scholarly journals Supplementary Nitrogen Fertilization in Sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thiago C. V. Stacciarini ◽  
Aurélio R. Neto ◽  
José M. Alves ◽  
Marina G. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
Quality Indexes

In Brazil, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is considered one of the most economically important crops. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required elements in sugarcane cultivation. Nevertheless, the information about the soil and foliar applications of this nutrient in crops are discrepant. Therefore, the importance of this study is evident. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the soil-applied and foliar N fertilization of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted at the Araporã Bioenergia S.A. power plant, located at Fazenda Santa Rita, in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO. The 5 × 5 factorial design was adopted, with four repetitions, including five doses of soil-applied ammonium nitrate and five doses of foliar Amidic N polymer. The nutrient extraction, the experiment’s initial and final total chlorophyll content, the biometric indexes and the industrial quality indexes were analyzed for sugarcane. The ammonium nitrate doses caused differences in fiber, sacarose content, total recoverable sugar, sugar cane Brix, magnesium, and zinc, which was statistically different for the foliar polymer doses. There was no increment of the production variables with the increase of the nitrogen supply in the soil. On the other hand, the levels of zinc and magnesium in the leaves increased 12% and 27%, respectively, reflecting the importance of this fertilization in sugarcane cultivation.

HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO INOCULADOS COM Azospirillum brasilense SOB DIFERENTES DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL CADORE ◽  
ANTÔNIO PAULINO DA COSTA NETTO ◽  
EDÉSIO FIALHO DOS REIS ◽  
VILMAR ANTONIO RAGAGNIN ◽  
DOUGLAS SIQUEIRA FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Different Doses

RESUMO - Microrganismos do gênero Azospirillum possuem o potencial de melhorar o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura do milho. Porém as respostas dos híbridos de milho não são iguais frente à inoculação com estes microrganismos, devido a possível especificidade na interação entre genótipo e microrganismo e os diferentes manejos adotados. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de dez híbridos a fim de indicar entre esses híbridos os mais responsivos quando submetidos à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense e a diferentes doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. Vários caracteres agronômicos foram avaliados como: altura de plantas, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro de colmo, teor de clorofila total, tamanho de espiga, número de fileiras da espiga, números de grãos por fileira, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Além dos caracteres agronômicos avaliou-se a atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato em duas diferentes épocas (V4 - V6 e VT). Os híbridos mais produtivos foram o Biogene 7046, Dekalb 310 VT PRO™ e Agroeste 1596 VT PRO™. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio aumentou o diâmetro do colmo, teor de clorofila total, comprimento da espiga, grãos por fileira e a produção de grãos.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada; bactérias diazotróficas; safrinha.MAIZE HYBRIDS INOCULATED WITH Azospirillum brasilense UNDER DIFFERENT DOSES OF NITROGENABSTRACT – Microorganisms of the genus Azospirillum have the potential to improve the development and production of maize. However, the response of corn hybrids is not equal under inoculation with these microorganisms due to the specificity in the interaction between genotype and microorganism and the use of different managements. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development and productivity of ten hybrids to indicate the most responsive when subjected to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and different doses of nitrogen fertilization. Several agronomic characters were evaluate as plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, total chlorophyll content, ear size, number of rows grains per ear, number of grains per row, mass of 100 grains and grain yield. In addition to the agronomic traits the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase was evaluated in two different seasons (V4 - V6 and VT). The most productive hybrids were Biogene 7046, Dekalb 310 VT PRO ™ and Agroeste 1596 VT PRO ™.The increment of nitrogen increased stem diameter, total chlorophyll content, ear length, grains per row and grain production.Keywords: dizotrofic bacterias; nitrogen fertilization; second harvest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the correlation between SPAD readings and absolute chlorophyll content of maize under different nitrogen supply conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Attila Simkó ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Spad Readings ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Currently, one of the most important objectives of agriculture is to maintain the principles of the sustainability. The use of precision technologies in agriculture belongs to this topic. The use of precision technologies is increasingly widespread in the cultivation of various agricultural crops, including maize. Sensing is an important part of these techniques. In our experiment we compared two methods: measuring relative chlorophyll content and the method of determine the extractable chlorophylls. The experimental plant was maize (Zea mays L.) and the measurements were performed at an early development stage (V8) of three genotypes. Three levels of nitrogen (0; 80; 160 kg ha-1) were applied during the experiment. The relative chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD-502 (Minolta, Japan) and a handheld GreenSeeker (Trimble, USA) device. The extractable total chlorophyll content decreased in parallel with the increased nitrogen level. The obtained SPAD values were diversified furthermore the NDVI values have not been changed for the effect of different nitrogen fertilization. In the early stages of development of maize, these parameters need to be complemented with other measurements to provide reliable information about the crops nitrogen status.

