Recovery of net primary production in subalpine meadows of Mount St. Helens following the 1980 eruption

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Pfitsch ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mount St Helens

The deposition of 5–10 cm of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens had no more effect than subsequent yearly weather fluctuations on the net primary production of subalpine meadows. The net primary production of areas subject to cold mudflows slowly increased as surviving plants resprouted through the eroded surface and has remained below that of tephra deposition areas. The net primary production of tephra deposition areas fluctuated dramatically (coefficient of variation = 40%) in the seven summers following the eruption. An inverse relationship between net primary production and nutrient concentration of individual species contributed to stability in aboveground nutrient pools from year to year. The dominant community members responded similarly to differences among years in summer precipitation, with little evidence of compensatory growth that would help stabilize community production. Tephra greatly inhibited seedling establishment. Species density (number of species per square metre) and diversity (H′) declined in a community having species that rely on sexual reproduction for persistence and also in experimental tephra addition plots in a more species-rich community. These results indicate that although the short-term effect of tephra deposition on net primary production was minor, the long-term consequence will be of community simplification, which will contribute to fluctuation in net primary production in response to yearly weather patterns.

scholarly journals Inventory-based estimation of aboveground net primary production in Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Fang ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Z. D. Guo ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Abstract. Recent studies based on remote sensing and carbon process models have revealed that terrestrial net primary production (NPP) in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has increased significantly; this is crucial for explaining the increased terrestrial carbon sink in the past several decades. Regional NPP estimation based on significant field data, however, has been rare. In this study, we estimated the long-term changes in aboveground NPP (ANPP) for Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005 using forest inventory data, direct field measurements, and an allometric method. The overall ANPP for all forest types averaged 10.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, with a range of 9.6 to 11.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and ANPP for the whole country totaled 249.1 Tg yr−1 (range: 230.0 to 271.4 Tg yr−1) during the study period. Over the 25 years, the net effect of increased ANPP in needle-leaf forests and decreased ANPP in broadleaf forests has led to an increase of 1.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (i.e., 0.79 % yr−1). This increase may be mainly due to the establishment of plantations and the rapid early growth of these planted forests.

scholarly journals Drought dominates the interannual variability in global terrestrial net primary production by controlling semi-arid ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Huang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Aifang Chen ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Drought is a main driver of interannual variation in global terrestrial net primary production. However, how and to what extent drought impacts global NPP variability is unclear. Based on the multi-timescale drought index SPEI and a satellite-based annual global terrestrial NPP dataset, we observed a robust relationship between drought and NPP in both hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, the annual NPP trend is driven by 19-month drought variation, whereas that in the Southern Hemisphere is driven by 16-month drought variation. Drought-dominated NPP, which mainly occurs in semi-arid ecosystems, explains 29% of the interannual variation in global NPP, despite its 16% contribution to total global NPP. More surprisingly, drought prone ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere, which only account for 7% of the total global NPP, contribute to 33% of the interannual variation in global NPP. Our observations support the leading role of semi-arid ecosystems in interannual variability in global NPP and highlight the great impacts of long-term drought on the global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Inventory-based estimation of aboveground net primary production in Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1463-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Fang ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Z. D. Guo ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Abstract. Recent studies based on remote sensing and carbon process models have revealed that terrestrial net primary production (NPP) in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has increased significantly; this is crucial for explaining the increased terrestrial carbon sink in the past several decades. Regional NPP estimation based on significant field data, however, has been rare. In this study, we estimated the long-term changes in aboveground NPP (ANPP) for Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005, using forest inventory data, direct field measurements, and an allometric method. The overall ANPP for all forest types averaged 10.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, with a range of 9.6 to 11.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and ANPP for the whole country totaled 249.1 Tg yr−1 (range: 230.0 to 271.4 Tg yr−1) during the study period. Over the 25 years, the net effect of increased ANPP in needle-leaf forests and decreased ANPP in broadleaf forests has led to an increase of 1.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (i.e., 0.79% yr−1). This increase may be mainly due to the establishment of plantations and the rapid early growth of these planted forests.

Managing the herbage utilisation and intake by cattle grazing rangelands

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Oltjen ◽  
S. A. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Ecological Services ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Herbage Intake

Rangelands throughout the world provide clean water, fix solar energy in plants, sequester carbon, and offer recreational opportunities, with other ecosystem goods and services, including food from wild and domestic herbivores. Grazing rangelands with cattle requires constant management to balance the economic sustainability of the farm with other ecological services that rangelands provide. The challenges in management arise from the diversity of the rangeland forage resources at extremely large spatial and temporal scales. To be able to predict the performance of cattle grazing in extensive rangeland environments, estimating herbage intake is paramount because it quantifies energy intake and performance. Nutrient demand is the major driver of herbage intake, and characteristics of the sward and terrain of the landscape dictate how this demand is met. System models that integrate changes in weather patterns and herbage over long periods of time will allow farmers and scientist to monitor changes in herbage mass and utilisation. Dynamic models that include herbage growth components sensitive to weather patterns and animal demands are needed to predict how long-term changes in beef herd management will affect performance and range condition. Vegetation indexes captured across biomes with satellites can accurately quantify the dynamics of aboveground net primary production and changes in nutritional value with confidence. The computer software, PCRANCH, is a program for simulating cow–calf herd dynamics over long periods of time. The models within the PCRANCH software can simulate herbage growth and animal utilisation at large spatial and temporal scales needed for rangeland management and allow ranchers to evaluate the impacts of management on other ecological services. Knowing the long-term impact of management changes on swards enable ranchers to anticipate the ecological and economic benefits of improvements or demonstrate a protection of current ecological services.

