Comparison of meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass in monoculture and in association with white clover

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Drapeau ◽  
G Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass alone or with white clover were compared in a four cut system in a region with less than 1400 growing degree days. Cultivars of the two grass species did not affect yield. The annual yields of two grass species, alone or with white clover, were similar in the first production year, but in second and third production years, meadow bromegrass yielded more than meadow fescue. The persistence of white clover, alone or with a grass, was limited. Key words: Festuca pratensis, Bromus riparius, Trifolium repens, yield

scholarly journals Genetic variation and correlation of agronomic traits in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) clones

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. As relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate total genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Forty-four meadow bromegrass clones were evaluated for agronomic characters. Genetic variation for dry matter yield, seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, was significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates exceeded 50% for all characters. Heritability estimates were at least 3.5 times greater than their standard errors. Phenotypic and genetic correlation between all possible characters were measured. There was general agreement in both sign and magnitude between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations between the different characters demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Based on the results, it appears that the development of higher yielding cultivars with higher crude protein, and lower acid and neutral detergent fibers concentration should be possible.

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. McKenzie ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
E. Butt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass

Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and reed canarygrass were seeded in all possible two-grass combinations with white clover in conventional and underseeded barley treatments using a split-plot design at the Western Agriculture Centre near Pynn’s Brook, NL. The objectives were: (1) to assess dry matter yield (DMY) of two binary grass species when sown with white clover in mixtures under a system with cuttings at similar crop growth stages as rotational grazing and to assess the effect of underseeding to barley on this system; (2) to identify mixtures that enhance herbage distribution throughout the grazing season; and (3) to assess the sward dynamics over successive cropping seasons. The composition of the binary grass mixtures with white clover affected seasonal DMY, seasonal herbage distribution, and sward dynamics over the production years. Orchardgrass in mixtures decreased DMY, shifted the herbage distribution toward early season, and competed with other species. Timothy composition of the stand showed the largest decline over the 3 production years, whereas white clover declined in mixtures with bluegrass, orchardgrass, or tall fescue. Meadow fescue and reed canarygrass with white clover was the most productive mixture with excellent persistence and good yield distribution over the growing season. Orchardgrass was the least compatible species in the mixtures; it dominated first growth and contributed the least to biomass production in later years. Both bluegrass and reed canarygrass performed well in mixtures over the 3 production years; bluegrass appeared to enhance the performance of the other species during summer regrowth whereas reed canarygrass was superior in the later part of the growing season. Underseeding with barley did not affect white clover yield in any production year but detrimentally affected the yield of orchardgrass and meadow fescue in mixtures, and their seasonal distribution. Key words: Bluegrass, orchardgrass, meadow fescue, tall fescue, timothy, reed canarygrass, repeated measurements, principal component analysis, herbage DM distribution, species competition

The productivity of five grass species at six levels of compound fertilizer application II. Crude-protein production

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Henderson ◽  
R. S. Edwards ◽  
J. L. Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Compound Fertilizer

1. Data on the crude-protein content and crudeprotein production of five grass species (each sown with white clover) over the period 1954–56, at six levels of compound fertilizer application, are reported. Perennial rye-grass (S. 101), meadow fescue (S. 215), timothy (S. 48), cocksfoot (S. 26) and bent (N.Z. Browntop) were sown in 1953 at appropriate seed rates, each with 2 lb./acre S. 100 white clover. The fertilizer treatments were 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cwt./ acre of a compound of composition 10% N, 4%P2O5, 9·5% K2O applied in the early spring of each of the years 1954–56. The swards were cut three times a year in 1954 and 1956, but only two cuts were possible in 1955.2. Bent mixtures had a higher crude-protein content than any other mixture in all years and (with one exception) at every cut within years. Differences between other mixtures were smaller and often erratic, though timothy invariably had the lowest crude-protein content at the second cut and cocksfoot at the third. Application of the fertilizer raised the crude-protein level of the herbage at the first cut, but depressed it in subsequent cuts.3. The bent mixture gave the highest yield of crude-protein per acre followed by the timothy mixture, while the lowest yield was produced by the perennial rye-grass mixture. The bent mixture differed from all others in its distribution of crudeprotein production over the season, producing less at the first cuts and more at the second and third cuts. This reflects its pattern of production of dry-matter. Response to spring application of fertilizer in terms of crude-protein yield declined rapidly from cut to cut. Over the whole period of the experiment 1 cwt./acre/ annum of fertilizer containing 10% N gave a response of about 0·5 cwt. crude-protein/annum.

scholarly journals Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to autumn harvests

