Is there a relationship between tracheary element formation and lignification in soybean (Glycine max var. Wayne) callus cultures?

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2716-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Lorin W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Element Number ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The possible relationship between tracheary element number and lignin content was studied in cultured soybean (Glycine max L. var. Wayne) cotyledon callus. Callus initiated on 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contained 3.0 × 104 tracheary elements per gram fresh weight and 41 μg lignin per milligram dry weight after 10 days incubation, and these values did not vary significantly after two subsequent transfers (7 days each) to a medium containing 0.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.01 μM kinetin. Transfer of this callus to a medium supplemented with 60 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 0.5 μM kinetin resulted in significant increases in tracheary element number and lignin content (290 and 56%, respectively). A time-course study revealed that both tracheary element number and lignin content reached a maximum 5 to 6 days after transfer to the medium containing indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin. However, when total callus lignin content was plotted against total tracheary element number, no statistically significant relationship was found. The formation of lignin not associated with tracheary elements may have been a factor. These results indicate that the induction of tracheary element formation and lignification in soybean callus have similar hormonal requirements, but lignification occurs independently of tracheary element formation in this system.

Effect of auxin and phenobarbital on the ultrastructure and digitoxin content in Digitalis purpurea tissue culture

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bonfill ◽  
Javier Palazón ◽  
Rosa M. Cusidó ◽  
M. Teresa Piñol ◽  
Carmen Morales
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
Digitalis Purpurea ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Callus derived from Digitalis purpurea hypocotils were grown during a 6-week period on solid Murashige–Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.01 mg/L gibberellic acid and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, with or without phenobarbital (40 mg/L). The presence of phenobarbital in the culture medium caused a reduction of the vacuole/cytoplasm ratio. At the same time, the chloroplastic volume fraction decreased in callus tissue cells grown in media supplemented with phenobarbital, while the mitochondrial volume ratio increased. Digitoxin content was enhanced in callus tissues, especially in those grown on indole-3-acetic acid medium supplemented with phenobarbital. The relationship between ultrastructure of D. purpurea callus and digitoxin content is discussed. Keywords: Digitalis purpurea tissue cultures, digitoxin, phenobarbital, mitochondria, chloroplast.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on the growth and cadmium accumulation of lettuce under cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Le Liang ◽  
Wanjia Tang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In present study, the effects of spraying different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) of IAA on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were investigated. The lettuce exposed to Cd exhibited a substantial decline in growth, and the Cd content of them significantly increased. Spraying exogenous IAA resulted in alleviating the inhibitory of Cd toxicity to lettuce. The dry weight in shoots of lettuce increased by spraying with IAA compared with the Cd treatment alone, but the dry weight of roots had no significantly differences. Although exogenous IAA increased the root Cd content, it significantly reduced shoot Cd content, indicating its role in Cd transport. Therefore, spraying IAA effectively alleviated Cd toxicity and reduced Cd uptake in the edible parts of lettuce, and the 100 μmol/L IAA was the optimal dose.

scholarly journals Pomegranate Micropropagation, Callogenesis and Genetic Integrity Assessment Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Tebogo Stimela ◽  
Remmy W. Kasili ◽  
Edward G. Mamati
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Simple Sequence

In recent years, the awareness of pomegranate health benefits has grown exponentially; nonetheless the existing propagation methods remain a challenge to supply adequate suitable planting materials needed for commercial production. Micropropagation can lead to mass production of plantlets and callus-mediated in vitro regeneration can open avenues for the use of genetic engineering to improve this crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate appropriate conditions for pomegranate micropropagation, callogenesis and use Simple Sequence Repeat markers to screen for somaclonal variation. Cytokinins (Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin and Thiadiazol-5ylurea) were tested for shoot induction from nodal explants while auxins (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid and Indole-3-acetic acid) were tested for root induction of in vitro regenerated shoots. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid combined with Benzylaminopurine was assessed for their ability to induce callus from cotyledon and leaf explants. Genetic integrity between mother plant, callus and in vitro regenerated shoots were assessed using eight Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Maximum number of shoots and leaves were obtained on full strength Murashige and Skoog media with 6.9 µM kinetin. The highest number of roots was achieved on half strength Murashige and Skoog media with 4.9 µM Indole-3-butyric acid and the longest root was got on half strength Murashige and Skoog media with 5.3 µM Indole-3-acetic acid. Leaves and cotyledons demonstrated to be potential explants for callus formation at all hormonal combination levels tested. Eight out of 13 amplified alleles were polymorphic. A wider genetic variation was found with similarity coefficient range of 0.46-0.92. More somaclonal variation was in regenerated shoots compared to callus.

scholarly journals Improvement of Phosphate Solubilization and Medicago Plant Yield by an Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Overproducing Strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
pp. 4626-4632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Bianco ◽  
Roberto Defez
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most limiting factors for plant growth. Some microorganisms improve the uptake and availability of N and P, minimizing chemical fertilizer dependence. It has been published that the RD64 strain, a Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 strain engineered to overproduce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), showed improved nitrogen fixation ability compared to the wild-type 1021 strain. Here, we present data showing that RD64 is also highly effective in mobilizing P from insoluble sources, such as phosphate rock (PR). Under P-limiting conditions, the higher level of P-mobilizing activity of RD64 than of the 1021 wild-type strain is connected with the upregulation of genes coding for the high-affinity P transport system, the induction of acid phosphatase activity, and the increased secretion into the growth medium of malic, succinic, and fumaric acids. Medicago truncatula plants nodulated by RD64 (Mt-RD64), when grown under P-deficient conditions, released larger amounts of another P-solubilizing organic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, than plants nodulated by the wild-type strain (Mt-1021). It has already been shown that Mt-RD64 plants exhibited higher levels of dry-weight production than Mt-1021 plants. Here, we also report that P-starved Mt-RD64 plants show significant increases in both shoot and root fresh weights when compared to P-starved Mt-1021 plants. We discuss how, in a Rhizobium-legume model system, a balanced interplay of different factors linked to bacterial IAA overproduction rather than IAA production per se stimulates plant growth under stressful environmental conditions and, in particular, under P starvation.

