photosynthesis in attached leaves of 25 C3, C4, and C3-C4 intermediate dicotyledonous weed species were determined using the infrared gas analyzer. The ratio of dark respiration to photosynthesis per unit leaf area in attached leaves of each species was inversely proportional to leaf age. Highly significant, positive linear correlation was observed between the rates of foliar dark respiration and net photosynthetic CO2 uptake in dicot weeds irrespective of the photosynthetic type. The higher foliar dark respiration rate found in some of the weed species can be attributed in part to the higher carbohydrate levels as generated by a rapid photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. The significance of higher dark respiration rate in relation to carbon and energy economy of weeds is discussed.

Effects of Low Water Potentials on Transpiration and Photosynthesis in Mitchell Grass (Astrebla lappacea)

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Doley ◽  
NBA Trivett
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Remarkable Recovery

Gas-exchange studies were carried out on potted Mitchell grass plants raised in the glasshouse and in growth cabinets. Provided that nutrition was adequate, the low irradiance of the growth cabinets did not impair the photosynthetic capacity at levels approaching full sunlight. The optimum temperature for net photosynthesis was in excess of 40�C. Close linear relationships were established between leaf water potential and both transpiration and net photosynthesis. Most of the variation in gas exchange could be attributed to changes in stomatal diffusive resistance. Although there was an increase in mesophyll resistance as leaf water potential decreased, the proportion of the total resistance attributable to the mesophyll became substantially smaller. Gas exchange exhibited a remarkable recovery after brief but severe drought, during which leaf water potentials fell to about -48 bars. There was some inhibition of both transpiration and photosynthesis for about one week following rewatering. It is concluded that A. lappacea demonstrates a high degree of true drought tolerance.

Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Damaged and Undamaged Spruce Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Wild ◽  
Peter Sabel ◽  
Lucia Wild-Peters ◽  
Ursula Schmieden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Light Saturation Curves

Abstract The investigations presented here focus on the CO2/H2O gas exchange in damaged and undamaged spruce trees while using open-air measurements as well as measurements under defined conditions in the laboratory. The studies were performed at two different sites in the Hunsrück and the Westerwald mountains. In the laboratory the CO2/H2O gas exchange was measured on detached branches under controlled conditions in the course of two years. CO2 saturation curves were also generated. In addition CO2 compensation points were deter­ mined employing a closed system. In the natural habitat diurnal course measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration as well as light-saturation curves for photosynthesis were performed. In parallel with the photosynthesis and transpiration measurements, measurements of the water potential were taken at both locations. The photosynthetic capacity and transpiration rate show a typical annual course with pronounced maxima in spring and late summer and minima in summer and winter. The needles of the damaged trees exhibit higher transpiration rates and a distinct reduction in photosyn­ thesis than the needles of the undamaged trees during two seasons. The diurnal course measurements of net photosynthesis and transpiration show a maximum in photosynthesis and transpiration in the afternoon in May and September, but a characteristic midday depression in July. Photosynthesis was markedly lower and transpiration higher in the needles of the damaged trees. The damaged trees show a lower increase in the light and CO2 saturation curves and higher CO2 compensation points as compared to the undamaged trees. The water potential reaches much lower values during the course of the day in needles of the dam­ aged trees. The reduction of the photosynthetic rate on one hand and the increase in transpiration on the other hand result in an extreme lowering of the water use efficiency in photosynthesis. The damage to the thylakoid membranes and to the guard cells obviously results in a pro­ found disturbance of the physiological homeostasis of the needles and could thus lead to premature needle loss.

Dark respiration rate of transgenic tomato plants expressing FeSOD1 gene under chloride and sulfate salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. N. Baranova ◽  
E. N. Akanov ◽  
A. A. Gulevich ◽  
L. V. Kurenina ◽  
S. A. Danilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants

scholarly journals Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity of Phragmites australis in Five Habitats in Saline‒Alkaline Wetlands

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Subang An ◽  
Xingtu Liu ◽  
Bolong Wen ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Peng Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
The Impact

Water shortages have an important impact on the photosynthetic capacity of Phragmites australis. However, this impact has not been adequately studied from the perspective of photosynthesis. An in-depth study of the photosynthetic process can help in better understanding the impact of water shortages on the photosynthetic capacity of P. australis, especially on the microscale. The aim of this study is to explore the photosynthetic adaptation strategies to environmental changes in saline‒alkaline wetlands. The light response curves and CO2 response curves of P. australis in five habitats (hygrophilous, xerophytic, psammophytic, abandoned farmland, paddy field drainage) in saline‒alkaline wetlands were measured at different stages of their life history, and we used a nonrectangular hyperbolic model to fit the data. It was concluded that P. australis utilized coping strategies that differed between the growing and breeding seasons. P. australis in abandoned farmland during the growing season had the highest apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and photosynthetic utilization efficiency for weak light because of the dark environment. The dark respiration rate of P. australis in the drainage area of paddy fields was the lowest, and it had the highest values for photorespiration rate, maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax), photosynthetic capacity (Pa), biomass, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax). The light insensitivity of P. australis increased with the transition from growing to breeding season, and the dark respiration rate also showed a downward trend. Moreover, Vcmax and Jmax would decline when Pmax and Pa showed a declining trend, and vice versa. In other words, Vcmax and Jmax could explain changes in the photosynthetic capacity to some extent. These findings contribute to providing insights that Vcmax and Jmax can directly reflect the variation in photosynthetic capacity of P. australis under water shortages in saline‒alkaline wetlands and in other parts of world where there are problems with similarly harmful environmental conditions.

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

Anomalous Water Relations in Copper-Deficient Wheat Plants

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Leaf water potential, diffusive resistance, relative water content, weekly water use, yields and head bending were measured on wheat plants subjected to four copper levels (0, 0.4, 0.8 or 4.0 mg Cu per pot) and two water levels (6 or 12% soil water content). Severe copper deficiency (Cu 0) resulted in no grain yield, wilting, increased leaf diffusive resistance and, at the same time, increased leaf water potential relative to plants receiving 4.0 mg Cu (Cu 4.0). Water supply effects were observed but there was no interaction between copper and water treatments. Mild copper deficiency (Cu 0.4, Cu 0.8) resulted in small yield decreases, relative to Cu 4.0, and increased head bending towards maturity. It is concluded that wilting, characteristic of copper-deficient plants, is due to structural weakness (decreased lignification) and not to the water status of the plants; also, increased leaf diffusive resistance is due to a specific effect of copper deficiency on guard cells and not to decreased leaf water potential.

Internal Water Balance of Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell.) Under Natural Conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Tunstall ◽  
DJ Connor
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Water Contents

On one day each month over a period of 2½ years, diurnal measurements of plant water status, leaf diffusive resistance, carbon uptake, irradiance, ambient temperature and humidity were made in a brigalow community. Diurnal changes in leaf diffusive resistance, osmotic potential, plant water potential, and carbon uptake are shown to follow general patterns and the changes in plant water potential were related to the dawn value of plant water potential. The data suggest the development of negative turgor in brigalow and demonstrate the capacity of the plant to maintain high tissue water contents at low water potentials. Measurements of shoot extension and litter fall showed that litter fall occurred principally following shoot extension.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis by Thin Leaf Slices in Solution I. Properties of Leaf Slices and Comparison With Whole Leaves

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Jones ◽  
CB Osmond
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties

The preparation and photosynthetic properties of thin leaf slices from several plants were examined. Photosynthesis was measured either as oxygen evolution in a polarographic electrode, or as 14C02 fixation. Oxygen uptake in the dark gave a measure of the dark respiration rate.

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