Water relations, gas exchange, and early growth rates of outcrossed and selfed Pinus banksiana families

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1618-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Blake ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Positive Correlations

Seedlings of six outcrossed jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) families from a diallel cross of jack pine were mainly larger than those of three selfed families at the time they were transplanted to the field in Ontario. Outcrossed families also exhibited a greater absolute and relative (percent) growth in total dry matter at the end of the first growing season. Outcrossed families exhibited a higher net photosynthesis, a lower transpiration rate, and a higher water use efficiency on hot, but not mild, days in mid-August. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthesis were greater in outcrossed families in September. There were significant, positive correlations between stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and shoot and root growth in August and September. The results suggest that maintenance of a higher stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis until late in the growing season may contribute to the faster growth rates observed in outcrossed families.

Influence of biochar and microorganisms co-application on the remediation and maize productivity in cadmium-contaminated soil.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasih Ullah Haider ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sardar Alam Cheema ◽  
Noor ul Ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The synergistic effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and on cereal plant physiology remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to evaluate the combined effects of biochar pyrolyzed from (maize-straw (BC1), cow-manure (BC2), and poultry-manure (BC3), and microorganisms including (T. harzianum L. and B. subtilis L.), to evaluate, how incorporation of biochar positively influences microorganisms growth and nutrients uptake in plant, and how it mitigates under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30ppm). Cd2 (30 ppm) had the highest reduction in the intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate, which were 22.36, 34.50, 40.45, 20.66, 29.07, and 22.41% respectively lower than control Cd0 (0 ppm). Sole application BC, resulted in enhanced intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were recorded in BC2, which were 7.27, 20.54, 23.80, 5.96, 13.37, and 13.50% respectively greater as compared to control and decreased the Cd-concentration in root and shoot of maize by 34.07 and 32.53%, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, among sole microorganism’s inoculation, minimized the Cd-concentration in shoot, root, and soil by 23.77, 20.15, and 10.35% respectively than control. These results suggested that integrated application of cow manure biochar BC2 and inoculation of microorganisms MI3 as soil amendments had synergistic effects in improving the adsorption of nutrients and decreasing the Cd-uptake in maize, and enhancing the physiology of plant grown in Cd-polluted soils as opposed to using either biochar or inoculating microorganisms alone.

scholarly journals Effects of pH and Mineral Nutrition on Growth and Physiological Responses of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides), Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), and White Spruce (Picea glauca) Seedlings in Sand Culture

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
High Ph

Responses of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings to root zone pH ranging from 5 to 9 were studied in sand culture in the presence of two mineral nutrition levels. After eight weeks of treatments, effects of pH on plant dry weights varied between the plant species and were relatively minor in white spruce. Higher nutrient supply significantly increased dry weights only in trembling aspen subjected to pH 5 treatment. There was little effect of pH and nutrition level on net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in white spruce and jack pine, but net photosynthesis markedly declined in aspen at high pH. Chlorophyll concentrations in young foliage decreased the most in trembling aspen and jack pine. The effects of high pH treatments on the concentrations of Mg, P, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Fe in young foliage varied between the plant species with no significant decreases of Fe and Zn recorded in trembling aspen and white spruce, respectively. This was in contrast to earlier reports from the studies carried out in hydroponic culture. The sand culture system that we developed could be a more suitable alternative to hydroponics to study plant responses to pH in the root zone. Plant responses to high pH appear to involve complex events with a likely contribution of nutritional effects and altered water transport processes.

scholarly journals Jack Pine Regeneration Following Postcut Burning under Seed Trees in Central Saskatchewan

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Slash Burning

An experimental burn in conjunction with a seed-tree system was successful in regenerating jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) on a fresh to somewhat moist upland, loamy till, cutover site in central Saskatchewan. About 20 well-formed, uniformly spaced seed trees per hectare were left standing during timber harvest. The ignition of logging slash was carried out under preselected weather and fuel conditions so that favorable seedbeds and adequate seed dispersal from the seed trees were produced. Four growing seasons after burning, jack pine stocking by 4-m2 quadrats was 90% with 12 195 seedlings/ha. Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), to a lesser degree black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), and other companion tree species also regenerated with the pine. Various seedbed and regeneration characteristics as well as height growth rates are discussed. Key words: Pinus banksiana, slash burning, seed-tree system, forest regeneration, growth rates, central Saskatchewan.

