Premières données sur l'architecture comparée des systèmes racinaires et caulinaires

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Atger ◽  
Claude Edelin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root System ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Tree Root System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Architectural Patterns

Since 1970, the architectural analysis of woody plants has given much information about structural and functional organization of tree crowns, their development, and reiteration patterns. In this study, we have extended this method to tree root systems. We describe the whole architecture of three species and we compare their root system and crown architectural patterns. Key words: architecture, tree, root system, crown, whole plant.

Assessing the availability of potassium in soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Graley
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Root System ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Potassium

Two forms of depletion cropping were examined. Perennial ryegrass was continuously cropped on two contrasting soils in pots. Simultaneously, repeated crops of ryegrass, subterranean clover, and marrow-stem kale were grown by a modified system of depletion cropping in which the whole plant was harvested and the soil sampled before being repotted for further crops. Fractions of soil potassium determined by chemical extractions were compared with the results from depletion cropping. Although the modified system needed added attention, particularly between crops, the available potassium was well exploited because of the thorough mixing of the soil. A further benefit was that the depletion of potassium in soils and plants could be followed progressively. Different root systems of the plant species greatly influenced the total potassium uptake. Reserves of initially non-exchangeable potassium contributed much to the uptake while decrease in soil potassium measured by repeated nitric acid extractions ranged from 63 to 80% of the uptake. Ryegrass with its dense root system was able to take up more non-exchangeable potassium from a yellow podzolic soil than clover and kale.

scholarly journals Influence of participation of root system and earth on slope stability

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Michaela Tvrzníková
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Root System ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Cohesion ◽  
Root Strength

Plan for stabilization of endangered slopes of reservoirs often receives little attention during project stage of preparation of water structures. Many of the potentially endangered slopes can be preventively stabilized with the use of vegetational or biotechnological stabilizations.The article deals with the problem of determining value of root cohesion as one of the important factors in participation of root systems of woody plants in earthfill bodies. It is an analysis of impact of various factors which influence the functionality of the root system within the process of improving the slope stability.Mainly foreign authors dealing with theoretical as well as practical determination of root strength va­lues are introduced in the article.

scholarly journals Clifford Spinors and Root System Induction: $$H_4$$ and the Grand Antiprism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Philippe Dechant
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Algebraic Framework ◽  
Underlying Geometry ◽  
Coxeter Plane ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRecent work has shown that every 3D root system allows the construction of a corresponding 4D root system via an ‘induction theorem’. In this paper, we look at the icosahedral case of $$H_3\rightarrow H_4$$ H 3 → H 4 in detail and perform the calculations explicitly. Clifford algebra is used to perform group theoretic calculations based on the versor theorem and the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem, giving a simple construction of the $${\mathrm {Pin}}$$ Pin and $${\mathrm {Spin}}$$ Spin covers. Using this connection with $$H_3$$ H 3 via the induction theorem sheds light on geometric aspects of the $$H_4$$ H 4 root system (the 600-cell) as well as other related polytopes and their symmetries, such as the famous Grand Antiprism and the snub 24-cell. The uniform construction of root systems from 3D and the uniform procedure of splitting root systems with respect to subrootsystems into separate invariant sets allows further systematic insight into the underlying geometry. All calculations are performed in the even subalgebra of $${\mathrm {Cl}}(3)$$ Cl ( 3 ) , including the construction of the Coxeter plane, which is used for visualising the complementary pairs of invariant polytopes, and are shared as supplementary computational work sheets. This approach therefore constitutes a more systematic and general way of performing calculations concerning groups, in particular reflection groups and root systems, in a Clifford algebraic framework.

