scholarly journals Ameliorating effects of Sporidiobolus pararoseus extract on dyslipidemia in mice with high fat diet induced obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Du ◽  
Danyu Ying ◽  
Yahui Guo ◽  
Yuliang Cheng ◽  
Mei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Sporidiobolus Pararoseus

The study investigated how an extract of Sporidiobolus pararoseus (S.p.) affects lipid metabolism in Kunming mice that were obese as a result of being fed a high-fat diet; the control group were administered Max EPA fish oil. Ten mice were randomly selected from a pool of 60 mice for the control group and the remaining 50 mice were fed with a high-fat diet to establish a dyslipidemia model. After 4 weeks, these 50 mice were randomly distributed among 5 groups: high-fat model group; Max EPA group; and 3 groups of mice fed different doses of S.p. extract (low dose, medium dose, and high dose). After 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the relevant parameters were measured. Compared with the high-fat model group, the group administered the high dose of S.p. extract showed significantly decreased body mass and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results from RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthesis enzyme, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase was lower in the groups supplemented with S.p. extract than in the high-fat model group, whereas the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 was higher in the group supplemented with S.p. extract than in the high-fat model group. Our results suggest that taking S.p. extract could benefit patients with dyslipidemia. Therefore, S.p. extract should be developed as a dietary supplement to improve lipid metabolism in obese people.

scholarly journals Regulatory Efficacy of Spirulina platensis Protease Hydrolyzate on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Hua ◽  
Zhiying Yu ◽  
Yu Xiong ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Lina Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
High Fat

Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a public health issue. Spirulina platensis is a widely used natural weight-reducing agent and Spirulina platensis is a kind of protein source. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH) on the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Our study showed that SPPH decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), but increased the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum and liver. Moreover, SPPH had a hypolipidemic effect as indicated by the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), SREBP-1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) at the mRNA level in liver. SPPH treatment enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, our study showed that SPPH might be produce glucose metabolic benefits in rats with diet-induced LMD. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SPPH on the metabolism remain to be further investigated. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings illustrate that Spirulina platensis peptides have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and our data provides evidence that SPPH might be used as an adjuvant therapy and functional food in obese and diabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Wu ◽  
Xueya Li ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Backgroud: Obesity is an epidemic disease in the world, the treatment and prevention of obesity methods have gained great attention. Lactobacillus is the main member of probiotics, and the physiological activity of it is specific to different strains. This study systematically explored the anti-obesity effect and possible mechanism of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 (LF-CQPC07), which was isolated from pickled vegetables.Results: LF-CQPC07 effectively controlled the weight gain of mice caused by a high-fat diet. The results of pathological sections indicated that LF-CQPC07 alleviated hepatocyte damage and fat accumulation in adipocytes. The detection of biochemical indictors revealed that LF-CQPC07 decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally, LF-CQPC07 caused the decrease in the amounts of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the increase in the amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. LF-CQPC07 also decreased the amounts of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Confirmed by qPCR, LF-CQPC07 enhanced the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also increased the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and decreased that of PPAR-γ and CCAAT/enhances binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in the liver of mice.Conclusion: this research confirmed that LF-CQPC07 is capable of ameliorating obesity, improving hyperlipemia, and alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation and liver injury accompanied with obesity. Its mechanism may be the regulation of antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. Therefore, LF-CQPC07 has enormous potential to serve as a potential probiotic for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals The Underlying Mechanisms of Curcumin Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Rats Fed High-fat Diet or a High-fat Diet Combined with STZ Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-hong Xia ◽  
Wen-bo Chen ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

Curcumin is the main secondary metabolites of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp, and has been reported to have some potential in preventing and treating some physiological disorders. This study investigated the effect curcumin in inhibiting high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (170-190 g) were randomly divided into a standard food pellet diet group (Control group), a high-fat diet and streptozotocin group (HF+STZ group), and a high-fat diet combined with curcumin and STZ group (HF+ Cur +STZ group). Compared with the HF+STZ group, the HF+Cur+STZ group exhibited significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) levels, and liver coefficients; in the livers of these rats, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Bax was downregulated, whereas that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Bcl-2 was upregulated. Moreover, the liver histology of these rats was improved and resembled that of the control rats. These results suggest that curcumin prevents high-fat diet and STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, mainly via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in the liver.

