Removal of hexavalent chromium from water using hydrochar obtained with different types of feedstock

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind V. Iyer ◽  
Erica Pensini ◽  
Ashutosh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Roast Coffee ◽  
Amine Groups

Hydrochar (HC) was obtained through the hydrothermal digestion of beetroot, carrot, or spent coffee grounds. The yield (i.e., mass of HC produced per mass of feedstock used) was ≈80%, ≈20%, and ≈50% with spent coffee, carrot, and beetroot, respectively. The surface area determined with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method was 3.06 m2·g–1 for HC from beetroot, 1.19 m2·g–1 for HC from carrot, 2.84 m2·g–1 for HC from dark roast coffee, and 3.22 m2·g–1 for HC from original roast coffee. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments showed that amine groups had a significantly higher density in HC produced with spent coffee grounds than that produced using either beetroot or carrot. HC could sorb hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. The concentration of Cr(VI) in water decreased from 0.3 ppm to ≈0.07 ppm and to ≈0.1 ppm within 90 min using 20 g·L–1 of HC made from spent coffee grounds and from beetroot and carrot, respectively.

A New Study of Shape and Size-dependent Properties of Nanocrystals Utilizing the Fractional Fourier Transform

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Aeshah Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fractional Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Znse Nanoparticles ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Shape And Size

Background: Possessions of components, described by their shape and size (S&S), are certainly attractive and has formed the foundation of the developing field of nanoscience. Methods: Here, we study the S&S reliant on electronic construction and possession of nanocrystals by semiconductors and metals to explain this feature. We formerly considered the chemical dynamics of mineral nanocrystals that are arranged according to the S&S not only for the big surface area, but also as a consequence of the considerably diverse electronic construction of the nanocrystals. Results: The S&S of models, approved by using the Fractional Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FFTIR), indicate the construction of CdSe and ZnSe nanoparticles. Conclusion: In order to study the historical behavior of the nanomaterial in terms of S&S and estimate further results, the FFTIR was used to solve this project.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ozone Removal by Spent Coffee Grounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Fu Hsieh ◽  
Tsrong-Yi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
The Fourier Transform

AbstractActivated carbon is the most known material used to adsorb ozone. Activating carbonaceous materials by ozonation is commonly used to produce activated carbon, however, requiring sophisticated skills and professional equipment. This paper presents a reversed idea: to adsorb ozone using an unactivated carbonaceous material, coffee. Three powder adsorbents are presented: fresh coffee (unactivated), spent coffee grounds (unactivated), and activated carbon (commercially available). The test is conducted by measuring and comparing the ozone concentration in an ozone-supplied chamber with or without the ozone adsorbent. The results show that, at the specific conditions, the peak ozone concentration is lowered by 38% to 56% when the chamber has the activated carbon. At the same conditions, the peak ozone concentration is lowered by 25% to 43% when the chamber has the coffee powders (either fresh or spent). The elemental analysis demonstrates that the oxygen content after the ozone adsorption increases by 20%, 14.4%, and 34.5% for the fresh coffee, the spent coffee grounds, and the activated carbon, respectively. The characteristic analysis (the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the thermogravimetric, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) suggests that the unactivated coffee is not porous, however, contains various organic compounds that could react with and consume ozone.

scholarly journals Observation of Potential Contaminants in Processed Biomass Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshun Zhuang ◽  
Mi Li ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
Arthur Ragauskas ◽  
Chang Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
By Products

With rapidly increased interests in biomass, diverse chemical and biological processes have been applied for biomass utilization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis has been used for characterizing different types of biomass and their products, including natural and processed biomass. During biomass treatments, some solvents and/or catalysts can be retained and contaminate biomass. In addition, contaminants can be generated by the decomposition of biomass components. Herein, we report FTIR analyses of a series of contaminants, such as various solvents, chemicals, enzymes, and possibly formed degradation by-products in the biomass conversion process along with poplar biomass. This information helps to prevent misunderstanding the FTIR analysis results of the processed biomass.

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