On Closed Subsets of Root Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ž. Doković ◽  
P. Check ◽  
J.-Y. Hée
Keyword(s):  
Weyl Group ◽  
Root System ◽  
Irreducible Component ◽  
Product Space ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Inner Product Space ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Closed Sets ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Real Inner Product Space

AbstractLet R be a root system (in the sense of Bourbaki) in a finite dimensional real inner product space V. A subset P ⊂ R is closed if α, β ∊ P and α + β ∊ R imply that α + β ∊ P. In this paper we shall classify, up to conjugacy by the Weyl group W of R, all closed sets P ⊂ R such that R\P is also closed. We also show that if θ:R —> R′ is a bijection between two root systems such that both θ and θ-1 preserve closed sets, and if R has at most one irreducible component of type A1, then θ is an isomorphism of root systems.

Extension and Longitudinal Growth During the Development of Red Pine Root Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. F. Fayle
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Below Ground

Extension of the root system and stem during the first 30 years of growth of plantation-grown red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) on four sites was deduced by root and stem analyses. Maximum rooting depth was reached in the first decade and maximum horizontal extension of roots was virtually complete between years 15 and 20. The main horizontal roots of red pine seldom exceed 11 m in length. Elongation of vertical and horizontal roots was examined in relation to moisture availability and some physical soil conditions. The changing relations within the tree in lineal dimensions and annual elongation of the roots and stem are illustrated. The development of intertree competition above and below ground is considered.

Effects of Temperature on Root Morphology and Ectendomycorrhizal Development in Pinusresinosa Ait.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Seedlings of Pinusresinosa were grown at root temperatures of 16, 21 and 27 °C, both aseptically and after inoculation with the ectendomycorrhizal fungus BDG-58. Growth after 3 months was significantly influenced by the presence of the fungus at all 3 temperatures. The influence of the fungus on root growth was obscured by the effects of root temperature on morphology. The root system at 16 and at 21 °C possessed many first-order laterals with numerous, well developed second-order branches, but those at 27 °C had only a few, relatively long, unbranched first-order laterals. Although the root systems of infected seedlings were larger, the fungus increased root growth in the same pattern as determined by the temperature.

scholarly journals Contemporary Concepts of Root System Architecture of Urban Trees

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Susan Day ◽  
P. Eric Wiseman ◽  
Sarah Dickinson ◽  
J. Roger Harris
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Urban Settings

Knowledge of the extent and distribution of tree root systems is essential for managing trees in the built environment. Despite recent advances in root detection tools, published research on tree root architecture in urban settings has been limited and only partially synthesized. Root growth patterns of urban trees may differ considerably from similar species in forested or agricultural environments. This paper reviews literature documenting tree root growth in urban settings as well as literature addressing root architecture in nonurban settings that may contribute to present understanding of tree roots in built environments. Although tree species may have the genetic potential for generating deep root systems (>2 m), rooting depth in urban situations is frequently restricted by impenetrable or inhospitable soil layers or by underground infrastructure. Lateral root extent is likewise subject to restriction by dense soils under hardscape or by absence of irrigation in dry areas. By combining results of numerous studies, the authors of this paper estimated the radius of an unrestricted root system initially increases at a rate of approximately 38 to 1, compared to trunk diameter; however, this ratio likely considerably declines as trees mature. Roots are often irregularly distributed around the tree and may be influenced by cardinal direction, terrain, tree lean, or obstacles in the built environment. Buttress roots, tap roots, and other root types are also discussed.

scholarly journals Architectural analysis of root systems of mature trees in sandy loam soils using the root development classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
ZHU Wei ◽  
◽  
YU Li-Xuan ◽  
ZHAO De-Hai ◽  
JIA Li-Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Architectural Analysis

scholarly journals Recreation-tourist destination for needs of historical-cultural (of religious) studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
T. Bozhuk
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Tourist Destination

The paper considers issues of spatial-functional organization of attractive tourist objects, which have sacral importance. The mode is proposed of the tourist-cultural destination for religious studies, and the analysis is given of its components. Key words: religious-tourist resources, recreational-tourist destination, land of historicalcultural using, sacral-tourist product.

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