Gentiana lutea L. subsp. lutea seed germination: natural versus controlled conditions

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Cuena-Lombraña ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
Caterina Angela Dettori ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
European Mountains

Gentiana lutea L. subsp. lutea is a geophyte that occurs in the central-southern European mountains. We investigated its germination ecophysiology with the main aim of evaluating seed germination behaviour under controlled and natural conditions. Seeds from four natural sites were tested for germination requirements under a range of different temperatures, and by comparing the results with those obtained under both cold stratification at 5 °C and treatment with GA3. We simultaneously carried out germination tests at each collecting site, and soil temperatures were recorded. Our results indicate that germination under controlled conditions is limited by high temperatures (25 °C), below which GA3 has a remarkable effect on germination percentages. Cold stratification did not have an influence on the germination response, thus suggesting that a temperature of 5 °C is not sufficient to break seed dormancy; this result was supported by soil temperatures. Gentiana lutea created a short-term persistent seed bank, and seeds mainly germinated in their first year. The germination under controlled conditions was similar in all accessions, while different responses were found in the field, where a potential influence of the aspect was observed. These findings underscore the importance of understanding germination behaviour in the field to define the real thermal requirements of a taxon.

scholarly journals Seed germination behaviour of the narrow endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae) compared to the more widespread Daphne cneorum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Di Sacco ◽  
Zuzana Gajdošová ◽  
Marek Slovák ◽  
Ingrid Turisová ◽  
Peter Turis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Germination Behaviour

AbstractDiminished reproduction success in species with narrow distribution ranges might be one of the factors responsible for their limited dispersal and colonization abilities. We investigated here various aspects of the seed biology of the West Carpathian endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae) and compared it with its more widespread relative D. cneorum. In both species, we investigated (i) differences in seed viability and germination ability; (ii) differences between the two observed fruit morphotype groups, and (iii) the effect of cold stratification in breaking seed dormancy and enhance germination in stored seeds. To determine seed viability, a tetrazolium test and an imbibed cut test were performed. Several seed germination tests with gibberellic acid and with a sequence of cold and warm stratification, using different temperatures and durations, were carried out. We uncovered that (i) D. arbuscula seeds show significantly lower viability than D. cneorum seeds, but this difference is due to the smaller-fruit morphotype; (ii) seed quality and viability of the big-fruit morphotype are significantly greater than the smaller-fruit morphotype in both species, although the seed viability of the latter is not null and the dormancy level seems to differ between them; (iii) a warm stratification at 15°C for 13 weeks, followed by cold stratification at either 0 or 5°C for 28 weeks, followed by 4 weeks at 15°C, break physiological dormancy and allow the majority of seeds of D. arbuscula (63%) to germinate. We recommend including both fruit morphotypes when collecting seed of Daphne for ex situ conservation and reintroduction initiatives, to maintain the original genetic diversity of the species.

scholarly journals Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Saeng Geul Baek ◽  
Jin Hyun Im ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Cho Hee Park ◽  
Mi Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Requirements

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

Effects of partial drying on seed germination in the aquatic grasses Zizania palustris L. and Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Aldridge ◽  
R. J. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Porteresia Coarctata ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Germination Behaviour

AbstractPartial drying of non-dormant seeds had little effect on germination behaviour compared with undried controls. In contrast, partial drying resulted in a marked increase in the germination response of freshly harvested (dormant) seeds of Z. palustris. Partial drying also resulted in a 100-fold reduction in the concentration of gibberellins (GA4+7) required for maximum germination. Although the concentration range of applied abscisic acid (ABA) that permitted germination was unaltered, partial drying increased the final germination percentage at all concentrations tested. The concentration of ABA above which germination was reduced in freshly harvested (dormant) seeds of Z. palustris was 3.16 × 10−7m compared with 10−4m in fresh (non-dormant) seeds of P. coarctata. Changes in the germination response of Z. palustris seeds to applied growth regulators, following partial drying or cold stratification might be explained by similar changes in hormonal status.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
KAROLINE APARECIDA FELIX RIBEIRO ◽  
CRISTIAN MADEIRA DE MEDEIROS ◽  
JOSÉ ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ-AGUDO ◽  
JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Ribeiro KAF, Madeira de Medeiros C, Agudo JAS, Sánchez JS. 2019. Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Strategies to halt the decline of biodiversity include: in-situ and ex-situ conservation, the latter already considered at the global level essential in conservation programs. The results of the germinative responses of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero (Cyperaceae), an endemic Spanish endangered species, are presented in this work, to different trials carried out in the laboratory with seeds harvested in the two known populations of that community. Treatments with and without 0.2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) were tested for four, six and eight months in cold stratification at 5 °C in two germination chambers at different temperatures (22/10 °C and 27/15 °C with a photoperiod of 12/12 hours). The results indicate that there is a large difference in germination rates between the two populations. The use of KNO3 did not increase germination rates in any case, but differences were found between periods of cold stratification, with six months being the most effective. On the other hand, the germination rates of both populations remain low (17.58% and 2%) compared to the obtained rate of seed viability. With this first approach to the understanding of the germination requirements of C. lainzii, it becomes clear that new essays are needed to obtain better results, in order to effectively implement the protection plans of C. lainzii populations.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Allochrusa gypsophiloides(Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Central Asia and Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Valentina Mursaliyeva ◽  
Akjunus Imanbayeva ◽  
Rano Parkhatova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Cryo Preservation ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