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Couture ◽  
C. Dhont ◽  
F.-P. Chalifour ◽  
R. Drapeau ◽  
G. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Root And Crown Rot

Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to an autumn harvest was studied in plots established in the spring of 1996 or 1997, at three sites in Quebec. Autumn harvest treatments were started the year following establishment at each site. They were made at either 400, 500 or 600 growing degree-days (GDD; 5°C) after the last summer harvest. Samples were assessed for fusarium root and crown rot severity in autumn 1998 and spring 1999. Disease severity over all sites, cultivars, and sampling periods was ranked in the following order: 400 GDD > 500 GDD > 600 GDD > control (no fall harvest). Key words: Fusarium, root and crown rot, alfalfa, harvest management

Comparison of two air temperature based models for predicting phenophase occurrence in Persian lilacs (Syringa chinensis) cultivar Red Rothomagensis

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Moorman ◽  
James L. Rosenberger ◽  
Leslie A. Gladstone
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Phenological data collected for 9–11 years from genetically uniform Persian lilacs (Syringa chinensis L.) cultivar Red Rothomagensis were analyzed to determine whether the number of days elapsed between vegetative bud break and flower bud break is correlated with either the accumulated growing degree-days or the average daily temperature. The lack of statistically significant correlations between these variables suggests these mathematical models cannot accurately predict the onset of flower bud break for this cultivar. Key words: degree-days, growth model, phenology.

Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera STAJKOVIĆ-SRBINOVIĆ ◽  
Dušica DELIĆ ◽  
Djordje KUZMANOVIĆ ◽  
Biljana SIKIRIĆ ◽  
Nataša RASULIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

A diverse group of soil bacteria found in the rhizosphere which can colonize plant roots and improve plant growth are designated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The aim of this study was isolation and screening of different rhizobacterial strains for plant growth promoting characteristics and their ability to improve growth of two grass species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The strains investigated, belonging to the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and rhizobial bacteria, showed various plant growth promoting traits, such as phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Co-inoculation of meadow fescue with Azotobacter chroococcum A2 and Sinorhizobium meliloti or Pseudomonas sp., and A. chroococcum A5 with S. meliloti, significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW)(25-33%), as well as total N (26-33%), P (24-31%) and K (26-28%) contents in plants (mg pot-1), compared to uninoculated control. In addition, inoculation of orchardgrass with A. chroococcum strain A1, as well as co-inoculation with B. megaterium and A. chroococcum A1 or A31, significantly increased SDW (51-59%) and total N (54-59%), P (51-74%) and K (49-55%) contents, compared to uninoculated control. Nitrogen percentage in SDW was slightly higher than sufficiency ranges, while K percentage was optimal in all treatments in both species. Phosphorous percentage was lower than sufficiency ranges as a consequence of very low soil P content. The results emphasize the potential of particular rhizobacteria to improve the growth of forage grasses.

Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) detected by SSR polymorphisms

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie George ◽  
Mark P Dobrowolski ◽  
Eline van Zijll de Jong ◽  
Noel O.I Cogan ◽  
Kevin F Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Simple Sequence

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an important temperate pasture legume that plays a key role as a companion to grass species, such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Due to the outbreeding nature of white clover, cultivars are highly heterogeneous. Genetic diversity was assessed using 16 elite cultivars from Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Fifteen simple sequence repeat markers that detect single, codominant polymorphic genetic loci were selected for the study. The genetic relationships among individuals were compared using phenetic clustering, and those among cultivars were compared using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Intrapopula tion variability exceeded interpopulation variability, with substantial overlap among populations and weak interpopula tion differentiation. No obvious or significant differentiation was observed on the basis of morphology or geographic origin of the cultivars. The number of parental genotypes used to derive each cultivar was not a major determinant of genome-wide genetic diversity. The outcomes of this assessment of genetic variation in elite white clover germplasm pools have important implications for the feasibility of molecular marker-based cultivar discrimination, and will be used to assist the design of linkage disequilibrium mapping strategies for marker-trait association.Key words: white clover, allotetraploid, genetic diversity, polymorphism, simple sequence repeat, cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling.

scholarly journals White Clover (Trifolium repens) Establishment within Dormant Bermudagrass Turf: Cultural Considerations, Establishment Timing, Seeding Rate, and Cool-season Companion Grass Species

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1561
Author(s):  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Elizabeth A. Guertal
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Mechanical Surface ◽  
Initial Seeding

