scholarly journals Genome size and phenotypic variation of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) species from Eastern Europe and temperate Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Anna Dąbrowska ◽  
Kaja Rola ◽  
Polina Volkova ◽  
Jan Suda ◽  
Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Temperate Asia ◽  
Species Specific

Despite long-term research, the aquatic genus <em>Nymphaea</em> still possesses major taxonomic challenges. High phenotypic plasticity and possible interspecific hybridization often make it impossible to identify individual specimens. The main aim of this study was to assess phenotypic variation in <em>Nymphaea</em> taxa sampled over a wide area of Eastern Europe and temperate Asia. Samples were identified based on species-specific genome sizes and diagnostic morphological characters for each taxon were then selected. A total of 353 specimens from 32 populations in Poland, Russia and Ukraine were studied, with nine biometric traits being examined. Although some specimens morphologically matched <em>N. ×borealis</em> (a hybrid between <em>N. alba</em> and <em>N. candida</em>) according to published determination keys, only one hybrid individual was revealed based on genome size data. Other specimens with intermediate morphology possessed genome size corresponding to <em>N. alba</em>, <em>N. candida</em> or <em>N. tetragona</em>. This indicates that natural hybridization between <em>N. alba</em> and <em>N. candida</em> is not as frequent as previously suggested. Our results also revealed a considerably higher variation in the studied morphological traits (especially the quantitative ones) in <em>N. alba</em> and <em>N. candida</em> than reported in the literature. A determination key for the investigated <em>Nymphaea</em> species is provided, based on taxonomically-informative morphological characters identified in our study.

Pleuroxus denticulatus and P. procurvus (Cladocera, Chydoridae) in North America: distribution, experimental hybridization, and the possibility of natural hybridization

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Shan ◽  
David G. Frey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Continental Glaciation

In North America the two closely related Pleuroxus procurvus and P. denticulatus are presently sympatric over much of the region of continental glaciation and commonly occur in the same water bodies. Pleuroxus denticulatus extends southward quite generally through the United States into Middle America, whereas P. procurvus extends southward into New Mexico only at high elevations in the western mountains. Some early attempts at crossing northern with southern populations of P. denticulatus yielded a few hybrid offspring that were abnormal on hatching or otherwise died before reaching maturity, suggesting that two different taxa are involved. Attempts at crossing site sympatric populations of the two species in the laboratory yielded a single hybrid individual, which developed a clone with intermediate morphology. Hybrid males and ephippial females were incapable of mating successfully with themselves or with either parent. Thus, it is quite likely these species are incapable of hybridizing in nature. The two reports from North America of the European P. truncatus, which grossly resembles P. procurvus, are regarded as misidentifications. Pleuroxus uncinatus from Europe superficially resembles the experimental hybrid, but the several reports of P. uncinatus from the Pacific Northwest are regarded instead as possibly an undescribed species.

scholarly journals Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-637
Author(s):  
Weerachon Sawangproh ◽  
Annick S. Lang ◽  
Lars Hedenäs ◽  
Nils Cronberg
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Pleurocarpous Mosses

AbstractHybridization in bryophytes involves a fusion of gametes produced by haploid parental gametophytes of different species. The primary hybrid is thus the short-lived diploid sporophyte, which soon undergoes meiosis prior to the formation of large amounts of haploid spores. We compared morphology of gametophytes (branch leaves) and sporophytes (capsule inclination) from sympatric populations and allopatric populations of H. lutescens and H. sericeum. In addition, we used transcriptome data to select 85 nuclear SNP markers that were fixed for alternative alleles in the two species. The SNPs were used to estimate the degree of hybridization in diploid sporophytes. Our study shows that gametophytes from sympatric populations display intermediate morphology in a number of leaf characters, with exception for leaf sizes, which are markedly smaller than those in allopatric populations. None of the 100 sporophytes appeared to be primary hybrids, but 33 displayed admixing—heterozygotic expression of SNP markers or mismatch of occasional markers in homozygous condition—suggesting that extensive introgression takes place in the sympatric populations. Most sporophytes with intermediate capsule inclination, initially classed as putative hybrids, did not display admixture of nuclear SNP markers. Sixty-seven percent of admixed sporophytes have predominantly nuclear SNPs typical for H. lutescens. Our results suggest that interspecific hybridization and bidirectional introgression are relatively common in the studied sympatric populations, giving rise to viable recombinants, but not complete mixing of the parental genomes. Our study is one of the first detailed accounts of hybridization among pleurocarpous mosses, opening for future studies of gene transfer and introgression between bryophyte lineages and its role in local adaptation and long-term evolutionary diversification.

