Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
Kim H. Ominski ◽  
Atef M. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.

scholarly journals 81 Effects of engineered biocarbons on total gas and methane production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in a semi continuous fermentation system (RUSITEC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Kim Ominski ◽  
Gabriel Ribeiro ◽  
Erasmus Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of engineered biocarbon on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, total gas and methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial protein synthesis in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based TMR. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% minerals. Three pine-based biocarbon products CP016, CP024 and CP028. were added at 2% of substrate DM. Biocarbons differed in bulk density, surface area, pore volume, pH, but had similar chemical compositions. Treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC apparatuses in a randomized block design. The experiment period was 17 d, with a 10-d adaptation and 7-d sample collection period. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED in SAS, with treatment (T), day (D) and TxD interactions as fixed effects and RUSITEC apparatus and fermenters as random effects. Compared to the control, biocarbon did not affect total gas (P = 0.98), the amount of CH4 produced per unit of DM incubated (P = 0.48) or per unit of DM digested (P = 0.27). Biocarbon treatments averaged 6.5 g of CH4 /g DM incubated and 9.06 g CH4 /g DM digested as compared to 7.1 g of CH4 /g DM incubated and 10.46 g CH4 / g DM digested in the control, respectively. Biocarbon CP024 had the greatest numerical reduction, followed by CP028 then CP016 in all CH4 associated parameters. Biocarbon addition did not affect the disappearance of DM (P = 0.63), OM (P = 0.34), CP (P = 0.48), NDF (P = 0.12), or VFA (P = 0.65) and ammonia N levels (P = 0.99) and protozoal counts (P = 0.72). The amount of bacterial nitrogen (mg/d) associated with feed particles increased (P < 0.003), suggesting that biocarbon may have enhanced colonization. In conclusion, engineered biocarbon did not reduce CH4 emissions in the RUSITEC.

scholarly journals PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Hee-Eun Yang ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis of Bali Cattle Heifers (Bos sondaicus ) Fed Ration Containing Different Energy Protein Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
N. N. Suryani ◽  
I. W. Suama ◽  
I. G. Mahardika ◽  
N.P. Sarini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bali Cattle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of energy and protein levels on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis of Bali cattle heifers. The study was conducted in Petang Village, Badung Regency, Province of Bali Indonesia on 12 Bali cattle heifers with initial body weight 193,67 ± 22,55 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of ration consists of different level of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP): ME 2051.41 kcal/kg: 12.04% CP (Treatment A); ME 2107.79 kcal/kg : 13.05% CP (Treatment B); ME 2194.06 kcal/kg : 14.04% CP (Treatment C) and ME 2294.23 kcal/kg : 15.09% CP (Treatment D). Variables measured: nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance of Bali cattle heifer age of 18 month. This research was a randomized block design. The results showed that increase in ME to 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP significantly (P <0.05) increased energy intake to 17,880.57 kcal /day and protein intake 686.56 g /day. Rumen fermentation was also highest (P <0.05) in treatment D seen from total VFA, propionic acid and butyric acid respectively 170.32 mMol, 28.52 mMol and 13.70 mMol. While acetic acid, methane and NGR significantly decreased (P <0.05) respectively 57.77 mMol, 18.38 mMol and 3.07. This resulted in the highest rumen microbial protein synthesis in treatment D which was 562.06 g / day so that it was able to produce the highest ADG too, which was 0.42 kg /day. This study concluded that giving rations containing ME 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP increased rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, resulting in the highest growth compared to lower levels.

scholarly journals Effect of urea coating by chitosan on the dynamics of ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
S Nayohan ◽  
K G Wiryawan ◽  
A Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coating urea by chitosan at graded levels on ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro. This study used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to test ammonia parameter and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for pH, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). The treatments tested were: P0 = addition non coating urea 1%; P1 = coating urea by chitosan 1%; P2 = coating urea by chitosan 2%; P3 = coating urea by chitosan 3%. The data obtained were analysed by using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD test with SPSS version 25. The results of this study showed that the coating of urea chitosan had no significant effect on pH, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and amonia concentration in the rumen. However, it significantly reduced (P <0.05) total VFA concentration. It can be concluded that the application of urea coating by chitosan does not affect on the degradation of urea in the rumen.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document