Growth and survival of white clover (Trifolium repens) transplanted into patches of different grass species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyal A. Mehrhoff ◽  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Reciprocal Transplants ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Biotic Differentiation

Previous studies on Trifolium repens L. showed differentiation with respect to neighbouring plant species and local environmental conditions. In this study, we conducted a series of reciprocal transplants among and within different pastures and among neighbouring grass species (Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Holcus lanatus L.). While the presence of a grass neighbour decreased survival and growth of T. repens, no evidence of differentiation by T. repens to either local environmental conditions or to neighbouring grass species was found. We suggest that T. repens, in systems like our study pastures that have small, transient grass patches, may show inconsistent and ephemeral responses to the presence of neighbouring plants, whereas in other systems with larger grass patch size and a longer period of exposure to selection processes, T. repens show fine-scale biotic differentiation to neighbouring grass species. Keywords: population differentiation, white clover, selection, microevolution, transplantation.

Technique for evaluating the potential for growth of shoot and root buds of white clover (Trifolium repens)

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. D. Newton ◽  
M. J. M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Root Buds ◽  
Subtending Leaves

SUMMARYAn assay was developed for assessing the potential for growth of shoot and root buds of white clover. This paper describes the technique and the experimental results on which it was based. The assay involved the incubation of nodes under standard conditions and the monitoring of bud activity at the nodes. Shoot buds were of primary interest but the assay was also used to investigate the activity of root primordia. Correlative influences were reduced by separating individual nodes and by removal of their subtending leaves and petioles. The optimal environmental conditions for incubation were: a constant temperature of 20 °C, a 24 h photoperiod of low irradiance (4 W/m2) and a high relative humidity (≥ 90%). The technique proved suitable for the monthly screening of 1000–2000 nodes sampled from field populations of white clover.

Neighbour relationships in grass–legume communities. IV. Fine scale biotic differentiation

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (23) ◽  
pp. 2711-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Biotic Differentiation ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Striking Effect

Ramets of Medicago sativa L., M. Iupulina L., and Trifolium repens L. were sampled from 10-year-old fields of Bromus inermis Leyss., Phleum pratense L., and Dactylis glomerata L. The ramets were multiplied and transplanted into artificial swards in all combinations of legumes and site of origin. Differences in "performance" (in terms of dry weights and number of survivors) were shown. The most striking effect was that the number of survivors of T. repens and M. sativa (and dry weight of T. repens) was greatest when the species was transplanted back into swards of the grass species from which they had been sampled. This trend is not applicable to dry weights of M. sativa, but an alternative trend is clearly demonstrated.In a second experiment, ramets of M. sativa were sampled from 1-, 3-, and 10-year-old fields of B. inermis, P. pratense, and D. glomerata and treated as above. The most striking effect is that the performance monitored in experiment 1 may be seen developing through the 1- and 3-year-old stages, demonstrating that the microcoevolutionary processes operating within a community are rapid events.

Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) detected by SSR polymorphisms

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie George ◽  
Mark P Dobrowolski ◽  
Eline van Zijll de Jong ◽  
Noel O.I Cogan ◽  
Kevin F Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Simple Sequence

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an important temperate pasture legume that plays a key role as a companion to grass species, such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Due to the outbreeding nature of white clover, cultivars are highly heterogeneous. Genetic diversity was assessed using 16 elite cultivars from Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Fifteen simple sequence repeat markers that detect single, codominant polymorphic genetic loci were selected for the study. The genetic relationships among individuals were compared using phenetic clustering, and those among cultivars were compared using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Intrapopula tion variability exceeded interpopulation variability, with substantial overlap among populations and weak interpopula tion differentiation. No obvious or significant differentiation was observed on the basis of morphology or geographic origin of the cultivars. The number of parental genotypes used to derive each cultivar was not a major determinant of genome-wide genetic diversity. The outcomes of this assessment of genetic variation in elite white clover germplasm pools have important implications for the feasibility of molecular marker-based cultivar discrimination, and will be used to assist the design of linkage disequilibrium mapping strategies for marker-trait association.Key words: white clover, allotetraploid, genetic diversity, polymorphism, simple sequence repeat, cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling.

scholarly journals Effect of pasture species on milk yield and milk composition

1995 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

One 10-day experiment in autumn 1994 then four 10-day experiments throughout the 1994195 lactation in a complete Latin square investigated the effect of pasture species on yield, composition and total colour of milk from dairy cows. Treatments were Grasslands Kopu white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Yatsyn- 1 perennial ryegrass (L&urn perenne L.), Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phfeum pratense L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) offered at similar allowances of green leaf. Cows grazing white clover produced higher (P

scholarly journals White Clover (Trifolium repens) Establishment within Dormant Bermudagrass Turf: Cultural Considerations, Establishment Timing, Seeding Rate, and Cool-season Companion Grass Species

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1561
Author(s):  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Elizabeth A. Guertal
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Mechanical Surface ◽  
Initial Seeding

