Inter- and intra-varietal variation in aerobic methane emissions from environmentally stressed pea plants

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Mohammad I. Abo Gamar ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Environmental stress factors can influence methane (CH4) emissions from plants. There are a few studies on the interactive effects of stress factors on plant aerobic CH4, but none on the comparative evaluation of CH4 emissions between and among plant varieties. We examined the effects of temperature, UVB radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions from 10 pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties first and then selected two varieties with the highest (237J Sundance; var. 1) and lowest (422 Ho Lan Dow; var. 2) emissions for further studies. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (22 °C / 18 °C and 28 °C / 24 °C, 16 h light / 8 h dark), two UVB levels (0 and 5 kJ·m−2·d−1), and two watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) for 14 days, after one week of growth under 22 °C / 18 °C. Higher temperatures and water stress increased CH4 emissions, and increased emission was associated with stress. Pea varieties varied in growth and CH4 emissions; var. 1 was more stressed and had higher emission than var. 2. In the stressed variety, the water-stressed plants grown under higher temperatures at UVB5 had the highest CH4 emission, whereas the well-watered plants grown under lower temperatures at UVB5 had the lowest emission. We conclude that climatic stress conditions increase CH4 emissions, which vary with plant varieties.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: II. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CABINETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stanfield ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
H. F. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effects of day/night temperature regimes from 7/4 to 32/24 °C on growth and development of Pisum sativum L. var. Dark Skin Perfection were studied in controlled-environment cabinets. Light intensity was about 1500 foot-candles and the photoperiod was 16 hours. Rate of plant development, in terms of nodes produced per day, increased steadily as the average temperature increased. Rate of stem elongation, however, was most rapid at 21/13 °C; and plant height was greatest at 16/10 °C. On a dry matter accumulation rate basis, vine growth decreased above and below a temperature optimum which shifted from 21/16 to 16/10 °C in the course of plant development. The combination of high day and high night temperatures caused an increase in the number of nodes to the first flower. Tillering was most prolific at the lower temperatures and was absent at 32 °C day temperatures. Pea yield decreased as temperature increased above 16/10 °C, due mainly to a reduction in the number of pods per plant.

Effects of Temperature on Damage to Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) by the Scentless Plant Bug Niesthrea louisianica

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Robert D. Coffin ◽  
Neal R. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Increase Population Density

In controlled-environment chambers, the scentless plant bug Niesthrea louisianica Sailer damaged reproductive structures of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik. # ABUTH) and reduced viable seed production by 98 to 99%, in comparison with insect-free control plants. The insect completed its life cycle on velvetleaf in two temperature regimes simulating warm growing-season conditions in Mississippi (29/23 C day/night) and Minnesota (24/18 C). Feeding by N. louisianica delayed flowering, capsule development, and capsule and seed maturation in biotypes of velvetleaf from Mississippi and Minnesota, in both temperature regimes. Numbers and weights of capsules and seed were lower in the infested plants. Augmentation of natural populations of N. louisianica to increase population density early in the growing season might be effective in reducing velvetleaf seed production.

A note on the effect of temperature on the performance of early-weaned pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McCracken ◽  
B. J. Caldwell ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Temperature

ABSTRACTTwo temperature regimes were compared in relation to the growth and feed conversion ratio of groups of cage-reared pigs between 10 and 38 days of age. The treatments were: 27°C at 10 days reducing by 1°C every 4 days to 20°C at 38 days; and 27°C at 10 days reducing by 1°C daily to 20°C at 17 days and then remaining constant. Twelve replicates using 244 pigs were completed, the group size varying between 9 and 12 pigs. The mean growth rates on the two temperature regimes were respectively 234 and 243 g/day, and in both cases feed conversion ratio (kg DM/kg gain) averaged 1·03. It is concluded that temperatures lower than those currently recommended for pigs weaned at 14 to 16 days into controlled-environment houses would support satisfactory performance with direct savings in heating costs under winter conditions.