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) inclusion is a proposed means of increasing the sustainability of certain low-maintenance turfgrass scenarios through increased pollinator habitat and as a result of the legume’s ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). Proper white clover establishment is key to maximizing stand uniformity and N contribution to associated grasses. However, there are few guidelines for white clover establishment within warm-season turfgrasses. Four studies were conducted to evaluate seeded white clover establishment within a dormant hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] lawn as affected by 1) pre-seeding mechanical surface disruption; 2) establishment timing; 3) seeding rate; and 4) companion grass species. White clover establishment was improved by scalping before October seeding, but these effects were not further enhanced by the addition of verticutting or hollow tine aerification. Unscalped turfgrass yielded nearly 50% lower white clover densities than those scalped before seeding, possibly as a result of decreased seed-to-soil contact and increased bermudagrass competition. January and February establishment dates generally yielded the lowest spring clover densities, whereas October timing yielded superior establishment. Clover densities resulting from six seeding rates (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g live seed/m2) were fit to the linear model (y = y0 + axb, where y equals trifoliate leaves/m2 and x is equal to initial seeding rate). An important feature of this model was that it accurately represented the diminishing response of increasing seeding rate. Clover establishment was negatively correlated with companion grass densities with the largest densities occurring when planted with tall fescue and the smallest when planted with annual ryegrass. Ultimately, scalping alone or in combination with other mechanical surface disruption should be paired with a clover variety acceptable to the height of cut and the environmental conditions of individual scenarios. Likewise, seeding rates and the decision to include a cool-season companion grass species will be dependent on the use of a turf and the desired green cover.

Growth and survival of white clover (Trifolium repens) transplanted into patches of different grass species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyal A. Mehrhoff ◽  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Reciprocal Transplants ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Biotic Differentiation

Previous studies on Trifolium repens L. showed differentiation with respect to neighbouring plant species and local environmental conditions. In this study, we conducted a series of reciprocal transplants among and within different pastures and among neighbouring grass species (Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Holcus lanatus L.). While the presence of a grass neighbour decreased survival and growth of T. repens, no evidence of differentiation by T. repens to either local environmental conditions or to neighbouring grass species was found. We suggest that T. repens, in systems like our study pastures that have small, transient grass patches, may show inconsistent and ephemeral responses to the presence of neighbouring plants, whereas in other systems with larger grass patch size and a longer period of exposure to selection processes, T. repens show fine-scale biotic differentiation to neighbouring grass species. Keywords: population differentiation, white clover, selection, microevolution, transplantation.

Sward complexity and grass species composition affect the performance of grass-white clover pasture mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
M. S. McElroy ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
J. L. Duyinsveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Clover Pasture

Papadopoulos, Y. A., McElroy, M. S., Fillmore, S. A. E., McRae, K. B., Duyinsveld, J. L. and Fredeen, A. H. 2012. Sward complexity and grass species composition affects the performance of grass-white clover pasture mixtures. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1199–1205. The productivity of managed permanent pastures is closely associated with the species composition of seeded mixtures. Ecological theory suggests that increasing plant species' diversity will result in higher productivity, resilience, and resistance to invasive species. To better understand the relationship between sward species composition and pasture productivity, mixtures of four common pasture grass species, timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), were seeded in 2004 in binary (two-grass), tertiary (three-grass), and quaternary (four-grass) combinations with white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plots were rotationally grazed for 5 yr, with yield determined in the first post-establishment year (2005) and in 3 subsequent production years (2007, 2008, and 2009). Mean dry matter yield (DMY) increased appreciably from post-establishment (3801 kg ha−1) to the production years (6613 kg ha−1). Contrasts revealed significantly higher DMY production in quaternary mixtures versus less complex plots in production years. Repeated measure analysis found significant quadratic trends in DMY for plots containing bluegrass and timothy, showing different patterns of growth between the respective mixtures. Principal component analysis (PCA) of averaged yields over the production years revealed a strong association between seeded grass growth and DMY. This relationship between DMY and seeded grass growth was strongest in swards containing a combination of timothy and bluegrass. In general, the growth of unseeded grasses and forbs increased in mixtures with large proportions of timothy and reed canarygrass. In spite of the fact that mixtures containing timothy and bluegrass were shown to produce high DMY, it appears the aggressiveness of bluegrass suppressed the yield potential of timothy. White clover yields and unseeded grasses/forbs were both significantly lower in mixtures containing bluegrass. Also, the PCA revealed a favourable compatibility between meadow fescue and white clover growth, while bluegrass appears to suppress meadow fescue growth. Results show that species complexity increases sward productivity over the long term, and that the presence of two grass species, in particular (timothy and bluegrass), has considerable influence on DMY.

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