SAFFLOWER LEAF TISSUE CULTURES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska L. M. Turel ◽  
Mary M. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

A tissue culture was obtained from the cells around the vein of a piece of normal safflower leaf. The tissue has now been transferred monthly for two and one-half years. Growth was measured on White's, Knop's, and Heller's media with and without 0.1 mgm. indole-3-acetic acid per liter and/or 10% coconut milk. Indole-3-acetic acid had no effect but coconut milk greatly enhanced growth. Heller's medium plus coconut milk was the best for growth of the leaf tissue. The addition of coconut milk to White's medium caused a decrease in percentage of dry weight of the leaf tissue culture, whereas its addition to Heller's medium had no such effect.

An Auxin Binding Protein is Localized in the Symbiosome Membrane of Soybean Nodules

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jacobi ◽  
Rolf Zettl ◽  
Klaus Palme ◽  
Dietrich Werner
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Symbiosome Membrane ◽  
Auxin Binding ◽  
Auxin Binding Protein ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Binding of tritiated indole-3-acetic acid ([3H]IAA) to symbiosome membranes of soybean nodules occurred in a protein-dependent manner and was competitively inhibited by unlabeled indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and dithiothreitol (DTT), but not by tryptophan and benzoic acid. The symbiosome membranes bound IAA with a KD of 1 × 10-6 m. Photoaffinity labeling identified an auxin-binding protein (ABP) in the symbiosome membrane with an apparent molecular mass of 23 kDa. This 23 kDa protein was labeled either with 5-azido-[7-3H]indole-3-acetic acid ([3H]N3IAA) or with 5′-azido-[3,6-3H2]-1-naphthylphthalamic acid ([3H2]N3NPA). Labeling of the 23 kDa protein with [3H]N3IAA was competitively inhibited by unlabeled IAA and 1-NAA. NPA and quercetin, inhibitors of polar auxin transport, as well as rutin, a glycosylated derivative of quercetin, competed with IAA for binding. Conversely, [3H2]N3NPA labeling was inhibited by unlabeled IAA and NPA. The 23 kDa symbiosome membrane protein was partially solubilized with Triton X-100 and nearly completely using Triton X-114. The observation that auxin transport inhibitors compete with IAA for binding suggests that the symbiosome membrane ABP could be part of an auxin efflux carrier system required to control the auxin concentration in infected soybean nodule cells.

Induction and differentiation of haploid Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring callus initiated from haploid embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Pental ◽  
J. E. Gunckel
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Haploid embryos were produced by Triticum aestivum × Hordeum bulbosum crosses. Approximately 4300 florets of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were emasculated and pollinated with pollen of diploid and tetraploid H. bulbosum. Haploid seeds started aborting 8–10 days after pollination and at this stage embryos were excised. Total haploid embryo set was only 0.2%.Callus was induced from the haploid embryos and root apices excised from the haploid plants on T medium + 1 mg/L 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These calli were subcultured once and then put on differentiation media: T medium and T medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA + 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin, K), or NAA + K. Histologically, calli growing on auxin medium were heterogeneous with peripheral meristematic loci embedded in a parenchymatous mass of cells. On differentiation media calli produced copious roots from the meristematic loci. One callus on control medium (T only) gave rise to an isolated shoot. The chromosome number of differentiated roots was always 2n = 3 = 21.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Root Formation by Thiol Compounds

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Auderset ◽  
Charles Moncousin ◽  
Jane O'Rourke ◽  
D. James Morré
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Stimulation Of

Root formation in shoot cuttings of soybean (Glycine max L. `Williams'), mungbean (Phaseolus aureas Mdlbg.), English ivy (Hedera helix L.), and apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh. `Jork 9') was stimulated by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione in the presence and absence of auxin (IAA) shock. In soybean, in the absence of auxin, root formation was stimulated to about the same extent by glutathione alone as with auxin alone. The roots induced by thiol compounds were longer than roots induced by auxin shock and were completely normal in appearance. Roots produced with auxin shock alone were short and exhibited characteristic auxin-induced deformations. With a combination treatment of auxin shock and thiol compounds, roots were more numerous than with either alone, somewhat longer than with auxin alone, and exhibited fewer of the usual deformations characteristic of roots grown in the presence of external auxins. The thiol compounds also were beneficial for rooting Malus shoots propagated from callus in vitro. The thiol compounds were most beneficial with older cuttings where auxin shock was often insufficient to obtain roots. In shoots where rooting was stimulated by thiol agents, shoots grew more rapidly than in those where rooting was induced by auxin shock alone. These findings suggest a use for thiol compounds alone or in combination with auxin shock to induce differentiation of root primordia as well as for stimulation of root growth. Chemical name used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

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