Natural hybridization between Stellaria longipes and Stellaria borealis (Caryophyllaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1717-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. N. Emery ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Stellaria Longipes ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Isozyme Loci

Multivariate principal components analyses of seven morphological characters of a putative hybrid population (located at Plateau Mountain, Kananaskis, Alberta) indicated the occurrence of hybridization between Stellaria longipes and Stellaria borealis. Although the putative hybrid population had intermediate morphology between the two species, it clustered closer to that of S. longipes. Electrophoretic analysis of 15 isozyme loci confirmed that the putative hybrid population was a result of hybridization and possibly introgression. Unique alleles of both species were present in the hybrid, although they were more often attributable to S. longipes. The genetic identity and the level of genetic variability of the hybrid was of an intermediate level between the two species, but closer to that of S. longipes. Key words: natural hybridization, Stellaria longipes, Stellaria borealis, introgression, isozymes.

Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Rosa lichiangensis (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangming Zhu ◽  
Xinfen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Marker

Natural hybridization was assumed to play a significant role in the diversification of Rosa. Rosa lichiangensis was suspected to be of hybrid origin based on its intermediate morphological characters between R. soulieana and R. multiflora var. cathayensis. In this study, four chloroplast regions (ndhC-trnV, ndhF-rpl32, ndhJ-trnF, and psbJ-petA) and a single copy nuclear marker (GAPDH) were used to test the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis. The results from molecular data supported the hybrid origin of R. lichiangensis and further identified R. soulieana as its maternal progenitor and R. multiflora var. cathayensis as the paternal progenitor.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES AND FERTILIZER OF THE OIL RADISH ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULAR-VITALITY METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsytsiura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the features of the phytocenology of agrophytocenoses of oil radish using different methods for assessing their condition and studying the tactics of the plant vitality strategy. A comprehensive assessment was made of the effect of changes in row spacing, seeding rates and fertilizer rates on the formation of various plant morphotypes, the variability of morphological characters and the general characteristics of plant viability. Three idiotypes of the plant oil radish were identified in a vertical study of agrophytocenosis, on the basis of which a detailed analysis of the variability of each group and a statistical assessment of the reliability of its existence were carried out. The features of the morphological integration of each tier are analyzed and its impact on the formation of the overall field productivity is evaluated. Based on the modular and vitality grouping, the effectiveness and feasibility of combining various options for plant density and fertilizer in the range of 30-90 kg of active substance per 1 ha were evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the desired model of agrophytocenosis of oil radish based on the characteristics of its vital tactics and the goals of its growing. Grouping was carried out according to a variety of morphological traits of plants in the population and the possibilities of applying the basic patterns of phytocenology in their application to radish oilseed plants were evaluated. Through the use of regression analysis, the influence of climatic conditions on the formation of various morphological types of plants and the nature of the relationship of plants of oil radish in cenoses of various densities against the background of various fertilizer options has been evaluated. The main promising areas for further research on the peculiarities of creating highly productive and highly adaptable agrophytocenoses of oil radish have been outlined.

scholarly journals Effects of reindeer grazing and recovery after cessation of grazing on the ground-dwelling spider assemblage in Finnish Lapland

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7330
Author(s):  
Teemu Saikkonen ◽  
Varpu Vahtera ◽  
Seppo Koponen ◽  
Otso Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

The effect of reindeer Rangifer tarandus L. grazing on the ground-dwelling spider assemblage in Northern Finland was studied. Changes in species richness, abundance and evenness of spider assemblages were analyzed in relation to changes in vegetation and environmental factors in long term grazed and ungrazed sites as well as sites that had recently switched from grazed to ungrazed and vice versa. Grazing was found to have a significant impact on height and biomass of lichens and other ground vegetation. However, it seemed not to have an impact on the total abundance of spiders. This is likely caused by opposing family and species level responses of spiders to the grazing regime. Lycosid numbers were highest in grazed and linyphiid numbers in ungrazed areas. Lycosidae species richness was highest in ungrazed areas whereas Linyphiidae richness showed no response to grazing. Four Linyphiidae, one Thomisidae and one Lycosidae species showed strong preference for specific treatments. Sites that had recovered from grazing for nine years and the sites that were grazed for the last nine years but were previously ungrazed resembled the long term grazed sites. The results emphasize the importance of reindeer as a modifier of boreal forest ecosystems but the impact of reindeer grazing on spiders seems to be family and species specific. The sites with reversed grazing treatment demonstrate that recovery from strong grazing pressure at these high latitudes is a slow process whereas reindeer can rapidly change the conditions in previously ungrazed sites similar to long term heavily grazed conditions.