scholarly journals Herbaceous Layer Net Primary Production of Oak-Hornbeam Forest: Comparing Six Methods of Assessment Based on the Seasonal Dynamics of Biomass Increments

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rawlik ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Galium Odoratum

AbstractProper estimation of the herb layer annual net primary production (ANPP) can help to appreciate the role of this layer in carbon assimilation and nutrient cycling. Simple methods of ANPP estimation often understate its value. More accurate methods take into account biomass increments of individual species but are more laborious. We conducted our study in an oak-hornbeam forest (site area 12 ha) dominated by beech in NW Poland during two growing seasons (2010 and 2011). We collected herb layer biomass from 7 to 10 square frames (0.6 × 0.6 m). We collected plant biomass every week in April and May and every two weeks for the rest of the growing season. We compared six methods of calculating ANPP. The highest current-year standing biomass (1st method of ANPP calculation) was obtained on May 15, 2010—37.8 g m−2 and May 7, 2011—41.0 g m−2. The highest values of ANPP were obtained by the 6th method based on the sum of the highest products of shoot biomass and density for individual species: 74.3 g m−2 year−1 in 2010 and 94.0 g m−2 year−1 in 2011. The spring ephemeral Anemone nemorosa had the highest share of ANPP with 50% of the total ANPP. Two summer-greens, Galeobdolon luteum and Galium odoratum, each had a ca. 10% share of ANPP. The best results of ANPP calculation resulted from laborious tracking of dynamics of biomass and density of individual shoots.

Exploring long-term trends in land use change and aboveground human appropriation of net primary production in nine European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 426-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Gingrich ◽  
Maria Niedertscheider ◽  
Thomas Kastner ◽  
Helmut Haberl ◽  
Georgia Cosor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Long Term Trends

Long term trend of increasing iron stress in Southern Ocean phytoplankton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Thomalla ◽  
Thomas Ryan-Keogh ◽  
Alessandro Tagliabue ◽  
Pedro Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Net primary production is a major contributor to carbon export in the Southern Ocean and supports rich marine ecosystems [Henley et al., 2020], driven in part by high macronutrient availability and summertime light levels, but ultimately constrained by seasonal changes in light and scarce supply of the essential micronutrient iron [Martin et al., 1990; Boyd, 2002; Tagliabue et al., 2016]. Although changing iron stress is a component of climate-driven trends in model projections of net primary production [Bopp et al., 2013; Laufkotter et al., 2015; Kwiatkowski et al., 2020], our confidence in the accuracy of their predictions is undermined by a lack of <em>in situ</em> constraints at appropriate spatial and temporal scales [Tagliabue et al., 2016; Tagliabue et al., 2020]. Earth System Models tend to predict increased Southern Ocean net primary production by the end of the 21st century, but are characterized by significant inter-model disagreement [Bopp et al., 2013; Kwiatkowski et al., 2020 Biogeosciences].  We show a significant multi-decadal increase in <em>in situ</em> iron stress from 1996 to 2020 that is positively correlated to the Southern Annular Mode and reflected by diminishing <em>in situ</em> net primary production over the last five years. It is not possible to directly infer Fe stress from observed concentrations, which necessitate experimental approaches (<em>in situ</em> open ocean fertilization / bottle nutrient addition experiments or proteomics). These experimental methods cannot be easily applied at appropriate spatial and temporal scales across the Southern Ocean that are required to assess trends in ecosystem status linked to climate drivers. Our novel proxy for <em>in situ</em> iron stress is based on the degree of non-photochemical quenching in relation to available light as a measurable photophysiological response to iron availability [Alderkamp et al., 2019; Schuback & Tortell, 2019; Schallenberg et al., 2020; Ryan-Keogh & Thomalla, 2020]. The proxy was able to reproduce expected variations in iron stress that occur seasonally [Boyd, 2002] and from natural and artificial fertilization [Boyd et al., 2000; Coale et al., 2004; Blain et al., 2008]. A particular strength of this iron stress proxy is that it can be retrospectively applied to data from ships and autonomous platforms with coincident measurements of fluorescence, photosynthetically active radiation and backscatter or beam attenuation to deliver a long-term time series. An iron stress trend of this magnitude in the Southern Ocean, where the primary constraint on net primary production is known to be iron limitation, is likely to have significant implications for the effectiveness of the biological carbon pump globally and may impact the trajectory of climate. The progressive <em>in situ</em> trend of increasing iron stress is however much stronger than net primary production trends from a suite of remote sensing and earth system models, indicating hitherto potential underestimation of ongoing Southern Ocean change.</p>

scholarly journals Long-term trajectories of the human appropriation of net primary production: Lessons from six national case studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Krausmann ◽  
Simone Gingrich ◽  
Helmut Haberl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Erb ◽  
Annabella Musel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Net Primary Production

The Environments and Primary Production of Cushion Species at Mt Field and Mt Wellington, Tasmania

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cushion Plants ◽  
High Degree

Primary production of four species of alpine cushion plants were studied over a 2-year period. The climate of these areas was found to be severe but with a high degree of variability on a seasonal and yearly basis. The growing season at the higher altitude sites generally exceeded 6 months. Net above ground primary production of the four cushion species ranged from 282 to 709 g m-2 year-1. Reproductive effort fluctuated between species and years, ranging from 0 to 30% of net above ground production. Patterns in dry matter accumulation suggest no individual species would show consistently superior growth rates under present climatic conditions. Soil moisture and soil nutrient status was found to be similar between all sites. Altitude of the sites (830-1400 m) was found to be strongly correlated with the timing of flowering and/or seed set but appeared to have little effect on net primary production.

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