Diversity of leaf secretory structures in five Neotropical genera of Primulaceae: ecological aspects and evolutionary significance

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Nunes de Luna ◽  
Maria de Fátima Freitas ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Development

Many species of Primulaceae have chemical or medicinal importance, directly related to the presence of an important set of secretory structures distributed throughout the entire plant. Such structures are not only relevant in a pharmaceutical context, but also for taxonomic, systematic, and evolutionary studies within the family. Despite this, studies of the secretory structures in Primulaceae are still scarce. In this context, we aimed to identify and classify the diversity of secretory structures on the leaves of five Neotropical Primulaceae genera belonging to the Myrsinoideae and Theophrastoideae subfamilies, using light, confocal, and epifluorescence microscopy analysis. The species we studied had a diversity of secretory structures: mucilaginous and phenolic-content idioblasts, glandular trichomes, hydathodes, and secretory cavities/ducts. The development of secretory cavities and trichomes is asynchronous and begins before tissue and leaf maturation. Secretory cavities derive from a ground meristem cell and follow a schizogenous mode of development. The chemical nature of the secretion is diverse and varies according to the type of secretory structure and among species. Here, we hypothesize that both peltate glandular trichomes and secretory cavities may be considered a synapomorphy for Primulaceae. Moreover, we suggest that environmental factors have shaped the diversification of function of the secretory structures found in Primulaceae.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic implications of the anatomical study of the Amburaneae clade (Fabaceae: Faboideae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
João Pedro Silvério Pena Bento ◽  
Edna Scremin-Dias ◽  
Flávio Macedo Alves ◽  
Vidal De Freitas Mansano ◽  
Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of early-diverging Faboideae have indicated that genera previously positioned in distinct tribes are instead closely related, e.g. in the Amburaneae clade, and the relatively recent rearrangements of many genera into clades has hampered the identification of morphological synapomorphies for previously unrecognized clades. Our aims are to evaluate anatomical vegetative characters of leaflets attached to reproductive features in the Amburaneae clade, to identify new synapomorphies for the clade and subclades, to identify characters supporting intergeneric relationships and diagnostic characters for the genus and species and to provide information about the morphology and histochemistry of secretory structures. The study was based on the anatomy of the leaflet of 19 species of the Amburaneae clade. Papillae cells, the presence of vascular system units and hypodermis are shared features of Amburaneae. Anatomical characters of the leaflet can be diagnostic at the generic and specific levels in Amburaneae. Secretory structures found in the clade are secretory cavities, secretory channels, idioblasts, mucilaginous epidermal cells and glandular trichomes. The broader concept of Amburaneae is reinforced here by morphological and molecular data, with the identification of new synapomorphies. Our dataset supports the intergeneric relationships resolved by molecular data.

Anatomy of vegetative organs with an emphasis on the secretory structures of two species of Aldama (Asteraceae–Heliantheae)

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuane Oliveira ◽  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Underground System

Aldama arenaria (Baker) E.E.Schill. & Panero and Aldama robusta (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero are aromatic plants, morphologically very similar and usually confused on the analysis of exsiccates. The present study aimed to identify the secretory structures present in vegetative organs and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value between A. arenaria and A. robusta based on an examination of these organs. Aldama arenaria and A. robusta exhibit hydathodes in the dentate ornamentations of the leaf margins and apices in addition to glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and ducts, all of which vary with respect to type and location in each species. Xylopodia and adventitious roots constitute the underground system. The xylopodium is covered by epidermis or by suberised cells resulting from periclinal divisions of parenchyma cells. The tuberisation process of adventitious roots results mainly from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of medullary cells, especially in A. arenaria. Through anatomical analysis, useful features for distinction between A. arenaria and A. robusta in exsiccates and fresh materials were identified, and these features were related mainly to the position and frequency of secretory structures.