scholarly journals The Underlying Mechanisms of Curcumin Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Combined With STZ Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Hong Xia ◽  
Wen-Bo Chen ◽  
Li Shi ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

Curcumin is the main secondary metabolite of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp, and has been reported to have some potential in preventing and treating some physiological disorders. This study investigated the effect of curcumin in inhibiting high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (170–190 g) were randomly divided into a standard food pellet diet group (Control group), a high-fat diet and streptozotocin group (HF + STZ group), and a high-fat diet combined with curcumin and STZ group (HF + Cur + STZ group). Compared with the HF + STZ group, the HF + Cur + STZ group exhibited significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and aspartate transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as liver coefficients. In the livers of these rats, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Bax was downregulated, whereas that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Bcl-2 was upregulated. Moreover, the liver histology of these rats was improved and resembled that of the control rats. These results suggest that curcumin prevents high-fat diet and STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, mainly via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in the liver.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qiu ◽  
Wenwen Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Fat

AbstractThis study investigated the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan (LC) on rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), high-fat diet control group (HC), carrageenan-treated control group (CC), 1% LC group (1% LC), and 3% LC-groups (3% LC). Body weight, food intake, fecal weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid levels were measured. After 30 days, body weight significantly decreased in the LC-treated groups than in the HC group. Moreover, in the LC-treated groups, postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased. From this study, our data suggest that LC has antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects when compared to carrageenan, likely related to its increased absorption due to its lower molecular weight.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Metabolite Profiling of Momordica charantia Leaf and the Anti-Obesity Effect through Regulating Lipid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5584
Author(s):  
Meiqi Fan ◽  
Jae-In Lee ◽  
Young-Bae Ryu ◽  
Young-Jin Choi ◽  
Yujiao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

This study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) extract in obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Fruit, root, stem, and leaf extracts of M. charantia were obtained using distilled water, 70% ethanol and 95% hexane. M. charantia leaf distilled water extract (MCLW) showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity tests and reducing power. Metabolite profiles of M. charantia leaf extracts were analyzed for identification of bioactive compounds. HFD-fed mice were treated with MCLW (oral dose of 200 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. MCLW reduced lipid accumulation, body weight, organ weight, and adipose tissue volume and significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD mice. Furthermore, MCLW administration reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HFD mice. Moreover, MCLW significantly reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase; alleviated liver and kidney injury. MCLW decreases expression of genes that fatty acid synthesis; increase the expression of catabolic-related genes. These results indicate that MCLW has an inhibitory effect on obese induced by high fat diet intake, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, suggesting that MCLW may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Structural Studies of Water-Insoluble β-Glucan from Oat Bran and Its Effect on Improving Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3254
Author(s):  
Shoujuan Yu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Xifan Wang ◽  
Fazheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Oat Bran

Water-insoluble β-glucan has been reported to have beneficial effects on human health. However, no studies have thoroughly characterized the structure and function of water-insoluble β-glucan in oat bran. Thus, the structure and effect of water-insoluble β-glucan on weight gain and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were analyzed. First, water-insoluble β-glucan was isolated and purified from oat bran. Compared with water-soluble β-glucan, water-insoluble β-glucan had higher DP3:DP4 molar ratio (2.12 and 1.67, respectively) and molecular weight (123,800 and 119,200 g/mol, respectively). Notably, water-insoluble β-glucan exhibited more fibrous sheet-like structure and greater swelling power than water-soluble β-glucan. Animal experiments have shown that oral administration of water-insoluble β-glucan tended to lower the final body weight of obese mice after 10 weeks treatment. In addition, water-insoluble β-glucan administration significantly improved the serum lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) and epididymal adipocytes size. What is more, water-insoluble β-glucan reduced the accumulation and accelerated the decomposition of lipid in liver. In conclusion, water-insoluble β-glucan (oat bran) could alleviate obesity in HFD-fed mice by improving blood lipid level and accelerating the decomposition of lipid.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Wu ◽  
Xueya Li ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Background Obesity is an epidemic disease in the world, the treatment and prevention of obesity methods have gained great attention. Lactobacillus is the main member of probiotics, and the physiological activity of it is specific to different strains. This study systematically explored the anti-obesity effect and possible mechanism of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 (LF-CQPC07), which was isolated from pickled vegetables. Results LF-CQPC07 effectively controlled the weight gain of mice caused by a high-fat diet. The results of pathological sections indicated that LF-CQPC07 alleviated hepatocyte damage and fat accumulation in adipocytes. The detection of biochemical indictors revealed that LF-CQPC07 decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally, LF-CQPC07 caused the decrease in the amounts of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the increase in the amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. LF-CQPC07 also decreased the amounts of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Confirmed by qPCR, LF-CQPC07 enhanced the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also increased the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and decreased that of PPAR-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in the liver of mice. Conclusion This research confirmed that LF-CQPC07 is capable of ameliorating obesity, improving hyperlipemia, and alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation and liver injury accompanied with obesity. Its mechanism may be the regulation of antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. Therefore, LF-CQPC07 has enormous potential to serve as a potential probiotic for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Hypoglycemic Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa, Coptis chinensis and Their Combination on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes in KK-Ay Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxian Qin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Dengqun Liao ◽  
Xiaoying Wu ◽  
Xian’en Li
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Coptis Chinensis ◽  
Tof Ms ◽  
Ay Mice