scholarly journals NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF RICE, COMMON BEAN AND CORN WITH ENHANCED-EFFICIENCY FERTILIZER

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Roberto Dos Anjos Reis Jr ◽  
Tarcício Cobucci ◽  
Darci Sonego
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N), a mineral element required in greater quantity by plants, has a low efficiency use in agriculture, resulting in economic and environmental problems. N enhanced efficiency fertilizers use is one of the strategies to increase N fertilization efficiency. Polymer urea coating has been used to produce enhanced efficiency fertilizers. However, there are a lot of polymers for this type of coating, which may lead to divergence of results. Validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics, foliar N contents and yields and N fertilization efficiency in response to N rates and sources. Field experiments were carried out on these crops, comparing N fertilizers performance. Each experiment was formed by a factorial design comparing N sources (urea and Policote coated urea) and rates, besides Control. N fertilization influenced rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics, foliar N contents, yields and N fertilization efficiency. Increasing N rates increased rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics and yields. Policote coated urea showed higher agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization and higher yields than urea in rice, common beans and corn crops.

The effect of nitrogen fertilization of white spruce (Piceaglauca) on the yellow-headed spruce sawfly (Pikonemaalaskansis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Popp ◽  
H. M. Kulman ◽  
E. H. White
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Fertilization with 224 and 448 kg Nha−1 applied to white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, as ammonium nitrate significantly increased concentrations of foliar N. Trees with 1.10 to 1.29% foliar N on July 3 had the highest average number of yellow-headed spruce sawfly, Pikonemaalaskansis (Rohwer), larvae per tree (final population) and the lowest percent mortality. This corresponded to trees receiving 224 kg N ha−1. Although not significantly, the final population increased, and the percent mortality decreased with increasing N concentrations up to 1.29% (July 3) (N-deficient trees). As foliar N concentrations, at the time of feeding, increased above 1.29% (N-sufficient trees), final population decreased and percent mortality increased. Therefore, indiscrimate use of fertilizers may increase insect numbers.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis of Algerian Saharan Maize Populations (Zea mays L.) for Tolerance to No-Nitrogen Fertilization and Drought

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Meriem Riache ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Base Material ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Populations

Drought and low nitrogen are major stresses for maize (Zea mays L.), and maize populations from the Sahara Desert are potential sources of stress tolerance. The objectives were to assess the tolerance and varietal and heterosis effects of Algerian populations under no-nitrogen fertilization and water stress. A diallel among six Algerian maize population was evaluated under drought (300 mm irrigation) vs. control (600 mm) and no-nitrogen fertilization vs. 120 kh ha−1 N fertilization. Genotypes showed significant differences and genetic effects for water- and nitrogen-stress tolerance. We propose a reciprocal recurrent selection to take advantage of additive and non-additive effects, using AOR and IGS, since they showed good performance in optimum and stress conditions, for improving yield heterosis for AOR × IGS. Negative effects are not expected on plant height, anthesis–silking interval or early vigor. These populations and BAH could be sources of inbred lines tolerant to drought and no-nitrogen fertilization. There was no relationship between origin and genetic group and stress tolerance per se or as parents of tolerant crosses. These populations and crosses could be used as base material among Algerian populations, for breeding programs focusing on tolerance to water or nitrogen stress.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Medina-Cuéllar ◽  
Deli N. Tirado-González ◽  
Marcos Portillo-Vázquez ◽  
Sergio Orozco-Cirilo ◽  
Marco A. López-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quadratic Models

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R2 = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R2 = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production.

scholarly journals Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Janusz Prusiński ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Magdalena Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

scholarly journals Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Anibal de Moraes ◽  
Adelino Pelissari ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Oilseed Radish

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

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