Variation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Ecology of Cowcockle (Vaccaria hispanica)

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema S. N. Duddu ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Cowcockle, an introduced summer annual weed of the Northern Great Plains, is being considered for domestication because of its high quality starch, cyclopeptides, and saponins. Loss of seed dormancy is one of the key desirable traits for domestication. To determine the potential for domestication of this species, an understanding of the seed dormancy and germination patterns is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seed dormancy in cowcockle ecotypes and determine how temperature and light affect seed dormancy. We evaluated 15 populations of cowcockle for primary dormancy by exposing them to five temperatures (5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 C) under two temperature regimes (constant and alternating) in both dark and light conditions. Freshly matured seeds of all the populations showed high levels of primary dormancy except ‘Mongolia’. Lower levels of dormancy at medium temperatures (10 and 15 C) and greater dormancy at low and high temperatures suggest conditional dormancy, a state at which seeds germinate over a narrower range of conditions compared to nondormant seeds. The effects of temperature regime, light, and their interaction was significant only at suboptimal (5 and 7.5 C) and supraoptimal (20 C) temperatures. Under these conditions, alternating temperatures were more effective in breaking the conditional dormancy, followed by light. The variation in optimum temperature, light, and their interactions among the cowcockle populations may be due to the plants evolving to adapt to their local environments. From a domestication perspective, the conditional dormancy in cowcockle can be observed as an evolutionary mechanism that prevents untimely germination following maturity and may not be a major obstacle for its domestication.

scholarly journals Impact of water stress under ambient and elevated carbon dioxide across three temperature regimes on soybean canopy gas exchange and productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shardendu K. Singh ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy ◽  
Mura Jyostna Devi ◽  
Dennis J. Timlin
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Temperature Regimes

AbstractThe present study investigated the interactive effects of three environmental stress factors elevated CO2, temperature, and drought stress on soybean growth and yield. Experiments were conducted in the sunlit, controlled environment Soil–Plant–Atmosphere–Research chambers under two-level of irrigation (WW-well water and WS-water stress-35%WW) and CO2 (aCO2-ambient 400 µmol mol−1 and eCO2-elevated 800 µmol mol−1) and each at the three day/night temperature regimes of 24/18 °C (MLT-moderately low), 28/22 °C (OT-optimum), and 32/26 °C (MHT-moderately high). Results showed the greatest negative impact of WS on plant traits such as canopy photosynthesis (PCnet), total dry weight (TDwt), and seed yield. The decreases in these traits under WS ranged between 40 and 70% averaged across temperature regimes with a greater detrimental impact in plants grown under aCO2 than eCO2. The MHT had an increased PCnet, TDwt, and seed yield primarily under eCO2, with a greater increase under WW than WS conditions. The eCO2 stimulated PCnet, TDwt, and seed yield more under WS than WW. For instance, on average across T regimes, eCO2 stimulated around 25% and 90% dry mass under WW and WS, respectively, relative to aCO2. Overall, eCO2 appears to benefit soybean productivity, at least partially, under WS and the moderately warmer temperature of this study.

scholarly journals Seed Developmental Temperature Regulation of Thermotolerance in Lettuce

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sung ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Russell T. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Lettuce Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
High Soil Temperature

