Natural hybridization between Stellaria longipes and Stellaria borealis (Caryophyllaceae)

Multivariate principal components analyses of seven morphological characters of a putative hybrid population (located at Plateau Mountain, Kananaskis, Alberta) indicated the occurrence of hybridization between Stellaria longipes and Stellaria borealis. Although the putative hybrid population had intermediate morphology between the two species, it clustered closer to that of S. longipes. Electrophoretic analysis of 15 isozyme loci confirmed that the putative hybrid population was a result of hybridization and possibly introgression. Unique alleles of both species were present in the hybrid, although they were more often attributable to S. longipes. The genetic identity and the level of genetic variability of the hybrid was of an intermediate level between the two species, but closer to that of S. longipes. Key words: natural hybridization, Stellaria longipes, Stellaria borealis, introgression, isozymes.

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A new hybrid from Taiwan, Elatostema ×hybrida (Urticaceae), is the first confirmed natural hybrid for Urticaceae

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.161.1.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yu-Hsin Tseng ◽

Jer-Ming Hu

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Dispersal ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Natural Hybrid ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Dna Sequence Data

Explosive pollen dispersal is common in Urticaceae and they are thought to be wind-pollinated. Despite a lack of obvious mechanism for preventing cross-species pollination, putative hybrid species in Urticaceae are rarely documented. Here we described the first natural hybrid in Urticaceae Elatostema ×hybrida from Taiwan. Morphological characters in E. ×hybrida are intermediate between putative parental species: E. lineolatum var. majus and E. platyphylloides. Six hybrid populations of E. ×hybrida were found in Taiwan that exhibited largely overlapping distribution patterns with its putative parents. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that the hybrid species is more closely related to E. lineolatum var. majus suggesting that the latter is the maternal parent and that hybridization is unidirectional. The chromosome number of E. ×hybrida remains the same as its putative parents (2n = 26). We speculate that the examined hybrids are natural first-generation results of independent hybridization events. Based on the morphology, spatial distribution, DNA sequence data, pollen viability and cytological observations, we hypothesize that E. ×hybrida is derived from natural hybridization events between E. lineolatum var. majus (♀) and E. platyphylloides (♂).

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Pollen viability and germinability of putative Bursera hybrids (section Bullockia; Burseraceae) in Mexico

Acta Botanica Mexicana ◽

10.21829/abm126.2019.1435 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yessica Rico ◽

Leticia Reyes Estanislao

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Hybrid Population ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Genetic Introgression ◽

Hybrid Fitness ◽

Tetrazolium Chloride ◽

Ploidy Levels

Background and Aims: The genus Bursera (~100 species) has its center of diversification and endemism in Mexico. Interspecific hybridization is a frequent phenomenon in Bursera in areas where related species coexist. Hybridization on the one hand can reinforce reproductive barriers, increase genetic variation, generate novel ecotypes and new lineages, and on the other hand, can lead to maladaptation. However, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of natural hybridization critically depend on hybrid fitness. In this study, within a putative hybrid population in the tropical dry forest of the Bajío region in Mexico and as a proxy of hybrid fitness, we investigated pollen viability among Bursera cuneata, B. bipinnata, and their putative hybrid.Methods: We used two techniques: a pollen staining test with tetrazolium chloride 1% and an in vitro germination test to observe the formation of pollen tubes. Viability percentages were calculated for each group; statistical tests were conducted with general linear models. Key results: Results demonstrated that the putative hybrid is not sterile and exhibited higher germination rates relative to the parental species. Conclusions: Our results imply that gene flow between the parental species and the putative hybrid is likely to occur. Future genetic studies should confirm the genetic identity and ploidy levels of hybrids and evaluate whether genetic introgression has occurred. Our study demonstrates that Bursera hybrids can be fertile and contributes towards understanding the role of hybridization and reproductive isolation in Mexican Bursera species.

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Genome size and phenotypic variation of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) species from Eastern Europe and temperate Asia

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2015.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magdalena Anna Dąbrowska ◽

Kaja Rola ◽

Polina Volkova ◽

Jan Suda ◽

Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Genome Size ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Hybrid Individual ◽

Intermediate Morphology ◽

Temperate Asia ◽

Species Specific

Despite long-term research, the aquatic genus Nymphaea still possesses major taxonomic challenges. High phenotypic plasticity and possible interspecific hybridization often make it impossible to identify individual specimens. The main aim of this study was to assess phenotypic variation in Nymphaea taxa sampled over a wide area of Eastern Europe and temperate Asia. Samples were identified based on species-specific genome sizes and diagnostic morphological characters for each taxon were then selected. A total of 353 specimens from 32 populations in Poland, Russia and Ukraine were studied, with nine biometric traits being examined. Although some specimens morphologically matched N. ×borealis (a hybrid between N. alba and N. candida) according to published determination keys, only one hybrid individual was revealed based on genome size data. Other specimens with intermediate morphology possessed genome size corresponding to N. alba, N. candida or N. tetragona. This indicates that natural hybridization between N. alba and N. candida is not as frequent as previously suggested. Our results also revealed a considerably higher variation in the studied morphological traits (especially the quantitative ones) in N. alba and N. candida than reported in the literature. A determination key for the investigated Nymphaea species is provided, based on taxonomically-informative morphological characters identified in our study.

