Responses of the Norwegian alpine Betula nana community to nitrogen fertilization

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaanus Paal ◽  
Eli Fremstad ◽  
Tõnu Möls
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
South Central ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Annual Deposition

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on species cover, increment of shrubs, tissue nitrogen, and soil parameters was tested during a 3-year experiment in a low alpine plant community dominated by Betula nana in the Dovre mountains, south-central Norway. The doses used were 1.2 and 6.1 g N/m2, corresponding to 0.72 and 3.6 times, respectively, the annual deposition of nitrogen in southwest Norway. Statistical analysis using SAS ANOVA and GLM procedures were applied to different types of models. The cover of species and growth forms showed no significant response to additional nitrogen supply. The increment of shrubs was not significantly affected by the fertilization, except for the year factor. Incorporation of nitrogen into plant tissue was not evident. No effects were found on soil parameters. Key words: fertilization, alpine tundra, shrubs, nitrogen.

scholarly journals Parametric Analysis of Rotational Effects in Seismic Design of Tall Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Milan Sokol ◽  
Rudolf Ároch ◽  
Katarína Lamperová ◽  
Martin Marton ◽  
Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Eurocode 8 ◽  
Tall Structures ◽  
Rotational Components ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Depth Study

This paper uses a parametric study to evaluate the significance of the rotational components of Earth’s motion in a seismic design. The parametric study is based on the procedures included in Eurocode 8, Part 6. Although the answer to the question of when the effects of rotational components are important is quite a complex one and requires a more in-depth study, our aim was to try to assess this question in a relatively quick manner and with acceptable accuracy. The first part of the paper is devoted to derivation of a simple formula that can be used for expressing the importance of rotational components in comparison with the classic seismic design without their usage. The quasi-static analysis, assuming inertial forces, is used. A crucial role plays the shape of the fundamental mode of the vibration. Due to simplicity reasons, well-known expression for estimation of the first eigenmode as an exponential function with different power coefficients that vary for different types of buildings is used. The possibility of changing the soil parameters is subsequently included into the formula for estimation of the fundamental frequency of tall buildings. In the next part, the overall seismic analyses of complex FEM models of 3D buildings and chimneys are performed. The results from those analyses are then compared with those from simplified calculations. The importance of the soil characteristics for determination of whether it is necessary to take into account the rotational effects is further discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of No-Tillage Winter Cereals in the South-Central Region of Paraná, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Renato Paulo de Moraes ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The South ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
South Central

Corrigendum - Yield depression due to phosphate fertilizer in sugar-cane

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
RA Yates
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Ratio Effect ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Depression

A large series of trials involving phosphate fertilizer showed that yields of cane could be reduced by the application of superphosphate at rates of up to 2 cwt/acre in four distinct areas. In these areas, the yield response to phosphate was dependent on the rate of nitrogen fertilization; yield depression only occurred where the nitrogen supply was adequate; phosphate could increase yields at low nitrogen. In most cases, the yield depression was associated with a low calcium/ magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio in the soil (a ratio of less than 3.0 in terms of milliequivalents). On soils with high Ca/Mg ratios, regressions of yield response on soil or leaf phosphate indicated critical levels similar to those accepted elsewhere. Significant regressions could not be obtained from soils with low Ca/Mg ratios. A few trials testing a phosphate x trace element interaction indicated that the phosphate yield depression in at least one area was due to an induced deficiency of some trace element. The trace element effect is independent of the Ca/Mg ratio effect.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Sporobolomyces roseus on wheat leaves

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2741-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frossard ◽  
N. J. Fokkema
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Green flag leaves of spring wheat grown with low or high nitrogen supply in the form of Ca(NO3)2 were inoculated with Sporobolomyces roseus. Growth of the yeast in a controlled environment was followed for several days by culturing techniques. No consistent differences were found between the development of S. roseus on leaves from low or high nitrogen treated plants, suggesting that leaf exudates from low nitrogen treated plants still contain enough nitrogen compounds to support growth of S. roseus. Nitrogen fertilization obviously seems not to be an appropriate means to manipulate the phyllosphere mycoflora.

scholarly journals Supplementary Nitrogen Fertilization in Sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thiago C. V. Stacciarini ◽  
Aurélio R. Neto ◽  
José M. Alves ◽  
Marina G. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
Quality Indexes

In Brazil, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is considered one of the most economically important crops. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required elements in sugarcane cultivation. Nevertheless, the information about the soil and foliar applications of this nutrient in crops are discrepant. Therefore, the importance of this study is evident. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the soil-applied and foliar N fertilization of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted at the Araporã Bioenergia S.A. power plant, located at Fazenda Santa Rita, in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO. The 5 × 5 factorial design was adopted, with four repetitions, including five doses of soil-applied ammonium nitrate and five doses of foliar Amidic N polymer. The nutrient extraction, the experiment’s initial and final total chlorophyll content, the biometric indexes and the industrial quality indexes were analyzed for sugarcane. The ammonium nitrate doses caused differences in fiber, sacarose content, total recoverable sugar, sugar cane Brix, magnesium, and zinc, which was statistically different for the foliar polymer doses. There was no increment of the production variables with the increase of the nitrogen supply in the soil. On the other hand, the levels of zinc and magnesium in the leaves increased 12% and 27%, respectively, reflecting the importance of this fertilization in sugarcane cultivation.

