scholarly journals Temperature and Genotype Affect Anthocyanin Concentrations in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 864A-864
Author(s):  
Aparna Gazula* ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens ◽  
Peter P. Ling ◽  
John G. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Lighting Regimen

In addition to their physiological and metabolic roles, anthocyanin (Antho) levels in lettuce contribute to visual and nutritional value-based assessments of crop quality. Although 7 genes are now thought to help regulate Antho synthesis, deposition and/or degradation in lettuce, the genetic and abiotic controls of Antho levels remain less well characterized in lettuce than other plants. Previous greenhouse studies demonstrated that Antho levels in diverse lettuce varieties are a function of temperature and lighting regimen. Here, three strongly related Lolla Rossa-type varieties (`Lotto', `Valeria', and `Impuls') varying in the number of genes controlling intensity of anthocyanins were subjected to differential temperature conditions in growth chambers to better discern the independent and interactive effects of temperature (T) and variety (V) on Antho levels. Fifteen day-old seedlings were placed into one of three chambers maintained at 20 °C day/night (D/N), 30 °C/20 °C D/N or 30 °C D/N. Antho levels were measured in leaf tissue collected 30 d after transplanting. The entire experiment was replicated twice. Although significant, the T x V interaction resulted from differences in the magnitude, not direction, of the change in Antho concentrations among varieties with changes in T. This suggests that T was a main driver of Antho levels in this study. Regardless of V, Antho concentrations were highest, moderate and lowest after growth at 20 °C D/N, 30 °C/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N, respectively. Likewise, regardless of T, Antho levels followed the pattern `Impuls' (three genes) > `Valeria' (two genes) > `Lotto' (one gene). Correlations among instrumented and human eye-based evaluations of color are also being tested in samples from both studies.

scholarly journals Temperature and Cultivar Effects on Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll b Concentrations in Three Related Lollo Rosso Lettuce Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Gazula ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
John G. Streeter ◽  
A. Raymond Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Leaf Pigment ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Pigment Concentrations

Pigment concentrations in leaf tissue affect the visual and nutritional value-based indices of lettuce crop quality. To better discern the independent and interactive effects of temperature and cultivar on anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations, three closely related Lolla Rosso lettuce cultivars (`Lotto', `Valeria', and `Impuls'), varying primarily in the number of genes controlling anthocyanin concentrations, were subjected to different air temperatures in controlled environments. Fifteen-day-old seedlings previously grown at 20 °C day/night (D/N) were transplanted into growth chambers maintained at 20 °C (D/N), 30/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N air temperatures. Twenty days later, leaf tissue was sampled for measures of pigment concentrations, calculated based on spectrophotometric absorbance readings taken at 530 nm (anthocyanin) and 660 nm (chlorophyll b) respectively. Although significant, the temperature × cultivar interaction resulted from differences in the magnitude (not direction) of the change in pigment concentrations among cultivars with changes in temperature. Regardless of cultivar, anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations were highest, moderate and lowest after growth at 20 °C D/N, 30/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N respectively. Likewise, irrespective of temperature, anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations followed the pattern `Impuls' (three genes) > `Valeria' (two genes) > `Lotto' (one gene). These data provide additional strong evidence that lettuce leaf pigment concentrations and growing temperatures are negatively related. The data also suggest that low temperatures during the dark phase may mitigate high temperature-driven reductions in lettuce leaf pigment levels.

Inter- and intra-varietal variation in aerobic methane emissions from environmentally stressed pea plants

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Mohammad I. Abo Gamar ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Environmental stress factors can influence methane (CH4) emissions from plants. There are a few studies on the interactive effects of stress factors on plant aerobic CH4, but none on the comparative evaluation of CH4 emissions between and among plant varieties. We examined the effects of temperature, UVB radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions from 10 pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties first and then selected two varieties with the highest (237J Sundance; var. 1) and lowest (422 Ho Lan Dow; var. 2) emissions for further studies. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (22 °C / 18 °C and 28 °C / 24 °C, 16 h light / 8 h dark), two UVB levels (0 and 5 kJ·m−2·d−1), and two watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) for 14 days, after one week of growth under 22 °C / 18 °C. Higher temperatures and water stress increased CH4 emissions, and increased emission was associated with stress. Pea varieties varied in growth and CH4 emissions; var. 1 was more stressed and had higher emission than var. 2. In the stressed variety, the water-stressed plants grown under higher temperatures at UVB5 had the highest CH4 emission, whereas the well-watered plants grown under lower temperatures at UVB5 had the lowest emission. We conclude that climatic stress conditions increase CH4 emissions, which vary with plant varieties.

