scholarly journals Revisiting the histological patterns of storage tissues: beyond the limits of gall-inducing taxa

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G. Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Álvarez ◽  
Sofia C. Avritzer ◽  
Rosy M.S. Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Different Levels

Gall-inducing Aphididae may feed directly on phloem, whereas Eriophyidae and Nematoda feed on cells lining the gall chambers. We assume that a variation in structural complexity will occur within galls induced by each taxon, and that the complexity of the galls could be related to the types of storage tissue they have. Histological, histometric, and histochemical analyses were used to compare six gall systems with different levels of complexity. Such levels are not taxon-related, even though eriophyid galls are usually simpler than nematode and aphid galls. The histological features of galls allowed the classification of storage tissues into three types: typical nutritive tissues (TNT), common storage tissues (CST), and nutritive-like tissues (NLT). The TNT and NLT have cells with dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus. The CST cells are vacuolated, and may store starch and other energy-rich molecules, as do the NLT cells. In contrast to NLT or CST, the TNT serves as a direct food source for gall inducers, and it is present in nematode and some eriophyid galls. NLTs may be present in some aphid galls, but are not the direct feeding site. The CST occurs on galls of all three inducing taxa.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

A chemical–mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Debon ◽  
P. Le Fort
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTA classification is proposed, based mainly on major element analytical data plotted in a coherent set of three simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The procedure follows two complementary steps at two different levels. The first is concerned with the individual sample: the sample is given a name (e.g. granite, adamellite, granodiorite) and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second one is more important: it aims at defining the type of magmatic association (or series) to which the studied sample or group of samples belongs. Three main types of association are distinguished: cafemic (from source-material mainly or completely mantle-derived), aluminous (mainly or completely derived by anatexis of continental crust), and alumino-cafemic (intermediate between the other two types). Subtypes are then distinguished among the cafemic and alumino-cafemic associations: calc-alkaline (or granodioritic), subalkaline (or monzonitic), alkaline (and peralkaline), tholeiitic (or gabbroic-trondhjemitic), etc. In the same way, numerous subtypes and variants are also distinguished among the aluminous associations using a set of complementary criteria such as quartz content, colour index, alkali ratio, quartz–alkalies relationships and alumina index.Although involving a new approach using partly new criteria, this classification is consistent with most of the divisions used in previous typologies. The method may also be used in the classification of the volcanic equivalents of common plutonic rocks.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Genealogical Groups of Arabica Coffee by the Chemical Composition of the Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Larissa O. Fassio ◽  
Marcelo R. Malta ◽  
Gladyston R. Carvalho ◽  
Antônio A. Pereira ◽  
Ackson D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Important Marker

This work aimed to characterize and discriminate genealogical groups of coffee as to the chemical composition of the grains through the model created by PLS-DA method. 22 accessions of Coffea arabica, from the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, were divided into groups according to the genealogical origin. Samples of ripe fruits were harvested selectively and processed by the wet method, to obtain pulped coffee beans, with 11% (b.u.) of water content. The raw beans were assessed as to the content of polyphenols, total sugars, total lipids, protein, caffeine, sucrose, and fatty acids. The data were submitted the chemometric analysis, PCA and PLS-DA. The results of PLS-DA identified the variables which most influence the classification of genealogical groups and possible chemical markers to accessions processed by the pulped method. The sucrose content was an important marker for the Exotic accession group. However, the content of polyphenols has been identified as a marker for the group Tymor Hybrid, and the caffeine for the bourbon group. The different fatty acids have been identified as markers for all genealogical groups, at different levels. The model PLS-DA is effective in discriminating genealogical groups from the chemical composition of the beans.

scholarly journals Regional musical culture management in 1939-1945 (on materials of the Volga Region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Tuzova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Models ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Professional Affiliation ◽  
Functional Complex ◽  
Different Levels

The paper deals with some problems of musical institutions management in the Volga Region in 1939 1945 on the example of 8 musical cultural models of rear, frontal and front-line types: Kuibyshev, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Saratov, Engels, Kazan, Stalingrad, Astrakhan. The author reconstructs the structure and functional complex of the management component, describes the responsibilities of the commissioners of Performances and Repertoire Control Main Department at different levels and detects the role of the Communist party in the music management of the region. The author notes instability and incomplete correspondence of the administrative board in some models as a negative factor. A significant impact on musical culture management in the region provided emergency-revaluation processes: range of competencies and staff. Changes in the geography of governance structures affected the Stalingrad model of front type. Some actual data about the material provision of the management component are provided: departments placement and employees salaries. Structural complexity of administrative areas during 1939 1945 is stated. The author restores a number of regional culture managers names and their professional affiliation.

scholarly journals The Worshipers of Stones. Lacandon Sacred Stone Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Milan Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Rock Shelters

Abstract This article deals with the Lacandon cosmology, one of the few Maya cosmologies which has been exceptionally structured and until today, very well preserved. The present study is based mainly on associations related to stone. There are investigated the emic classifications of the Lacandon. Their classification of divine beings according to their location, and their connection to the stone houses, whether of natural or cultural origin. In the article are analyzed the most sacred Lacandon sites such as the rock shelters, cliffs and caves around the Lake Mensäbäk and Lake Yahaw Petha, as well as Yaxchilan, the archaeological site with the long tradition of Lacandon pilgrimages. The Lacandon believe in different types of transfer of spiritual energy through stone. The stones could be considered on different levels as the seat, heart or embodiment of deities. These relationships and contexts are very complex. The article tries to identify it and to offer some linguistic and theoretical approaches.

