Leaflet blade epidermis and its taxonomic significance in 13 species of Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) from Pico do Jabre, Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Francisco Lopes-Silva ◽  
Anauara Lima Silva ◽  
Ednalva Alves Vital dos Santos ◽  
Maria de Fátima Agra
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pyrostegia Venusta ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bignonieae is the largest tribe of Bignoniaceae, with 21 genera and 393 species of lianas and shrubs, 2–3-foliolate with the terminal leaflet modified as tendrils. We examined the micromorphologies of the leaflet blade epidermises of 13 species of Bignonieae belonging to Amphilophium, Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Cuspidaria, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Pyrostegia, Tanaecium, and Xylophragma, from Pico do Jabre, Paraíba, Brazil. These are lianas except for Tanaecium parviflorum (shrubby). We sought to identify epidermal leaflet parameters to support their taxonomy subject to great similarities between their vegetative characters, mainly in species of the same genus and related genera. Analyses were performed using light and scanning electron microscopy, and showed five types of epicuticular waxes, four cuticle types, three epidermal cell anticlinal wall types, and non-glandular and glandular trichomes. Hypostomatic leaves showed ten different types of stomata, with stomatal indices from 6.21% (Bignonia ramentacea) to 23.52% (Tanaecium parviflorum) and stomatal densities from 76 stomata/mm² (Pyrostegia venusta) to 752.9 (T. parviflorum). The presence of raphides in Amphilophium crucigerum and styloids in Fridericia pubescens constitute the first records for these genera. Epidermal micromorphology provided a set of distinctive characters to separate these species, representing an additional tool to support their taxonomies, as well as that of tribe Bignonieae.

scholarly journals Leaf trichomes of Portuguese Lavandula species: a comparative morphological study

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S3) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Zuzarte ◽  
A. M. Dinis ◽  
J. Canhoto ◽  
L. Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leaf Trichome ◽  
Trichome Morphology ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractLavandula species are aromatic plants that produce and accumulate essential oils in different types of glandular trichomes. The oils protect the aerial parts of the plant against herbivores and pathogens, and are of great economic value for fragrance, pharmaceutical, food and flavour industries. In Portugal there are five spontaneous species of Lavandula which are included in three different sections: Section Lavandula (L. latifolia), Section Pterostoechas (L. multifida) and Section Stoechas (L. luisieri, L. pedunculata, L. viridis). Our preliminary observations showed that these species have a high diversity of trichomes. This, associated with the fact that trichome morphology is often referred as an useful characteristic for systematic purposes, led us to investigate leaf trichome morphology in the five Portuguese species, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Trichomes of Satureja horvatii Silic (Lamiaceae): Micromorphology and histochemistry

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Marin ◽  
Lia Ascensao ◽  
Branislava Lakusic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Considering the importance of Satureja horvatii Silic as an endemic plant, and due to the essential oils produced in its glandular trichomes, we have done a comprehensive study of the micromorphology and a histochemical analysis of the plant?s glandular trichomes. This investigation was carried out using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Non-glandular unbranched and three types of glandular trichomes on the leaf surface - peltate, capitate and digitiform - were investigated. The results of histochemical tests showed a positive reaction to polysaccharides, proteins, pectins, lipids and to some secondary compounds such as terpenes, tannins and phenols in different types of glandular trichomes.

scholarly journals Leaf epidermal micromorphology in Aspidistra (Asparagaceae): diversity and taxonomic significance

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Vislobokov ◽  
Long-Fei Fu ◽  
Yi-Gang Wei ◽  
Maxim S. Nuraliev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Infraspecific Variation ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis were investigated in 69 species of Aspidistra using scanning electron microscopy. Sculpture of epidermis varies from smooth to verrucose and rugose in the genus. The abaxial epidermis of some species bears papillae, whereas the adaxial surface uniformly lacks the papillae. Sculpture type of epidermis and density of papillae are generally found to be stable characters at a species level. The infraspecific variation of epidermis sculpture, where present, ranges from smooth to verrucose or from verrucose to rugose. Micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis are shown to have potential taxonomic significance in Aspidistra; in combination with the type of shoot structure, they allow to subdivide the species into 13 groups. The groups are largely incongruent with floral morphological traits. An identification key to the studied species of Aspidistra based on vegetative characters (gross leaf and shoot morphology and characters of leaf epidermis) is presented.

