Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

Download Full-text

Seed Germination Biology of Four Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars from Xinjiang, China

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.6.826 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 826-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilinuer Shalimu ◽

Ke Li ◽

Carol C. Baskin ◽

Jerry M. Baskin ◽

Yujun Liu

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Pomegranate Seeds ◽

Germination Requirements ◽

New Cultivars

Pomegranate is an important fruit crop cultivated in many countries, and development of new cultivars depends on the plant breeders being able to produce plants from seeds. Poor quality and low yield of cultivars are widespread problems that greatly restrict development of the pomegranate industry. Our purpose was to gain a better understanding of the seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of four cultivars of pomegranate from Xinjiang Province, China, which would be useful in improving old cultivars and developing new ones. Fresh pomegranate seeds incubated on moist filter paper imbibed water, but they germinated to only 16% to 20%. Sulfuric acid scarification, cold stratification, and warm followed by cold stratification significantly increased germination percentages. Seeds soaked in concentrated H2SO4 for 40 minutes followed by cold stratification for 2 months germinated to 65%, and those warm stratified for 1–3 months followed by cold stratification for 2 months germinated to 75% to 80%. Seeds of pomegranate have nondeep physiological dormancy (PD).

Download Full-text

Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements for seeds of Diervilla lonicera (Caprifoliaceae), a species with underdeveloped linear embryos

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-094 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 1199-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Siti N Hidayati ◽

Jerry M Baskin ◽

Carol C Baskin

Keyword(s):

Seed Dormancy ◽

Constant Darkness ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Germination Phenology ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Temperature Controlled ◽

Germination Requirements ◽

Morphological Dormancy

Dormancy-breaking requirements and type of dormancy were determined for seeds of Diervilla lonicera Mill. Seeds have an underdeveloped linear embryo that is about 35% of the length of the seed at maturity. Embryos (in intact seeds) grew at 25:15°C but not at 5°C. Up to 85% of the freshly matured seeds had morphological dormancy (MD), and thus, they germinated within about 30 days on a moist substrate in light at 30:15°C; a maximum of 3% of the seeds germinated in constant darkness. The other portion of fresh seeds had nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and required a period of warm stratification or treatment with GA3 to break dormancy. These seeds also required light to germinate. In contrast, cold stratification induced dormancy, and dry storage for up to 1 year did not effectively break dormancy. Seeds with MD germinated to significantly higher percentages on soil than on filter paper or on sand. Seeds sown on soil in a non-temperature-controlled greenhouse in mid-November germinated mostly in late May, whereas those sown in mid-April germinated in early May. Apparently, embryos of November-sown seeds were induced into physiological dormancy during winter. Thus, seeds had MPD in spring and needed several weeks of warm temperatures for dormancy break, embryo growth, and germination. This is the first report on seed dormancy in the genus Diervilla.Key words: embryo growth, germination phenology, Diervilla lonicera, morphological seed dormancy, morphophysiological seed dormancy, underdeveloped linear embryo.

Download Full-text

Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1765

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Lian-Wei Qu ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Li Xue ◽

Han-Ping Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Commercial Breeding ◽

Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

Download Full-text

Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 704-711

Author(s):

KAROLINE APARECIDA FELIX RIBEIRO ◽

CRISTIAN MADEIRA DE MEDEIROS ◽

JOSÉ ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ-AGUDO ◽

JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Two Populations

Abstract. Ribeiro KAF, Madeira de Medeiros C, Agudo JAS, Sánchez JS. 2019. Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Strategies to halt the decline of biodiversity include: in-situ and ex-situ conservation, the latter already considered at the global level essential in conservation programs. The results of the germinative responses of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero (Cyperaceae), an endemic Spanish endangered species, are presented in this work, to different trials carried out in the laboratory with seeds harvested in the two known populations of that community. Treatments with and without 0.2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) were tested for four, six and eight months in cold stratification at 5 °C in two germination chambers at different temperatures (22/10 °C and 27/15 °C with a photoperiod of 12/12 hours). The results indicate that there is a large difference in germination rates between the two populations. The use of KNO3 did not increase germination rates in any case, but differences were found between periods of cold stratification, with six months being the most effective. On the other hand, the germination rates of both populations remain low (17.58% and 2%) compared to the obtained rate of seed viability. With this first approach to the understanding of the germination requirements of C. lainzii, it becomes clear that new essays are needed to obtain better results, in order to effectively implement the protection plans of C. lainzii populations.

Download Full-text

Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination in Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum

Šumarski list ◽

10.31298/sl.144.3-4.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 144 (3-4) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Hanife Erdogan Genç ◽

Ali Ömer Üçler

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Germination Value ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Collection Time

This study was carried out to determine effects of different pretreatment on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in Acer cappadocicum seeds. The seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to overcome dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2)soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA3 (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 0C and in greenhouse conditions. This research showed that seeds of Acer cappadocicum exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to overcome seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA3 process after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 62 % for Acer cappadocicum seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (95 %). It was found out that GA3 treatment had a significant effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 0C but GA3 treatment didn’t have a significant effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. GA3 treatment and soaking of unstratified seeds in water for 48 hr didn’t have any positive effect on germination value in greenhouse conditions. Although growth chamber and green house results both indicated that seed collection time did not seem to play a role as statistically on seed germination, Duncan’s test showed that the third seed collection time was in a different group.

Download Full-text

Germination and Dormancy in Annual Halophyte Juncus ranarius Song & Perr.