Leaf secretory tissues in Myrsine coriacea and Myrsine venosa (Primulaceae): ontogeny, morphology, and chemical composition of essential oils

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Nunes de Luna ◽  
Anna Carina Antunes e Defaveri ◽  
Alice Sato ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
Maria de Fátima Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
First Time

Secretory structures are an outstanding feature in Primulaceae (Ericales). Such structures are known for their taxonomical and medicinal importance. However, a detailed morphological study of the secretory structures in Primulaceae has been neglected. Selected species for this study belong to Myrsine, a widely distributed genus in Brazil, popularly known as “capororoca”. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the ontogenesis of the secretory structures in the leaves of Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem & Schult. and Myrsine venosa A.DC. and report, for the first time, on the composition of their essential oils. The following secretory structures are found in M. coriacea and M. venosa: idioblasts, glandular trichomes, and secretory cavities. The development of all secretory structures, which is asynchronous, occurs during leaf expansion and differentiation; therefore, in leaf primordia, the same type of secretory structure could be observed at different stages of differentiation. By the complete expansion of leaf primordia, all secretory structures have reached their full size. Idioblasts are derived from both protodermal and ground meristem cells and they secrete mucilage or phenolic compounds. The glandular trichomes can be peltate, as found in both species, or branched, as found only in M. coriacea. Trichomes are initiated by the enlargement of protodermal cells, followed by their division, and they are completely formed by the end of leaf expansion. Secretory cavities are schizogenous and originated from ground meristem cells. Major components from M. coriacea essential oils were β-elemene, γ-muurolene, and α-cadinene, while the major components of M. venosa essential oils were β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, and δ-cadinene.

scholarly journals Secretory Cavities and Volatiles of Myrrhinium Atropurpureum Schott var. atropurpureum (Myrtaceae): An Endemic Species Collected in the Restingas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Cristiane Pimentel Victório ◽  
Claudio B. Moreira ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Souza ◽  
Alice Sato ◽  
Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Secretory Cavities

In this study, we investigated the leaf anatomy and the composition of volatiles in Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum endemic to Rio de Janeiro restingas. Particularly, leaf secretory structures were described using light microscopy, and histochemical tests were performed from fresh leaves to localize the secondary metabolites. To observe secretory cavities, fixed leaf samples were free-hand sectioned. To evaluate lipophilic compounds and terpenoids the following reagents were employed: Sudans III and IV, Red oil O and Nile blue. Leaf volatiles were characterized by gas chromatography after hydrodistillation (HD) or simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). Leaf analysis showed several cavities in mesophyll that are the main sites of lipophilic and terpenoid production. Monoterpenes, which represented more than 80% of the major volatiles, were characterized mainly by α- and β-pinene and 1,8-cineole. In order to provide tools for M. atropurpureum identification, the following distinguishing characteristics were revealed by the following data: 1) adaxial face clear and densely punctuated by the presence of round or ellipsoidal secretory cavities randomly distributed in the mesophyll; 2) the presence of cells overlying the upper neck cells of secretory cavities; 3) the presence of numerous paracytic stomata distributed on the abaxial leaf surface, but absent in vein regions and leaf margin; and 4) non-glandular trichomes on both leaf surfaces. Our study of the compounds produced by the secretory cavities of M. atropurpureum led us to conclude that volatile terpenoid class are the main secretory compounds and that they consist of a high concentration of monoterpenes, which may indicate the phytotherapeutic importance of this plant.

scholarly journals Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of three Asteraceae species

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Milan ◽  
Adriana Hissae Hayashi ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Mikania Glomerata ◽  
Secretory Ducts

The objective of this paper was to describe and compare the morphology and anatomy of mature leaves of Mikania glomerata Spreng., Porophyllum ruderale Cass. and Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae) species that have different habits emphasizing their secretory structures. Longitudinal and transversal sections of mature leaf blades of the three species were analyzed at the apex, base, and medium third part of the midvein of the leaf blade and of the margin. M. glomerata had uniseriate glandular trichomes and secretory ducts; P. ruderale had hydathodes and secretory cavities; and V. condensata had idioblasts and uni-and biseriate glandular trichomes.