Interactive effects of temperature and redox on soil carbon and iron cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 108235
Author(s):  
Nikhil R. Chari ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Yuan S. Lin ◽  
Whendee L. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Iron Cycling ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Vegetation and microbes interact to preserve carbon in many wooded peatlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Jianqing Tian ◽  
Huai Chen ◽  
Mengchi Ho ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recalcitrant Carbon ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractPeatlands have persisted as massive carbon sinks over millennia, even during past periods of climate change. The commonly accepted theory of abiotic controls (mainly anoxia and low temperature) over carbon decomposition cannot fully explain how vast low-latitude shrub/tree dominated (wooded) peatlands consistently accrete peat under warm and seasonally unsaturated conditions. Here we show, by comparing the composition and ecological traits of microbes between Sphagnum- and shrub-dominated peatlands, that slow-growing microbes decisively dominate the studied shrub-dominated peatlands, concomitant with plant-induced increases in highly recalcitrant carbon and phenolics. The slow-growing microbes metabolize organic matter thirty times slower than the fast-growing microbes that dominate our Sphagnum-dominated site. We suggest that the high-phenolic shrub/tree induced shifts in microbial composition may compensate for positive effects of temperature and/or drought on metabolism over time in peatlands. This biotic self-sustaining process that modulates abiotic controls on carbon cycling may improve projections of long-term, climate-carbon feedbacks in peatlands.

Use of a Modified Gompertz Equation to Predict the Effects of Temperature, pH, and NaCl on the Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Heated in Infant Formula

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. LINTON ◽  
W. H. CARTER ◽  
M. D. PIERSON ◽  
C. R. HACKNEY ◽  
J. D. EIFERT
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in infant formula for all possible combinations of temperature (50, 55, and 60°C), pH level (5, 6, and 7), and NaCl concentration (0, 2, and 4%). Survival curves were fit using nonlinear regression with a Gompertz equation. The Gompertz equation was flexible enough to fit the three most commonly observed survival curves: linear curves, those with an initial lag region followed by a linear region, and sigmoidal shaped. Parameter estimates obtained by the method of nonlinear least squares were used to describe the effect(s) of different heating treatments on the lag region, death rate, and tailing region of survival curves. These estimates were further used to predict single and interactive effects of temperature, pH, and percentage of NaCl on the log of the surviving fraction (LSF) of bacteria. Interactions among these variables significantly (P ≤ .05) affected the LSF. Generally, increased pH or NaCl concentration lead to an increased LSF, whereas increased time or temperature lead to a decreased LSF. All multiple-factor interactions significantly (P ≤ .05) affected the LSF. The correlation of observed LSF versus predicted LSF (R2 = .92) indicated that the estimated Gompertz equation was in close agreement with the observation. This study demonstrated that the Gompertz equation and nonlinear regression can be used as an effective means to predict survival curve shape and response to heat of L. monocytogenes under many different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Light Quality and Temperature on Arabidopsis Growth and Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-941
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Chunmei Xue ◽  
Le Kong ◽  
Ruining Li ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Abstract We report here the interactive effects of three light qualities (white, red and blue) and three growth temperatures (16�C, 22�C and 28�C) on rosette growth, hypocotyl elongation and disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. While an increase in temperature promotes hypocotyl elongation irrespective of light quality, the effects of temperature on rosette growth and disease resistance are dependent on light quality. Maximum rosette growth rate under white, red and blue light are observed at 28�C, 16�C and 22�C, respectively. The highest disease resistance is observed at 16�C under all three light conditions, but the highest susceptibility is observed at 28�C for white light and 22�C for red and blue light. Interestingly, rosette growth is inhibited by phytochrome B (PHYB) under blue light at 28�C and by cryptochromes (CRYs) under red light at 16�C. In addition, disease resistance is inhibited by PHYB under blue light and promoted by CRYs under red light. Therefore, this study reveals a complex interaction between light and temperature in modulating rosette growth and disease resistance as well as the contribution of PHYB and CRY to disease resistance.

Factors influencing infection, colonization and symptom expression in barley by Rhynchosporium secalis

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
West China ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Germ Tube Growth

Germ tube growth and mycelium establishment of Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of scald in barley, were studied in seven resistant and four susceptible barley hosts of known genotype. Although no visible symptoms were apparent, none of the resistant hosts were free from mycelium establishment in leaf tissue. The resistant hosts could be divided into two categories according to the rate of germ tube growth. The effect of host age, duration of incubation period, temperature, spore concentration, and pathogen age on symptom expression in the 11 genotypes was examined. Excluding the effects of temperature, the resistant genotypes could be grouped into (a) those expressing their resistance consistently, e.g. Psaknon, Atlas 46, Atlas 57, Hudson and Turk, and (b) those expressing their resistance inconsistently, e.g. West China and La Mesita. High temperature caused breakdown of resistance in Psaknon, Turk, Hudson and West China. The pathogenicity of one isolate (UWA307) was found to be impaired by high temperature. Implications of the above findings are discussed in relation to the disease situation in Western Australia.

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