Diabetes is a worldwide severe health issue which causes various complications. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), Coptis chinensis (CC) alone and their combination on high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice via biochemical assays and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. Diabetic KK-Ay mice were induced by high-fat diet and treated for eight weeks, separately with RG, CC and their combination and the positive control drug metformin. Administration of RG and CC alone, and their combination could decrease the fasting blood glucose level, ameliorate the tolerance of glucose, and recover the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in sera of diabetic mice. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on serum metabolomes revealed that 79 ESI+ and 76 ESI− metabolites were changed by diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the normal control. Heatmaps on these diabetes-related metabolites showed that CC and RG/CC were clustered closer with the normal control, indicating that they had the better antidiabetic effects at the metabolite level. Fifteen of the differential metabolites in DM serum were annotated and their related metabolic pathways were lipid metabolism. These data suggested that RG and CC alone and in combination treatment had the antidiabetic activity in lowering glycemia and improving lipid metabolism. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics shed light on the differential metabolite effects of RG and CC in DM treatment. However, it should be noted that some differential metabolites were possibly generated or not detected due to our groupwise run order, which possibly contributed to or covered the group difference in our experiment. They need to be further discriminated in the future work.

Effects of Enshi Selenium-Rich Tea Combined with Gynostemma Pentaphyllum and Apenma on Lipid Reduction in Hyperlipemia Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bende Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Fang Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of tea blend composed of Enshi selenium-rich tea, gynostemma pentaphyllum and apenma on blood lipid and lipid metabolism in mice with hyperlipidemia and prevention of hyperlipidemia in mice on the high-fat diet.Methods: Mice were randomized into 7 groups, among which 6 groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish a hyperlipidemia mouse model, and the other group was fed with normal diet as the normal control. After the hyperlipidemia model was established, mice were fed with normal diet while receiving different regimens. The normal diet group, the high-fat control group and the positive control group were given physiological saline solution, physiological saline solution and atorvastatin daily by gavage, respectively. The initial intervention group was given medium dose tea blend solution by gavage, and the other three groups were given low, medium and high dose of tea solution daily by gavage, respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were taken for monitoring of lipid metabolism, -liver and tissue tissues were removed for examination of morphology and gene expression.Results: The tea blend not only significantly reduced the level of blood lipid in hyperlipidemia mice, but also effectively protected the liver and kidney function (P < 0.05). Observation under the light microscope reveled that, high-fat diet led to the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes and disorder of hepatic cordage, while the tea blend alleviated the hepatocyte steatosis. In addition, the tea blend promoted the expression of HL and HSL genes, and increased the levels of LAXR and PPARA, which regulated lipid metabolism at the genetic level (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed that drinking tea blend composed of Enshi selenium-enriched tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Apocynum venetum could lower blood lipids in mice with hyperlipidemia. In addition, various doses of tea blend could be used for hyperlipidemia with good liver and kidney function, and medium or high dose of tea blend was relatively safe for hyperlipidemia with poor liver and kidney function.

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