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds can fail to germinate at temperatures above 24 °C. The degree of thermotolerance is thought to be at least partly related to the environment under which the seed developed. In order to study the effects of temperature during seed development on subsequent germination, various lettuce genotypes were screened for their ability to germinate at temperatures ranging from 20 to 38 °C. Seeds of the selected genotypes `Dark Green Boston' and `Valmaine' (thermosensitive), `Floricos 83', `Everglades', and PI 251245 (thermotolerant) were produced at 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 °C day/night temperature regimes in plant growth chambers. Seeds were germinated on a thermogradient bar from 24 to 36 °C under 12 h light/dark cycles. As germination temperature increased, the number of seeds that failed to germinate increased. Above 27 °C, seeds matured at 20/10 or 25/15 °C exhibited a lower percent germination than seeds that matured at 30/20 or 35/25 °C. Seeds of `Dark Green Boston' and `Everglades' that matured at 30/20 °C exhibited improved thermotolerance over those that matured at lower temperatures. Seeds of `Valmaine' produced at 20/10 °C exhibited 40% germination at 30 °C, but seeds that matured at higher temperatures exhibited over 95% germination. Germination of `Valmaine' at temperatures above 30 °C was not affected by seed maturation temperature. The upper temperature limit for germination of lettuce seed could thus be modified by manipulating the temperature during seed production. The potential thermotolerance of seed thereby increased, wherein thermosensitive genotypes became thermotolerant and thermotolerant genotypes (e.g., PI251245) germinated fully at 36 °C. This information is useful for improving lettuce seed germination during periods of high soil temperature, and can be used to study the biology of thermotolerance in lettuce.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON PHOTOSYNTHATE PARTITIONING IN ALFALFA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAFAA AL-HAMDANI ◽  
GLENN W. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Photosynthate Partitioning ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This study was conducted to examine the effects of three temperature regimes (12/2 °C, 21/8 °C, and 34/25 °C day/night) on photosynthate partitioning in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for approximately 3 mo and then clipped back. When regrowth was at the bud stage, the plants were placed in growth chambers at the three temperatures, all having a photoperiod of 14 h. Two hours after the onset of the photoperiod of the second day, foliar application of 14C-labelled urea was used to provide a source of 14CO2 for tracing the movement of photosynthate from the source leaf to other parts of the alfalfa plant. Plants were harvested 24 h later and each plant was subdivided into six portions. The plant parts included the source leaf, treated upper shoot, treated lower shoot, untreated shoot, crown and roots. The percent of 14C exported of the total recovered radioactivity by the source leaf increased as temperature increased. As temperature increased, radioactivity recovery was increased in treated upper shoot, untreated shoots, and roots. The highest recovery of 14C by the crown was at 21/8 °C. followed by those in 12/2 °C and 34/25 °C, respectively. Total 14C recovered from the treated lower shoot was decreased as temperature increased.Key words: Relative specific activity (RSA), total plant radioactivity, translocation, 14C, Medicago sativa L., alfalfa

scholarly journals Temperature and Genotype Affect Anthocyanin Concentrations in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 864A-864
Author(s):  
Aparna Gazula* ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens ◽  
Peter P. Ling ◽  
John G. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Lighting Regimen

In addition to their physiological and metabolic roles, anthocyanin (Antho) levels in lettuce contribute to visual and nutritional value-based assessments of crop quality. Although 7 genes are now thought to help regulate Antho synthesis, deposition and/or degradation in lettuce, the genetic and abiotic controls of Antho levels remain less well characterized in lettuce than other plants. Previous greenhouse studies demonstrated that Antho levels in diverse lettuce varieties are a function of temperature and lighting regimen. Here, three strongly related Lolla Rossa-type varieties (`Lotto', `Valeria', and `Impuls') varying in the number of genes controlling intensity of anthocyanins were subjected to differential temperature conditions in growth chambers to better discern the independent and interactive effects of temperature (T) and variety (V) on Antho levels. Fifteen day-old seedlings were placed into one of three chambers maintained at 20 °C day/night (D/N), 30 °C/20 °C D/N or 30 °C D/N. Antho levels were measured in leaf tissue collected 30 d after transplanting. The entire experiment was replicated twice. Although significant, the T x V interaction resulted from differences in the magnitude, not direction, of the change in Antho concentrations among varieties with changes in T. This suggests that T was a main driver of Antho levels in this study. Regardless of V, Antho concentrations were highest, moderate and lowest after growth at 20 °C D/N, 30 °C/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N, respectively. Likewise, regardless of T, Antho levels followed the pattern `Impuls' (three genes) > `Valeria' (two genes) > `Lotto' (one gene). Correlations among instrumented and human eye-based evaluations of color are also being tested in samples from both studies.

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