scholarly journals Development of specific markers for the detection of Tolypella canadensis eDNA in water samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Wiebe ◽  
Petra Nowak ◽  
Hendrik Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Scale Integration

Assessing the biodiversity of an ecosystem plays a major role in ecosystem management. However, proper determination on species-level is often tricky when morphological features are scarce and especially rare species require huge sampling efforts to be detected in the aquatic realm. As an alternative to conventional methods, environmental samples can be examined via the eDNA method, allowing for large-scale integration as well as taxa resolution independent from expression of morphological characters. However, to apply this technique genetic markers that are specific to a species or at least a genus are required. Such markers until now have been successfully developed only for a few well studied taxonomic groups like, e.g., fishes and amphibians, but are still missing for others, especially plants and algae (e.g. Bista et al. 2017). This project focusses on the development of species-specific markers for the macrophytic green algae Tolypella canadensis (Characeae, Charophyta), a rare alga preferring deep water and known so far mainly from remote places. Tolypella canadensis is a circumpolar species and prefers oligotrophic lakes, where it grows in depths up to 13 m (Langangen 2002; Romanov and Kopyrina 2016). In addition, proper determination of Tolypella-species is a field of a few specialists, further complicating monitoring or even detection of this rare species. The design of the species-specific primers was based on reference nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast genes rbcL, psbC and atpB and of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, obtained from GenBank (Perez et al. 2017). To determine the specificity of the newly designed primers, DNA isolates obtained from T. canadensis specimens collected from the Torneträsk (Sweden, 2018) and other charophyte species were prepared in different proportions. The sensitivity of the primers was experimentally assayed by using serial dilutions of T. canadensis DNA. Additionally, a mock test comprised of a sample with the DNA of several charophyte species was conducted and finally, the markers were tested on environmental samples from the Torneträsk. Tolypella canadensis-specific primers of the ITS2 region yielded positive PCR amplifications of one single band when T. canadensis was present in a sample. Cross-amplification was not found during the mock test; other charophyte species did not yield positive amplification. The eDNA samples from the Torneträsk validated the performance of the ITS2 marker. The T. canadensis-specific marker designed in this project was proven to be sensitive and accurate. It could be recommended as a useful tool to detect the presence of T. canadensis DNA, even at low concentration and in complex samples containing other charophyte species.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINATION OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING INDUSTRY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Petra Růčková ◽  
Nicole Škuláňová
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Inflation Rates

Every economic sector, every single industry, every economy, and even every firm has its specific financial structure. Given that it is not possible to examine thousands of individual companies for scientific purposes, it is necessary to at least examine the differences between individual sectors, industries and countries. At the same time, the formation and optimization of the financial structure is influenced by a myriad of diverse factors that financial managers should take into account in their decisions. Thanks to these facts, more and more researches had been created for over half a century. This research expands knowledge in seven selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe – the Visegrád Group, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Romania. The aim of the research is to evaluate, based on the Generalized Method of Moments, the relationship between the six selected factors and the indebtedness level in companies belonging to the agricultural, forestry and fishing industry. The subject of the research is medium, large and very large companies during the years 2009 to 2016. The research deals with the influence of profitability, liquidity, asset structure, economic development, inflation and interest rates on the total, long-term and short-term indebtedness of companies. The main finding of the research is that companies are influenced by both internal and external determinants. However, even though the industry should be neutral, external determinants – GDP growth rates, inflation rates and interest rates – have a more significant impact on the debt level. The results of this research will not only extend current knowledge in the field of corporate finance, but at the same time, the results may be stimulating in setting support rules for public administration and even European institutions, as the selected industry is strongly linked to subsidy policies.

Social spiders and hybrid webs at Studio Tomás Saraceno

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Specific Production ◽  
Social Spiders ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Social Encounter ◽  
Species Specific

A spider’s web is the species-specific production of spacetime; it is an aesthetic as well as an evolutionary, metabolic and climatic achievement. As part of a long-term engagement with spiders and their webs, the artist Tomás Saraceno has collaborated with populations of spiders and other creatures to produce hybrid webs. The processual and patterned production of hybrid webs at Studio Tomás Saraceno inspires thought on the axes of more-than-human sympoeisis, on collaboration between and across multitudes of creatures, and on a spectrum of social and semi-social encounter between different species. Through interviews, storytelling, visual material and critical description, this paper develops a notion of hybrid webs as philosophical-aesthetic propositions for multispecies sociality.

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