Response of certain malting barley varieties to nitrogen fertilization

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
E. I. Kivi ◽  
S. Hovinen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
The Difference

The Barley Committee of the Laboratory of Brewing in Helsinki, carried out a series of field trials from 1967 to 1969 to investigate the effect of the timing and the quantity of nitrogen fertilization on properties of malting barleys grown in Finland. This paper deals with a part of this project. The varieties were the two-rowed brewing barleys Ingrid, Arvo and Karri and the six-rowed enzyme barley Pirkka. As a basic fertilizing 59 kg phosphorus and 99 kg potassium per hectare were administered. Varying nitrogen levels (30 or 60 kg N per hectare) were given as saltpetre at harrowing (early) or on the sprouts (late). The nitrogen given early increased the yield in all varieties more than the late spreading. The treatment on sprouts increased the protein content of the yield. The difference in protein contents between the two spreading times was as big as the difference between the two nitrogen doses given at the same point of time. Ingrid and Pirkka reacted very sensitively to the late nitrogen fertilizing. Karri was least sensitive to the changes in nitrogen supply. The yearly fluctuations of the protein contents were bigger than the differences between varieties in each year. The order of varieties in regard to the protein content was the same in all trial years: Pirkka, Ingrid, Arvo and Karri. Besides the cultivation technique, e.g. placement of fertilizers, attention must be paid to the sensitivity of the varieties in increasing their protein content under changeable conditions.

scholarly journals Common bean elite lines cultivated under nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Rhizobium tropici

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2168-2173
Author(s):  
Helton Santos Pereira ◽  
Leonardo Cunha Melo ◽  
Luís Cláudio de Faria ◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
Fábio Martins Mercante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

ABSTRACT: More efficient strains of Rhizobium have been selected for use in common bean. However, little effort was made with lines selection. The main goals of this research were to verify the presence of interaction involving common bean elite lines utilizing Nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation for grain yield and to identify lines with superior yields utilizing biological nitrogen fixation. Eight field trials were conducted at four location-years in Brazilian savanna, using randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Each trial was composed of 17 carioca elite lines. Every two tests in each location were planted side by side, one with mineral nitrogen fertilization (90kg) and the other one with inoculation with Rhizobium tropici SEMIA 4080 strain. Elite lines interaction with nitrogen fertilization/inoculation was not important, so, it is possible to select lines for utilization in both growing systems. In some locations-years, interaction between lines and Rhizobium inoculation was most affected by environment conditions, causing modification in lines classification according to the type of nitrogen supplying used. In general, the lines presented higher yields when fertilized with mineral nitrogen as compared with inoculation. The cultivar 'BRS Pontal' presented high and similar yields under both systems of nitrogen supply.

Syngenetic magnetic anomaly sources: Three examples

Geophysics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parker Gay ◽  
Bronson W. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Subsurface Geology ◽  
South Central ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Source Materials

Aeromagnetic anomalies encountered in three areas, two in the western United States and one in Central America, are shown to arise from magnetic sedimentary formations. These examples are selected from a larger number of similar areas surveyed by Applied Geophysics, Inc. in various places in the U.S. Midcontinent and Rocky Mountain regions. The first area discussed is the northwest corner of Nebraska where the Miocene Arikaree formation, comprised of magnetic airfall and windblown tuffs, causes anomalies in areas of incised topography. The second area is located in south central Utah, where the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits sandstones contain detrital magnetite that causes large anomalies in tilted structures and over incised topography. The third area treated covers over half of southern Belize in Central America, including much of the offshore portion. Here, the Toledo formation of Paleocene‐Eocene age contains a thick section of clastic detritus rich in lithic grains of volcanic rocks that produce magnetic highs over thrusted and folded anticlinal axes. These three examples of magnetic anomalies due to syngenetic magnetite in widely scattered areas and from different types of source materials bring into question the assumption of so‐called “diagenetic magnetite” (or other magnetic minerals) as a cause of magnetic anomalies in other petroleum basins. It is necessary in all cases to determine the magnetic source from surface or subsurface geology, as was done here, rather than making assumptions strictly from magnetic profiles or mathematical models.

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