Pinpointing food sources: olfactory and anemotactic orientation in desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wolf ◽  
R. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Desert Ants ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Cataglyphis Fortis

Desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, search for a repeatedly visited food source by employing a combined olfactory and anemotactic orientation strategy (in addition to their visually based path-integration scheme). This behaviour was investigated by video-tracking consecutive foraging trips of individually marked ants under a variety of experimental conditions, including manipulations of the olfactory and wind-detecting systems of the ants. If the wind blows from a constant direction, ants familiar with the feeding site follow outbound paths that lead them into an area 0.5-2.5 m downwind of the feeding station. Here, the ants apparently pick up odour plumes emanating from the food source and follow these by steering an upwind course until they reach the feeder. If the food is removed, foragers usually concentrate their search movements within the area downwind of the feeding site. Only when the wind happens to subside or when tail-wind conditions prevail do the ants steer direct courses towards the food. Elimination of olfactory input by clipping the antennal flagella, or of wind perception by immobilising the bases of the antennae, altered the foraging behaviour of the ants in ways that supported these interpretations. Ants with clipped flagella were never observed to collect food items.

Data Science for Business Analytics and Business Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 495-508
Author(s):  
Matthias Lederer ◽  
Patrick Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Different Levels

Data science as the interdisciplinary collection of methods and techniques to support businesses is becoming more and more popular. This article begins with definitions and shows how systematically competitive advantages can be built up on the basis of digital data. Essential sources and types of data-driven knowledge are introduced. Then a classification of approaches of data science concepts is explained. A distinction is made between Business Analytics and Business Intelligence as different levels of analytical skills. The paper goes into depth with these concepts and presents concrete techniques, algorithms, and application scenarios. Thus, the contribution introduces State of the Art approaches to analysis, control, monitoring but also to advanced approaches such as prediction, simulation, and optimization.

scholarly journals Ensemble Deep Learning for Multilabel Binary Classification of User-Generated Content

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Haralabopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Derek McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Multiple Classifiers ◽  
Different Levels

Sentiment analysis usually refers to the analysis of human-generated content via a polarity filter. Affective computing deals with the exact emotions conveyed through information. Emotional information most frequently cannot be accurately described by a single emotion class. Multilabel classifiers can categorize human-generated content in multiple emotional classes. Ensemble learning can improve the statistical, computational and representation aspects of such classifiers. We present a baseline stacked ensemble and propose a weighted ensemble. Our proposed weighted ensemble can use multiple classifiers to improve classification results without hyperparameter tuning or data overfitting. We evaluate our ensemble models with two datasets. The first dataset is from Semeval2018-Task 1 and contains almost 7000 Tweets, labeled with 11 sentiment classes. The second dataset is the Toxic Comment Dataset with more than 150,000 comments, labeled with six different levels of abuse or harassment. Our results suggest that ensemble learning improves classification results by 1.5 % to 5.4 % .

scholarly journals Interactivity features of Online Newspapers: from a facsimile model to a multimedia model one. Interactivity in online journals.

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María-José Baños-Moreno ◽  
Juan-Antonio Pastor-Sánchez ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez-Béjar
Keyword(s):  
User Generated Content ◽  
Multimedia Model ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Online Journals ◽  
Media Firms ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this article is to know the current interactivity options in online newspapers. To do this, we analyze the concept of (structural) interactivity and establish a measuring tool based on some previous methodologies. This model includes a classification of newspapers into stages of development. In this way, we provide a tool, which allows media firms to know the degree of interactivity in newspapers, assessing what dimensions and parameters are being incorporated. It was applied to a sample of 21 online newspapers. Results show poor implementation of participation and customization options. There is a niche to be covered by sections of user-generated content and closer collaboration journalists-citizens. It will require a real adaptation to the new possibilities of interaction with readers at different levels of involvement and participation. The majority of newspapers are classified in a digital stage and some of them are close to the multimedia phase.

scholarly journals MULTIPLICATION AND SURVIVAL OF TUBERCLE BACILLI IN THE ORGANS OF MICE

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia H. Pierce ◽  
René J. Dubos ◽  
Werner B. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Different Levels

Cultures of tubercle bacilli (typical bovine and human strains) known to differ in the severity of the lesions they induce in experimental animals, were injected in various doses into the cerebrum, peritoneal cavity, or blood stream of mice. Quantitative determinations of the numbers of living bacilli present in the tissues at different intervals of time after infection led to the following classification of the cultures tested:— (a) Certain well known variant forms of tubercle bacilli were found to be unable to multiply in vivo, although they could survive for many weeks in the tissues of mice. These organisms proved to be truly avirulent. (b) Other variant forms underwent multiplication in vivo, even when extremely small infective doses were used, but could not give rise to progressive disease. It is proposed to designate these strains, which produce only abortive infections, as "attenuated." Different levels of attenuation could be detected. The maximum numbers of living bacilli that were recovered from the tissues corresponded directly to the severity and duration of the abortive lesions that could be produced by the strain in guinea pigs or in mice and were characteristic for each strain tested. The two BCG substrains tested were found to differ markedly in their level of attenuation. (c) The cultures virulent for guinea pigs were also capable of establishing a progressive infection in mice even when small infective doses were used. In the case of the attenuated and virulent strains, the population of living bacilli present in the lungs was at first much lower than that in the spleen, but it continued to increase in the former organs throughout the period of observation. This was notably true in the case of the virulent cultures. In contrast, the numbers of living bacilli in the spleen rapidly reached a maximum in the case of all cultures and then decreased progressively. For a given infective dose, and a given interval of time after inoculation, the maximum levels of living bacterial population attained in the spleen and in the lungs proved to be a direct expression of the virulence of the strain.

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