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Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Rosa lichiangensis (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.222.3.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhangming Zhu ◽

Xinfen Gao

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Single Copy ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Nuclear Marker

Natural hybridization was assumed to play a significant role in the diversification of Rosa. Rosa lichiangensis was suspected to be of hybrid origin based on its intermediate morphological characters between R. soulieana and R. multiflora var. cathayensis. In this study, four chloroplast regions (ndhC-trnV, ndhF-rpl32, ndhJ-trnF, and psbJ-petA) and a single copy nuclear marker (GAPDH) were used to test the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis. The results from molecular data supported the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis and further identified R. soulieana as its maternal progenitor and R. multiflora var. cathayensis as the paternal progenitor.

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Genetic variability in the natural populations of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), detected by RAPD markers and by esterase isozymes

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485315000723 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Coelho-Bortolo ◽

C.A. Mangolin ◽

A.S. Lapenta

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Effective Control ◽

Lasioderma Serricorne ◽

Control Programs ◽

Dried Fruit ◽

High Level ◽

High Degree

AbstractLasioderma serricorne (F.) is a small cosmopolitan beetle regarded as a destructive pest of several stored products such as grains, flour, spices, dried fruit and tobacco. Chemical insecticides are one of the measures used against the pest. However, intensive insecticide use has resulted in the appearance of resistant insect populations. Therefore, for the elaboration of more effective control programs, it is necessary to know the biological aspects of L. serricorne. Among these aspects, the genetic variability knowledge is very important and may help in the development of new control methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of 11 natural populations of L. serricorne collected respectively in three and four towns in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil, using 20 primers random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymorphisms of esterases. These primers produced 352 polymorphic bands. Electrophoretic analysis of esterases allowed the identification of four polymorphic loci (Est-2, Est-4, Est-5 and Est-6) and 18 alleles. Results show that populations are genetically differentiated and there is a high level of genetic variability within populations. The high degree of genetic differentiation is not directly correlated to geographical distance. Thus, our data indicate that movement of infested commodities may contribute to the dissemination of L. serricorne, facilitating gene flow.

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Assessment of genetic variability among selected species of Apocynaceae

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-010-0134-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tariq Mahmood ◽

Anna Iqbal ◽

Nazia Nazar ◽

Ishrat Naveed ◽

Bilal Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Alstonia Scholaris ◽

Thevetia Peruviana

AbstractFamily Apocynaceae is an economically important family grown as ornamental plants and many wild species have medicinal uses as well. The aim of the present study was to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among the selected individuals of Apocynaceae. For this purpose, three species of different genera of Apocynaceae, Thevetia peruviana, Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus, were collected from Rawalpindi and Quaid-i-Azam University forest, Islamabad. To evaluate the level of polymorphism within the species and members of different species, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used. A series of OPC RAPD primers were used; only six primers of OPC series gave amplification. Highest genetic variation at interspecific and intraspecific levels was shown by OPC 9 and the lowest polymorphism was observed in OPC 4. The data was analyzed by using software Statistica 5.5. In total 105 monomorphic and 272 polymorphic bands were produced from all primers. Therefore, out of 322 amplified products, 26% were monomorphic and 68% were polymorphic. Low genetic diversification was observed both at intraspecific and interspecific level. At the molecular level Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus (subfamily Plumerioideae) appeared in a group and Thevetia peruviana (subfamily Rauvolfoideae) formed another group, confirming the classification based on morphological characters.

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VARIABILITAS GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KENTANG

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.19.2.2013.7164 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ventje Pangemanan ◽

D. S. Runtunuwu ◽

J. Pongoh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Wide Sense ◽

Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the genetic variability and heritability of morphological characters of some genotypes of potato at the Seed Station in Linelean Village, Modoinding of South Minahasa Regency. The results showed that, the relatively narrow range of genotypes variance for all the characters observed. The coefficient of variance genotypes for plant height, at 14, 42 and 56 DAP (Days After Planting) was relatively narrow, whereas at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 DAP relatively wide. For the character of the number of leaves at 7 and 14 DAP are wide and at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 DAP relatively narrow. For the character of leaf area at 7 and 14 DAP were wide and at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 DAP relatively narrow. For the character of the number of harvest tubers per plant and weight per tuber harvest were wide. Wide sense heritability were high for all the characters observed, except for plant height at 7 and 56 DAP were classified as moderate. Keywords: genotype variance, coefficient variance of genotype and heritability ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas genetik dan heritabilitas karakter morfologis beberapa genotipe kentang di Balai Benih Desa Linelean Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam genotipe tergolong sempit untuk semua karakter yang diamati. Koefisien ragam genotipe untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, pada 14, 42 dan 56 HST (Hari Setelah Tanam) tergolong sempit, sedangkan pada 7, 21, 28, 35 dan 42 HST tergolong luas. Untuk karakter jumlah daun pada 7 dan 14 HST tergolong luas dan pada 21, 28, 35, 42 dan 49 HST tergolong sempit. Untuk karakter luas daun pada 7 dan 14 HST tergolong luas dan pada 21, 28, 35, 42 dan 49 HST tergolong sempit. Untuk karakter jumlah umbi panen per tanaman dan berat per umbi panen tergolong luas. Heritabilitas arti luas semua karakter tergolong tinggi, kecuali untuk karakter tinggi tanaman pada 7 dan 56 HST yang tergolong sedang. Eugenia Volume 19 No. 2 Agustus 2013 Kata kunci: ragam genotipe, koefisien ragam genotipe dan heritabilitas