scholarly journals Taxonomic significance of the abaxial lemma surface in southern African members of Helictotrichon (Poaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluoneswi C. Mashau ◽  
Lyn Fish ◽  
Abraham E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
National Herbarium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
C3 Grasses ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: Helictotrichon (excluding Amphibromus, Avenula, Helictochloa and Tricholemma), a genus of temperate C3 grasses, is represented by 14 species in southern Africa. Members of the genus are difficult to identify at species level on the basis of macromorphology alone.Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the micromorphology of the lemma surface for differentiating amongst the southern African members of Helictotrichon.Method: Lemma surfaces were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lemmas were obtained from herbarium specimens housed in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE). These were mounted on aluminium stubs using double-sided adhesive tape, sputter-coated with gold, and photographs were taken using a J840 scanning electron microscope.Results: Based on whether the lemma surface is smooth, papillate, scaberulous, scabrid or a combination of these, five groups of species are distinguished. All species, except Helictotrichon barbatum which has a smooth lemma surface, have small prickles (scaberulous). Helictotrichon leoninum, Helictotrichon quinquesetum and Helictotrichon rogerellisii have only small prickles, whilst Helictotrichon dodii, Helictotrichon hirtulum, Helictotrichon namaquense and Helictotrichon roggeveldense have, in addition, medium to large prickles (scabrid). Helictotrichon capense, Helictotrichon longifolium, Helictotrichon longum and Helictotrichon turgidulum have a combination of small prickles and papillae whilst Helictotrichon galpinii and Helictotrichon natalense have a combination of all three. A key to the groups and photos of the different types of surfaces are provided.Conclusion: The micromorphology of the lemma surface was shown to be of considerable taxonomic significance and to be extremely useful for differentiating amongst species.

scholarly journals Comparative floral surface micromorphology helps to discriminate between species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Lankesteriana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Besi ◽  
Lam S. Jia ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Christina S. Y.  Yong ◽  
Rusea Go
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Surface Micromorphology ◽  
Floral Micromorphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. The floral micromorphology of critically endangered Paphiopedilum Pfitzer [P. barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer, P. callosum var. sublaeve (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb and P. niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein] were analyzed concerning either infrageneric taxonomy or physioecological demands. The first two species are phylogenetically close and superficially identical but occur with distinct phytogeographical distributions in the region. The third species is a phylogenetically distant congener that inhabits limestone areas in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigated the surface of the dorsal sepal, synsepal, lateral petals, pouch or labellum, and staminode. Amongst the investigated features were epicuticular waxes, epicuticular ornamentation, trichome distribution and type, pustular glands, and papillae. Our study supports the distinction of P. barbatum from P. callosum var. sublaeve, which belong to subgenus Paphiopedilum, and from P. niveum, a species belonging to subgenus Brachypetalum, a separated monophyletic clade. Comparatively, P. barbatum has Type III non-glandular trichomes on the margin of its lateral petals, which are absent in P. callosum var. sublaeve. Paphiopedilum callosum var. sublaeve and P. niveum are distinguishable from P. barbatum by a confined distribution of papillae. The epicuticular ornamentation and distribution of trichomes on staminode discriminate between P. barbatum and P. callosum var. sublaeve and differentiates them from P. niveum. Compared to P. barbatum and P. niveum, stomata in P. callosum var. sublaeve were superficial with prominently raised guard cells. From the physioecological view, the absence of glandular trichomes, and the low occurrence of papillae and stomata on the floral parts explain the unscented flowers of P. barbatum and P. callosum var. sublaeve. A combination of the features examined is taxonomically valuable for delimitation of the species at the infrageneric level, although the diagnostic characters are far inadequate for a generic taxonomic revision. A study with a more extensive sampling from the three subgenera of Paphiopedilum, including subgenus Parvisepalum, is anticipated to elucidate the level of variation of the analyzed microcharacters. Key Words: physioecological importance, Peninsular Malaysia, subgenus Brachypetalum, subgenus Paphiopedilum, scanning electron microscopy, taxonomic delimitation

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

scholarly journals Unraveling the fine-tuned lemon coloration of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona

Microscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Monalisa Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Choudhury ◽  
P Sagar Achary ◽  
Harekrushna Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Pierid Butterfly ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Butterflies wings possess different types of scales to perform diverse functions. Each scale has many nano and microstructures, which interferes with light, resulting in unique coloration for each butterfly. Besides coloration, the arrangement of scales further helps in giving better survivability. Thus, analysis of wing pattern provides an overall idea about adaptation and activity of the animal. The current study deciphers the structure and composition of a wing of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona, which remains active at 42°C at which temperature all other butterflies face a tougher task for existence. In order to know the relation between survivability and adaptation in the wing, we have investigated the structural and physical composition of the wing of C. pomona under optical spectroscopy (absorption, reflectance and transmittance) along with microscopy techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy), which are not described in earlier studies. The current findings reveal unique structural arrangement within scales to provide the best fit to the animal in variable temperature.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometric Analysis Reveals for the First Time Weddellite and Sylvite Crystals on the Surface of Involucral Bracts and Petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Suzana Erić ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Alfonso Susanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tetragonal Bipyramid ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, weddellite and sylvite crystals are identified for the first time on the involucral bracts and petals of Xeranthemum annuum and Xeranthemum cylindraceum using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometric (SEM-EDS) analysis. Well-developed crystals of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O) occur in the form of a tetragonal bipyramid (hhl), rarely in combination of a bipyramid and tetragonal prism (h00). Indumentum of involucral bracts of X. cylindraceum consists of nonglandular and glandular trichomes. Sylvite (KCl) crystals are observed only on the petal surface of X. cylindraceum. The crystals of sylvite occur in the form of perfect cubes (hexahedrons), but some crystals are deformed, i.e., partially elongated. Taxonomic significance of investigated microcharacters as well as the use of SEM-EDS analysis in taxonomic studies of plants are discussed.

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