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329752 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 439-446

Author(s):

Jeremi KOŁODZIEJEK ◽

Jacek PATYKOWSKI

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Constant Light ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

To Come ◽

High Level ◽

Saline Solutions

The effects of cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on dormancy breaking for seeds of the annual halophyte species Juncus ranarius were tested. Germination percentage and recovery responses of salt stressed seeds were also tested. Freshly collected seeds germinated slowly under all incubation conditions. Thus, the seeds of J. ranarius have physiological dormancy, e.g. they are water permeable, have a fully developed embryo and require cold stratification to come out of dormancy. Furthermore, promotion of germination by GA3 after-ripening in dry storage also indicated that these seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy. In general, the higher the GA3 concentration, the more germination occurred within the studied range. Juncus ranarius demonstrated a germination preference for light. The highest germination percentage and rate of germination were recorded under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C after 24 weeks of cold stratification. In saline solutions, the highest percentage of germination was obtained at 25 mM L-1 NaCl, and further increase in salinity resulted in a gradual decrease in germination. However, ungerminated seeds were not damaged by salt, showing a high level of recovery. The greater the reduction in salinity, the better the germination rate became. It was concluded that dormancy could be completely broken by cold stratification, indicating spring germination. Juncus ranarius can grow well at lower NaCl concentrations under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C.

Download Full-text

Temperature Regulation of Primary and Secondary Seed Dormancy in Rosa canina L.: Findings from Proteomic Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21197008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 7008

Author(s):

Tomasz A. Pawłowski ◽

Barbara Bujarska-Borkowska ◽

Jan Suszka ◽

Tadeusz Tylkowski ◽

Paweł Chmielarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Proteins ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Secondary Dormancy ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Low Levels

Temperature is a key environmental factor restricting seed germination. Rose (Rosa canina L.) seeds are characterized by physical/physiological dormancy, which is broken during warm, followed by cold stratification. Exposing pretreated seeds to 20 °C resulted in the induction of secondary dormancy. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally characterize the proteins associated with dormancy control of rose seeds. Proteins from primary dormant, after warm and cold stratification (nondormant), and secondary dormant seeds were analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Results showed that cold stratifications affected the variability of the highest number of spots, and there were more common spots with secondary dormancy than with warm stratification. The increase of mitochondrial proteins and actin during dormancy breaking suggests changes in cell functioning and seed preparation to germination. Secondary dormant seeds were characterized by low levels of legumin, metabolic enzymes, and actin, suggesting the consumption of storage materials, a decrease in metabolic activity, and cell elongation. Breaking the dormancy of rose seeds increased the abundance of cellular and metabolic proteins that promote germination. Induction of secondary dormancy caused a decrease in these proteins and germination arrest.

Download Full-text

Seed dormancy and germination of the subalpine geophyte Crocus alatavicus (Iridaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt13098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 376 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ziyan Fu ◽

Dunyan Tan ◽

Jerry M. Baskin ◽

Carol C. Baskin

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Early Summer ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Radicle Emergence ◽

Germination Requirements ◽

Seed Dormancy And Germination

Crocus alatavicus Regel et Sem. is a cormous perennial primarily distributed in central Asia that may have potential in horticulture; however, relatively little is known about seed dormancy in the genus Crocus. The primary aim of the present study was to identify the dormancy breaking and germination requirements of seeds of C. alatvicus and to assign them to a dormancy category. In its natural habitat, the underdeveloped embryo in C. alatavicus seeds grows in early summer, and radicles emerge in early autumn. However, cotyledon emergence is delayed until the following spring. Radicle emergence was promoted by warm stratification and cotyledon emergence by cold stratification. GA3 was ineffective in promoting either radicle or epicotyl emergence. We conclude that seeds of C. alatavicus have deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy of the type C1bB(root) – C3(shoot). To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study on the ecophysiology of seed dormancy and germination in the genus Crocus.

Download Full-text

Morfología de semilla, germinación y desarrollo postemergente de tres especies del género Polianthes L. (Agavaceae)

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1611 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Héctor Serrano-Casas ◽

Eloy Solano-Camacho ◽

Adelaida Ocampo-López

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Seedling Development ◽

The Other ◽

Viability Test ◽

Other Hand ◽

Germination Process

The seed germination process and seedling development were studied for Polianthes geminiflorn (Lex.) Rose var. geminiflom, Polianthes sp . and P. longiflom Rose. The seed viability test estimated was from 94 to 100%. In seeds treatment by soaking the seeds in water at 25ºC during three, six and twelve hours, the germination percentage, velocity and germination uniformity were increased like control assay. On the other hand, P geminiflorn var. geminiflora. were more resistent than Polianthes sp. and P. longiflora. seeds to a treatment of three, six and twelve hours in water a t 40ºC. The three species had epigeal germination and their cotyledon developed a haustorium. None of this species exhibited seed dormancy and they were orthodox. There were significant differences in the first leave length between the three species. The seed morphology, germination behavior and seedlings development were very similar.

Download Full-text

IMPROVEMENT IN SEED GERMINATION IN PURPLE CONEFLOWER (ECHINACEA PURPUREA) AFTER COLD STRATIFICATION OR OSMOTIC PRIMING.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1088c-1088

Author(s):

N. Wartidiningsih ◽

Robert L. Geneve

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Field Tests ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Percent Germination

Germination was evaluated in six seed lots of purple coneflower purchased from four different seed companies. Standard germination percent ranged from 28% to 90% depending on the seed lot. For seed collected in 1989, seed size and stage of development of the seed at harvest could not account for the wide variability in seed germination observed in the purchased seed lots. preconditioning the seed with either cold stratification (10°C for 10 days) or osmotic priming (PEG or salt solution at -5 bars for 5 days) increased the rate of germination and the overall percent germination for all seed lots and dramatically improved germination in the poor germinating seed lots. Preconditioning appears to overcome either a shallow physiological dormancy or compensates for seeds with poor vigor or quality. In either case, seed preconditioning drastically improved seed germination (rate and percent) in greenhouse and field tests for purple coneflower.

Download Full-text