Comparison of growth and physiology of layers and naturally established seedlings of black spruce in a boreal cutover in Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Marie R Coyea
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Growth and physiology of layers versus naturally established seedlings of boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) were compared 15 years after a cutover in Quebec. During the first 8 years, height growth of seedlings was greater than that of layers, averaging 10.4 and 7.0 cm/year, respectively. For the last 5 years, annual height growth of layers and seedlings did not differ (25 cm/year; p > 0.05). Over the entire 15-year period, total height growth of seedlings (251 cm) was greater than that of layers (220 cm), although total height did not differ (p > 0.05) over the last 6 years. During the 15th growing season, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for predawn shoot water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular to ambient CO2 ratio, water use efficiency, and hydraulic conductance between layers and seedlings. For diurnal shoot water potential, seedlings showed slightly less stress than layers on two of the four sampling dates. Thus, in the first few years following the cutover, the slower growth observed for layers indicated that they had a longer acclimation period following the cutover. Afterwards, similar height growth, total height, and physiological characteristics of the two regeneration types indicated that layers can perform as well as naturally established seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 5. Changes in free arginine and Sakaguchi-reactive compounds during callus growth and in germinating seedlings of similar genetic origin

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Friable Callus

In friable callus, grown on a defined medium with arginine, and in jack pine seedlings, from which callus was derived, at least 18 Sakaguchi-reactive compounds and two N-phosphoryl derivatives were detected. When final size of callus was reached, the N in these substances contributed 0.1% to the total gain in dry weight and less than 0.6% to the gain in N. This was equivalent to a loss of 3 to 7% of the arginine N in the medium. For each callus, the total content of Sakaguchi-reactive compounds increased as the relative growth rates for weight and volume decreased. The increase was more pronounced when daughter cells adhered to clumps than at earlier stages when cells separated from one another. On a unit weight basis and as the cultures reached final size, the total Sakaguchi-reactive substances fell as γ-guanidinobutyric acid increasingly dominated the guanidine fraction. Exogenously supplied γ-guanidinobutyric acid caused a decrease in the final size of the cultured calluses when compared with calluses supplied with arginine. Levels of some of the remaining unidentified guanidines correlated positively with growth rates of calluses. By contrast, during the first 10 days of seedling growth Sakaguchi-reactive compounds contributed 12% of the net gain in N. The sequence of dominance of guanidines during growth was similar in both callus types and in seedlings, although some differences were noted.

Changes of Photosynthetic Parameters in Jatropha curcas L. Leaves under Cobalt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
Kamal Kant Patra ◽  
Deepti Oberoi ◽  
Rajat Kumar Joshi ◽  
Raghunath Prasad ◽  
Dharam Deo Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cobalt Toxicity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
Increasing Trends

In the present investigation, changes of photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate (PN); stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and water-use efficiency (WUE) were studied in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas cv. DARL-2) under different concentrations of cobalt (Co) (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg kg-1) toxicity. The PN, gs, and E trends were shown in increasing trends up to 200 mg kg-1 Co in comparison to controlled plants. However, trends of WUE and photosynthetic pigments [chlorophyll a, b, (a+b), and carotenoids] were found in decreasing order in all concentrations of cobalt stress as compared to controlled plants. The PN value was ~1.33, and ~2.44 fold higher in 100 and 200 mg kg-1 but decreased ~2.61, ~6.86, and ~15.40 fold in 400, 600, and 800 mg kg-1 cobalt treatment, respectively. Similarly, the gs rate was ~1.33, and ~1.69 fold higher in 100 and 200 mg kg-1 but decreased ~1.89, ~3.38, and ~8.71 fold in 400, 600, and 800 mg kg-1 cobalt treatment. The E was significantly ~1.44, ~2.74, and ~1.35 fold higher in 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 decreased ~1.03 and ~1.43 fold in 600 and 800 mg kg-1. The WUE was ~0.93, ~0.89, ~3.50, ~6.51, and ~10.76 fold decreased in all Co treated plants. In addition, the content of photosynthetic pigments [chlorophyll a, b, (a+b), and carotenoids] was varying in all Co treated plants. All studied plants were survived morphologically up to 800 mg kg-1 but seedlings were not survived due to severe cobalt toxicity stress in 1000 mg kg-1. Among studied plants, Jatropha seedlings showed the best survival potential under 200 mg kg-1 Co stress.

scholarly journals Brachiaria physiological parameters in agroforestry systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Valadão ◽  
Fabiana Lopes Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Diniz Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the effects of Eucalyptus and maize shading on characteristics related to water use by Brachiaria in agroforestry systems. Treatments were arranged in a split-split-plot design, with plots consisting of different spacing between Eucalyptus plants (12.0×2.0m and 12.0×4.0m), split-plots of different distances between Brachiaria and Eucalyptus (6.0, 4.0, and 2.0m), and split-split-plots of Brachiaria sowing sites (maize row and inter-row). One treatment with Brachiaria under full sunlight was included. Bread grass intercropping in maize inter-rows associated with the densest Eucalyptus spacing and bread grass proximity to Eucalyptus tree crowns adversely affected the stomatal conductance, internal carbon, and transpiration rate of bread grass. Water use efficiency of bread grass intercropped in maize rows decreased, regardless of the Eucalyptus plot design and distance between forages and trees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document