The results of evaluating the laboratory seed germination of endemic Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Turkestan soap root), depending on storage conditions in combination with gibberellic acid treatment (GA3), are presented. In dry storage, control seeds were characterised by a long after-ripening period and a fluctuating germination behaviour upon removal from storage, with a maximum value of 23%. The sensitivity of seeds to GA3 during dry storage varied significantly, with two germination peaks at 5-7 months, and 12 months (37.5 and 50% germination, respectively). Cold stratification and cryo-preservation accelerated seed after-ripening, promoted germination synchronisation and increased seed sensitivity to GA3. The cold stratification of seeds increased germination four months earlier than during dry storage. GA3 increased germination from 16.7 and 18.3% for the control to 37.5 and 45% for seeds cryopreserved for 5 and 12 months, respectively. We recommend cryopreserving Turkestan soap root seeds to avoid viability loss and to then germinate the seeds after pretreatment with GA3.

scholarly journals Predicting the consequences of global warming on Gentiana lutea germination at the edge of its distributional and ecological range

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Cuena-Lombraña ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
Caterina Angela Dettori ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Gentiana Lutea

Background Temperature is the main environmental factor controlling seed germination; it determines both the percentage and the rate of germination. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the global mean surface temperature could increase of approximately 2–4 °C by 2090–2099. As a consequence of global warming, the period of snow cover is decreasing on several mountain areas. Thermal time approach can be used to characterise the seed germination of plants and to evaluate the germination behaviour under the climate change scenarios. In this study, the effect of different cold stratification periods on seed dormancy release and germination of Gentiana lutea subsp. lutea, a taxon listed in Annex V of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), was evaluated. Furthermore, the thermal requirements and the consequences of the temperature rise for seed germination of this species were estimated. In addition, a conceptual representation of the thermal time approach is presented. Methods Seeds of G. lutea subsp. lutea were harvested from at least 50 randomly selected plants in two representative localities of the Gennargentu massif (Sardinia). Germination tests were carried out under laboratory conditions and the responses at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C were recorded. Different cold stratification pre-treatments at 1 ± 1 °C (i.e. 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days) were applied. Successively, the base temperature (Tb) and the number of thermal units (θ, °Cd) for germination were estimated. Additionally, this study examined the consequences of an increase in temperatures based on the Representative Concentration Pathways (RPC) scenarios. Results The results indicated that from 0 to 30 days of cold stratification, the germination was null or very low. After 60 and 90 days of cold stratification the seed dormancy was removed; however, 25 and 30 °C negatively affected the germination capacity of non-dormant seeds. Seeds cold-stratified for 90 days showed a lower Tb than those stratified for 60 days. However, 60 and 90 days of cold stratification did not cause great variations in the thermal time units. Analysing the RPC scenarios, we detected that the number of days useful for dormancy release of seeds of G. lutea may be less than 30 days, a condition that does not permit an effective dormancy release. Conclusions We conclude that seeds of G. lutea need at least 60 days of cold stratification to remove dormancy and promote the germination. The thermal time model developed in this work allowed us to identify the thermal threshold requirements of seed germination of this species, increasing the knowledge of a plant threatened by global warming. Our results emphasise the need for further studies aiming at a better characterisation of germination efficiency, especially for species that require cold stratification. This would improve the knowledge on the germination mechanisms of adaptation to different future global warming conditions.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

Influence of Heat on Seed Germination of Cistus Laurifolius and Cistus Ladanifer

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Valbuena ◽  
R Tarrega ◽  
E Luis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The influence of high temperatures on germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer seeds was analyzed. Seeds were subjected to different temperatures for different times, afterwards they were sowed in plastic petri dishes and monitored for germinated seeds over two months.The germination rate observed in Cistus ldanifer was greater than in Cistus laurifolius. In both species, heat increased germination percentages. For Cistus laurifolius higher temperatures or longer exposure times were needed. Germination percentages of Cistus ladanifer were lower when heat exposure time was 15 minutes.It must be emphasized that germination occurred when seeds were not treated, while seeds exposed to 150�C for 5 minutes or more did not germinate.

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