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) inclusion is a proposed means of increasing the sustainability of certain low-maintenance turfgrass scenarios through increased pollinator habitat and as a result of the legume’s ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). Proper white clover establishment is key to maximizing stand uniformity and N contribution to associated grasses. However, there are few guidelines for white clover establishment within warm-season turfgrasses. Four studies were conducted to evaluate seeded white clover establishment within a dormant hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] lawn as affected by 1) pre-seeding mechanical surface disruption; 2) establishment timing; 3) seeding rate; and 4) companion grass species. White clover establishment was improved by scalping before October seeding, but these effects were not further enhanced by the addition of verticutting or hollow tine aerification. Unscalped turfgrass yielded nearly 50% lower white clover densities than those scalped before seeding, possibly as a result of decreased seed-to-soil contact and increased bermudagrass competition. January and February establishment dates generally yielded the lowest spring clover densities, whereas October timing yielded superior establishment. Clover densities resulting from six seeding rates (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g live seed/m2) were fit to the linear model (y = y0 + axb, where y equals trifoliate leaves/m2 and x is equal to initial seeding rate). An important feature of this model was that it accurately represented the diminishing response of increasing seeding rate. Clover establishment was negatively correlated with companion grass densities with the largest densities occurring when planted with tall fescue and the smallest when planted with annual ryegrass. Ultimately, scalping alone or in combination with other mechanical surface disruption should be paired with a clover variety acceptable to the height of cut and the environmental conditions of individual scenarios. Likewise, seeding rates and the decision to include a cool-season companion grass species will be dependent on the use of a turf and the desired green cover.

Some effects of botanical composition of pasture on growth and wool production of weaner sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
KFM Reed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Fleece Weight

August-born Corriedale lambs were weaned at ten weeks old and, for the following 12 months, were grazed on 16 plots. Each plot had been sown six years previously, to one of eight pasture mixtures which differed in their grass component, but not in their clover component. Trifolium perenne, Phalaris tuberosa, Dacylis glomerata, Trifolium repens, T . subterraneum, and T. fragiferum were sown. Hordem leporinum volunteered in most plots. Where perennial grass species were sown, Trifolium repens (white clover) contributed less than two per cent to the pasture present on the plots. For the two plots where perennial grass was not sown, white clover contributed up to 31 per cent. The total for all sown clover species present in the pasture varied from approximately 100 to 1000 kg ha-1, or approximately 3-30 per cent. Apart from the two plots where perennial qrass was not sown, the clover species present was mainly Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover). Average fleece weights varied from 3.1-4.9 kg on the different plots. The amount of sown clover present in the pasture accounted for 77 per cent of the between-plot variation in fleece weight and 66 per cent of the between-plot variation in annual liveweight gain. Measurements of pasture growth were made for four pasture mixtures. Total pasture growth showed differences of over 50 per cent due to pasture mixture, yet, when grazed at 20 weaners per hectare, differences in annual liveweight gain and fleece weight (10 months wool), due to pasture mixture, did not exceed 10 per cent. Annual liveweight gain and fleece weight were not correlated total pasture growth. However, pasture growth rate measured at monthly intervals, accounted for 43 per cent of the variation in mean daily liveweight gain during these individual months.

scholarly journals Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Involved in Five Abiotic Stresses

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Qi Pu ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Gang Nie ◽  
Jiqiong Zhou ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stable Gene ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a widely cultivated cool-season perennial forage legume in temperate grassland systems. Many studies have analyzed the gene expression in this grass species using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The selection of stable reference genes for qRT-PCR is crucial. However, there was no detailed study on reference genes in different tissues of white clover under various abiotic stress conditions. Herein, 14 candidate reference genes (ACT7, ACT101, TUA1109, TUB, CYP, 60SrRNA, UBQ, E3, GAPDH1, GAPDH2, PP2A, BAM3, SAMDC, and ABC) were selected and analyzed by four programs (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). Samples were taken from two tissues (leaves and roots) under five different abiotic stresses (drought, salt, heat, cold, and heavy metal stress). Our results showed that 60SrRNA and ACT101 were the two top-ranked genes for all samples. Under various experimental conditions, the most stable gene was different; however, SAMDC, UBQ, 60SrRNA, and ACT101 were always top ranked. The most suitable reference genes should be selected according to different plant tissues and growth conditions. Validation of these reference genes by expression analysis of Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD and CAT confirmed their reliability. Our study will benefit the subsequent research of gene function in this species.

Comparison of meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass in monoculture and in association with white clover

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Drapeau ◽  
G Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass alone or with white clover were compared in a four cut system in a region with less than 1400 growing degree days. Cultivars of the two grass species did not affect yield. The annual yields of two grass species, alone or with white clover, were similar in the first production year, but in second and third production years, meadow bromegrass yielded more than meadow fescue. The persistence of white clover, alone or with a grass, was limited. Key words: Festuca pratensis, Bromus riparius, Trifolium repens, yield

scholarly journals Productivity of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) alone and associated with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Maldonado Peralta ◽  
Adelaido Rafael Rojas García ◽  
Nicolás Torres Salado ◽  
Jerónimo Herrera Pérez ◽  
Santiago Joaquín Cancino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L
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