scholarly journals An Ethnobotanical Meta-Analysis of North American Medicinal Asteraceae

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kachura ◽  
Cory Steven Harris
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Selection Of Species

The Asteraceae is the largest family of plants in North America and widely used as medicine by Indigenous peoples. This study investigated the medicinal ethnobotany of North American Asteraceae to identify taxa that appear preferentially selected or avoided for general and specific medicinal uses. Asteraceae-specific ethnobotanical reports recorded in the Native American Ethnobotany Database were compiled and, using residual and binomial analyses, 14 tribes were compared and ranked as either over- or under-selected for medicine, food or technology, and for different categories of medicinal applications. Statistical analysis supported the hypothesis that selection of species for ethnobotanical purposes is non-random and does not depend on the size of the flora. The Anthemideae tribe was identified as over-selected for all types of applications, including most therapeutic categories, most significantly as pulmonary and orthopedic aids. Subsequent analysis revealed that the over-representation of this tribe was attributed mainly to Achillea millefolium and Artemisia spp.. The significance of Anthemideae, particularly of Achillea and Artemisia species, as highly-selected medicinal taxa emphasizes their cultural importance to Indigenous North Americans. Residual and binomial statistics generally provided parallel results but supplementary statistical methods, more in-depth investigation of other use categories, and inclusion of plant distribution data may provide greater insight into traditional uses of Asteraceae in North America.

Skeleton of Extinct North American Sea Mink (Mustela macrodon)

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim I. Mead ◽  
Arthur E. Spiess ◽  
Kristin D. Sobolik
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Island ◽  
Alexander Archipelago

AbstractMustela macrodon (extinct sea mink) is known only from prehistoric and historic Native American shell middens dating less than 5100 years old along coastal islands of the Gulf of Maine, northeastern North America. The species is distinct from all known extant subspecies of M. vison (American mink) but still belongs to the North American subgenus Vison. Metric comparisons between M. macrodon and five subspecies of M. vison, using skull, mandible, humerus, radius, femur, and tibia skeletal elements, show that M. macrodon is larger in overall size and robustness and is proportionately larger in the dental region. Many habitat-related parallels exist between coastal island mink of the Gulf of Maine and those of the Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska, where the overall largest living subspecies of mink is found (M. v. nesolestes).

scholarly journals Cosmology and Native North American Mystical Traditions

Théologiques ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142
Author(s):  
John A. Grim
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
North American ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
First Peoples ◽  
Dynamic Performances

ABSTRACT Different indigenous nations in North America provide examples of mystical participation in the processes of creation. Some observers dismiss native communities as fragmented or romantically reimaged as "ecological Indians", yet, the tenacity of their religious insights deserve attention. Intellectually framed in images of interactions between specific peoples with particular geographical places, these images are also embedded in dynamic performances. This paper presents a comparative study of mystical paths among First Peoples in which personal and communal symbols fuse psychic, somatic, and social energies with local landscapes. Experienced as synesthetic intuitions, these images are made more conscious in rituals. These dynamic performances link words, actions, sounds, sights, and sensory observations. Ritualized expressions of native mystical life are themselves interpretive reflections back upon the personal, communal, spiritual, and ecological realms from which they emerge. Native American religious ways, thus, are lifeway complexes that address the limits and problems of the human condition, and foster mature mystical understanding.

Working Internationally with Indigenous Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
First Nations ◽  
North American ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The World

AbstractNorth American archaeologists working with Native American or First Nations communities, whose culture often forms the basis of the archaeological record, are becoming increasingly aware that they face a differing set of concerns and issues than those archaeologists who work with non-Native communities. Although their work is not as widely reported in the literature, North American archaeologists who have been fortunate enough to conduct research with Indigenous communities in other parts of the world are often overwhelmed by the variety of issues that may crop up. They often find that their experiences highlight the challenges but also the fulfillment involved in working with Indigenous groups. In the following paper, I offer suggestions based on practices that helped to alleviate issues I faced when working internationally. By broadening the discourse concerning working with Indigenous groups, I hope that these suggestions may also prove relevant to improving the practice of archaeology in North America as well.

scholarly journals Antiquities of the Copper Region of the North American Lakes

1858 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Daniel Wilson ◽  
Robert Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
North American ◽  
American History ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North

The author, having visited North America, describes the copper deposits found on the shores of the Great Lakes and the techniques used by the native peoples of these regions to work this metal into tools and weaponry. He also discusses the discovery of tropical conch shells in this area and the burial practices of some of the native peoples. It is noted that the native Americans hammered the copper into shape while it was cold as they did not use smelting. He concludes by contrasting the geographical factors that he believes affected European and North American history and making some generalisations about the racial characteristics of European and native American peoples.

The genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Canada and Alaska. III. Three hexaploid annuals: A. subspicata, A. gmelinii, and A. alaskensis

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Two Populations

Descriptions, illustrations, and distribution data are given for three closely related species of Atriplex native to North America. Most populations of Atriplex subspicata (Nutt.) Rydberg are hexaploid, with a chromosome count of 2n = 54. Two populations were found with counts of 2n = 36. Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Meyer and A. alaskensis S. Watson are hexaploids. Atriplex subspicata has been confused by North American botanists with A. patula L. and A. hastata L. but these introduced species are respectively tetraploid and diploid.

Description of five new spiders from Canada (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1632 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADINE DUPÉRRÉ ◽  
PIERRE PAQUIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Basic Need ◽  
Habitat Affinities

The number of undescribed Linyphiidae in North America is estimated to range from 200 to 500 species. To further taxonomic knowledge and fill the basic need for species identification, we describe five new species collected in bio-inventories: Agyneta sheffordiana new species, Oryphantes aliquantulus new species, Sisicus volutasilex new species, Tapinocyba cameroni new species and Tapinotorquis yamaskensis, new genus, new species. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of males and females, distribution data and habitat affinities for each species. These new species show different situations for their generic placement, from an obvious assignment to a species-rich genus to the necessity to create a new genus. In attempting to assign Tapinotorquis yamaskensis to a known genus, we discovered that the only North American record of Jacksonella falconeri (Jackson 1908) is a misidentification of Scirites pectinatus (Emerton 1911).

scholarly journals Transatlantic Differences in Management of Carotid Stenosis: BRIDGing the Gap in StrokE Management (BRIDGE) Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Balucani ◽  
Vanessa Arnedo ◽  
Jeremy Weedon ◽  
Didier Leys ◽  
Jean-Louis Mas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
North American ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Background and Purpose: Management of carotid stenosis remains controversial despite several trials evaluating carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid angioplasty/stenting (CAS). We compared attitudes in the management of carotid stenosis between selected experts within Europe and North America. Methods: A 3-phase Delphi survey was e-mailed to select stroke experts from Europe (n = 390) and North America (n = 289). Those completing the initial survey were shown all responses after each survey round. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement. Results: For phases 1, 2, and 3, response rates were 32%, 62%, and 73%, respectively. Overall, 100 (15%) of 679 participated in all 3 phases, 19% Europeans versus 9% North Americans ( P = .0007). The European group reached consensus in 6 of 15 statements; The North American group reached consensus in 4 of 15. Ninety percentage of Europeans versus 70% of North Americans ( P = .017) stated CEA is superior to CAS for symptomatic carotid stenosis. This difference was not significant in the final model (adjusted odds ratio: 3.72 [95% confidence interval: 0.95-14.5]). Sixty-nine percentage of North Americans agreed there is a stronger indication for CAS over CEA in patients younger than 65 years for symptomatic carotid stenosis, whereas 55% of Europeans ( P = .023) disagreed. For asymptomatic carotid stenosis, when asked how likely they would recommend CAS, 62% North Americans said “sometimes” versus 60% of Europeans said “never” ( P = .06). Conclusion: The majority of North American and European respondents did not consider the 2 procedures equivalent and seemed to indicate that CEA was preferred for the management of carotid stenosis. These findings need to be further explored to help establish evidence-based guidelines.

“Ravishing Odors of Paradise”: Jesuits, Olfaction, and Seventeenth-Century North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW KETTLER
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New France ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Cultural Accommodation ◽  
Pays D'en Haut

In seventeenth-century North America, efforts at cultural accommodation through similarities in olfactory inclusive spiritual sensoriums helped to create cross-cultural concordance between Jesuit Fathers and Native Americans in New France, the St. Lawrence Valley, and the Pays d'en Haut. Jesuits engaged Native Americans towards Catholic conversion by using scentful tactics and sensory rhetoric. Jesuits increased their own respect for the olfactory during their North American encounters due to a siege mentality born of the Counter-Reformation and from a forcefully influential Native American respect for multisensory forms of environmental and spiritual literacy which included a heightened reverence for odors.

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