Foliar colleters in Anacardiaceae: first report for the family

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Stechhahn Lacchia ◽  
Elisabeth E.A. Dantas Tölke ◽  
Sandra M. Carmello-Guerreiro ◽  
Lia Ascensão ◽  
Diego Demarco
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Secretory Products

Colleters are secretory structures widely distributed in eudicots and with taxonomic value in many families. Although glandular trichomes have been described in some Anacardiaceae species, the chemical characterization of their secretions is scarce and to date there are no reports on colleters. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the distribution and structure of colleters on the vegetative buds of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil., Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl., Spondias dulcis Parkinson, and Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and to characterize their secretory products histochemically. In all of these Anacardiaceae species, colleters are multicellular and multiseriate ovoid or club-shaped glandular trichomes of protodermic origin, present on both surfaces of leaf primordia. They reach the secretory phase at early stages of leaf development, after which they gradually degenerate, become brown, and fall off. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretion within the glandular cells and outside the trichomes is a complex mixture containing mucilage, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, which are secretory products that can play an important role in the protection of meristems against desiccation and attack by pathogens. Therefore, the distribution of these glandular trichomes, their short-life, the chemical nature of their secretions and their presumed functions support their being classified as colleters.

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Macroscopy and Microscopy Study of Scopraia dulcis L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Djoko Santosa ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
SM Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Selection Of

A morphological diversity analysis of Scoparia dulcis by macroscopy and microscopy has been conducted. The aim of this research is to determine the morphological and anatomical character of S. dulcis which grow in Opak watershed, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Samples were taken from Sleman (Cangkringan, Ngemplak Kalasan, and Prambanan) and Bantul (Imogiri and Pundong) region. Selection of sampling location is based on altitude difference. The samples are the third leaf order from the tip of the stem. They were measured in length and width. Microscopy analysis was performed by observing the number of glandular trichomes, palisade cells in the epidermis and stomata in the upper and lower epidermis. The data obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that based on morphological and anatomical assessment, there were found 3 clusters of S. dulcis, i.e. Cangkringan-Ngemplak-Prambanan, Kalasan, and Imogiri-Pundong cluster.

scholarly journals Anatomy and fructan distribution in vegetative organs of Dimerostemma vestitum (Asteraceae) from the campos rupestres

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 797-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiza M. Silva ◽  
Divina A.A. Vilhalva ◽  
Moemy G. Moraes ◽  
Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Aerial Stem ◽  
High Degree

Among the compounds stored by plants, several functions are assigned to fructans, such as source of energy and protection against drought and extreme temperatures. In the present study we analyzed the anatomy and distribution of fructans in vegetative organs of Dimerostemma vestitum (Asteraceae), an endemic species from the Brazilian campos rupestres. D. vestitum has amphistomatic and pubescent leaves, with both glandular and non-glandular trichomes. In the basal aerial stem the medulla has two types of parenchyma, which differ from the apical portion. The xylopodium has mixed anatomical origin. Interestingly, although inulin-type fructans with high degree of polymerization were found in all analyzed organs except the leaves, the highest amount and maximum degree of polymerization were detected in the xylopodium. Inulin sphero-crystals were visualized under polarized light in the medulla and in the vascular tissues mainly in the central region of the xylopodium, which has abundant xylem parenchyma. Secretory structures accumulating several compounds but not inulin were identified within all the vegetative organs. The presence of these compounds, in addition to inulin, might be related to the strategies of plants to survive adverse conditions in a semi-arid region, affected seasonally by water restriction and frequently by fire.

scholarly journals Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Flowers of Stachys Germanica Subsp. Salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae) and Related Secretory Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giuliani ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Laura Maleci Bini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
First Time

The essential oils from both leaves (L) and flowers (F) of Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae/Lamiaceae) from Italy were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The distribution, morphology and histochemistry of the different types of glandular trichomes present on the epidermal surface were also determined. Twenty-nine constituents, representing 89.4% of the total leaf oil, and forty-one compounds, forming 97.8% of the total flower oil, were identified. Germacrene D (39.4%), phytol (10.2%), β-bourbonene (3.5%) and β-ylangene (3.3%) were recognized as the main constituents of the leaf essential oil, while limonene (24.1%), β-pinene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.8%) and ( E)-nerolidol (6.6%) were the main compounds of the flower essential oil.

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