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GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION FOR SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN 20 DURUM WHEAT ACCESSIONS.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/2131 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 670-674

Author(s):

KhalidA.M. Hassan ◽

◽

ShihabEldeen E.Hassan. ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Morphological Characters

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The identity of Erica flavisepala

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v12i2.1395 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 195-197

Author(s):

E. G. H. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Sympatric Populations

The recording of a few scattered plants of E. flavisepala Guth. Bol. among sympatric populations of two other species led to a comparison of their morphological characters. From this comparison a putative hybrid origin was indicated, thus E. x flavisepala Guth. Bol.=E. thunbergii Montin X E. sphaerocephala Wendl.

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Keragaman Mutan Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif; Diversity of Sesame Mutants (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Qualitative Characters

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/btsm.v13n1.2021.1-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Vina Eka Aristya

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Second Phase ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Mutant Lines

ABSTRAKSesamum indicum L. adalah salah satu tanaman alternatif penghasil minyak nabati penting. Pendekatan pemuliaan melalui induksi mutasi berusaha untuk menghasilkan variabilitas baru populasi wijen, yang secara umum tersusun dari individu homozigot. Karakter morfologi berguna untuk mengidentifikasi galur dan memastikan hasil pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi wijen hasil mutasi berdasarkan 26 karakter kualitatif. Penggalian informasi dengan metode analisis kelompok juga dikaji untuk menggambarkan variabilitas genetik pada 57 galur mutan wijen (jenis hitam dan putih) generasi M4 dan M5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap: tahap pertama terdiri 18 galur generasi M4, dievaluasi pada Maret-Agustus 2015; tahap kedua terdiri atas 39 galur M5, ditanam pada November 2015 hingga April 2016. Pemeriksaan penampilan kualitatif mengikuti panduan descriptor list untuk wijen. Secara umum, penilaian representatif dari sifat kualitatif pada galur mutan wijen generasi M4 akan diikuti oleh keturunan generasi M5. Dendrogram dibangun untuk membedakan galur menjadi kelompok berdasarkan matriks tingkat kemiripan. Struktur populasi utama dari 57 galur berdasarkan sifat kualitatif dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok besar. Materi genotipe kelompok I diklasifikasikan menjadi dua sub-kelompok, terdiri 17 dan 31 galur. Sub-kelompok ini menjadi bagian distribusi genotipe terbesar. Kelompok II tersusun oleh 9 galur, mayoritas dari M4. Nilai korelasi antar karakter bervariasi antara 0,7176 hingga 1,0. Keragaman morfologi antar galur wijen dipengaruhi oleh sifat genetik dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Studi ini membantu seleksi galur terpilih berdasarkan kestabilan fenotipe. Evaluasi keragaman struktur populasi wijen mutan bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan.ABSTRACTSesamum indicum L. is one of the alternative crops that produces vegetative oil. The plant breeding approach through mutation induction could produce new genetic variability in sesame populations, which are generally composed of homozygous individuals. The study aims were to determine the diversity of sesame-mutant lines based on 26 qualitative characters. Cluster analysis method was carried out to describe the genetic variability of 57 sesame mutant lines (consist of black and white types) 4th (M4) and 5th generations (M5). The study was done in two phases, the first phases consisted of 18 M4 lines planted in March-August 2015; the second phase consisted 39 M5 lines planted in November 2015 to April 2016. Analyses of qualitative morphological characters followed the descriptors list for sesame. In general, a representative assessment of qualitative traits in M4 lines will be followed by the offspring of M5. Dendrogram showed that the 57 mutant lines categorized into two major clusters. Cluster I were composed of two sub-clusters, consisting 17 and 31 lines. This sub-cluster was the largest part of the genotype distribution. Cluster II composed of 9 lines, where M4 were the majority. The correlation value between characters ranged from 0.7176 up to 1.0. Morphological diversity among lines were largely influenced by genetic rather than environmental factors. This study supports the selection of lines based on phenotype stability. Evaluation of the structural diversity of mutant-sesame populations could be applied in sesame-breeding programs.

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