A comparison of waste leaching determination methods in the context of dewatered oil sands fine tailings

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275
Author(s):  
N. Utting ◽  
C. McMullen ◽  
M. Morin ◽  
P. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Leaching Methods ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Leaching tests are an important component in assessing the potential of contaminants to leach from waste materials to the environment. Numerous leaching test protocols have been developed for different applications. In this study, we compare four different methods in the context of assessing leaching of inorganic ions from oil sands tailings. The four methods compared were: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure; ASTM D6234; ASTM D3987; and what we refer to as the Deionized method (modified from Syncrude Analytical Aqueous Extraction of Oil Sand Method 1.7). It was found that the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure generally resulted in the highest ion concentrations. The EPA method had statistically different results for three of the four tailings mixes when compared with the other three leaching methods. For Mo and Ti the EPA method always resulted in the lowest concentrations compared with the other methods, and As, Tl, and Pb sometimes resulted in the lowest concentrations. The other three leaching protocols resulted in similar dissolved ion concentrations.

scholarly journals Studi Karakterisasi Tanah Terkontaminasi Minyak Berat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nida Sopiah ◽  
Dwindrata Basuki Aviantara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Leaching Procedure

ABSTRACTThe study of the characteristics of hazardous and toxic waste materials from samples of heavy oil contaminated soil containing Total Petroleum-Hydrocarbon (TPH) with a range between 1 - 2%. This study aimed to evaluate the hazard category of heavily oil contaminated soil based on organoleptic test results and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Organoleptic tests carried out include explosive, igniteable, reactive (reactive) and corrosive (corrosive) and potentially toxic through TCLP. Leaching tests performed by using method based of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) SW 846-1311. Based on the results of organoleptic observations, the samples contaminated with heavy oil that were studied did not fulfill the elements that were required to be classified as hazardous waste category 1. Meanwhile, based on TCLP test results, there were 5 parameters of heavy metals (As, Be, Cd, Pb and Se) as well as 2 organohalogen parameters (Aldrin + Dieldrin, and Vinyl Chloride) whose results are inconclusive because the quality standard values are below the detection limit of the determination method for the seven parametersKeywords: Heavy oil contaminated soil, Organoleptic test, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TPH 1-2%ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan studi karakteristik limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun dari sampel tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat mengandung TPH dengan kisaran antara 1 – 2%. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kategori bahaya dari tanah yang terkontaminasi minyak berat berdasarkan data hasil uji organoleptik dan TCLP. Uji organoleptik yang dilakukan meliputi uji kemudahan meledak (explosive), menyala (igniteable), perilaku reaktif (reactive) dan korosif (corrosive) serta potensial toksik melalui uji pelindian karakteristik beracun (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure – TCLP). Uji pelindian dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) SW 846-1311. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan organoleptik sampel tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat yang dikaji tidak memenuhi unsur-unsur yang menjadi persyaratan untuk digolongkan sebagai limbah B3 kategori 1, sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP, terdapat 5 parameter logam berat (As, Be, Cd, Pb dan Se) serta 2 parameter organohalogen (Aldrin + Dieldrin, dan Vinyl Chloride) yang hasilnya adalah inconclusive dikarenakan nilai baku mutunya berada di bawah limit deteksi dari metode penetapan untuk ketujuh parameter tersebut. Kata kunci: Tanah terkontaminasi minyak berat, TPH 1-2%, uji organoleptik, uji pelindian karakterisitik beracun 

Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals by TCLP Method in the Urban Soils of Quanzhou City

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Lian Yu ◽  
Ping Ping Mao ◽  
Gong Ren Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Leaching Procedure

The available concentrations of heavy metals in the urban soils from different functional areas of Quanzhou city were determined using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The available concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb were 0.02–0.30, 0.02–0.20, 0.02–0.60, 14-500, 1.30-351, 0.10-2.40, 0.14-8.60, 0.30-50, 1.90-180, 0.06-0.60, 0.02-0.86, 0.02-8.0, 0.02-8.0 and 0.38-102 mg/kg, respectively. The extractable proportions of heavy metals were relatively low compared to their total concentrations, with the order of the extracted ratios of Cu (18.0%) > Mn (15.4%) > Ni (12.2%) > Sb (11.3%) > Zn (11.0%) > Cd (9.2%) > Co (8.9%) > Sn (3.6%) > Pb (3.1%) > As (1.9%) > Cr (0.8%) > Fe (0.2%) > V (0.1%) > Ti (0.0%).

Geotechnics of nonsegregating oil sand tailings

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Caughill ◽  
N.R. Morgenstern ◽  
J.D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Tailings Pond ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Slurry Consolidation

The present method of oil sands tailings disposal results in a tailings pond with a fine tailings zone that will take many decades to consolidate fully. The fine tailings accumulate as a result of the segregating characteristics of the tailings stream. Nonsegregating mixes of total tailings are desirable to prevent or greatly reduce the formation of a fine tailings zone. This study investigated the use of lime and sulphuric acid to prevent segregation of the tailings stream. Two batches of Syncrude tailings were tested. These averaged 48 and 55% solids and 17% fines (< 44 μm). The hindered settling and consolidation properties of nonsegregating mixes were determined using large-diameter standpipe and slurry consolidation cells. Nonsegregating mixes were achieved by adding 600–800 ppm CaO, based on total weight, or 7.5–10 mL/L of 10% H2SO4, based on the total volume of tailings. Predictions of field performance using a finite strain consolidation program indicate that a deposition rate of up to 20 m/year of treated total tailings is possible, depending upon the simultaneous degree of consolidation desired. The discovery of nonsegregating mixes with sufficient self-draining capability opens many options to address this important waste-management problem. Key words : oil sand tailings, nonsegregating, hindered settling, consolidation, permeability, laboratory.

scholarly journals Σύνθεση, χαρακτηρισμός κα μελέτη άμορφων και κρυσταλλικών τροποποιημένων προσροφητικών με βάση φωσφορικές ενώσεις του τιτανίου για την δέσμευση βαρέων μετάλλων και ραδιονουκλιδίων από υδατικά διαλύματα

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Καπνιστή
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Particle Diffusion ◽  
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Μια από τις βασικές διεργασίες απομάκρυνσης των ρυπογόνων ουσιών από το υδάτινο οικοσύστημα είναι η προσρόφησή τους σε προσροφητικά υλικά, η οποία θεωρείται ότι είναι μία αποτελεσματική και οικονομική μέθοδος με δυνατότητες απομάκρυνσης, ανάκτησης και ανακύκλωσης των ουσιών αυτών από τα υδατικά τους διαλύματα. Στην παρούσα διατριβή έγινε σύνθεση πέντε ανόργανων ενώσεων του φωσφορικού τιτανίου με δύο διαφορετικές μεθόδους παρασκευής και διαφορετική αναλογία Ti : P με σκοπό τη δημιουργία ενώσεων με αυξημένες προσροφητικές ιδιότητες. Η πρώτη μέθοδος βασίστηκε σε υγροχημική μέθοδο, με απευθείας ανάμιξη αιθανολικού διαλύματος TiCl4 και ενός φωσφορικού άλατος. Παρασκευάστηκαν τρεις ενώσεις, οι οποίες αναφέρονται χάριν συντομίας ως TiP1, TiP2 και TiP3. Η δεύτερη σύνθεση έγινε με θέρμανση στερεού μίγματος στερεού TiO2 και όξινου φωσφορικού αμμωνίου. Παρασκευάστηκαν δύο ενώσεις, που αναφέρονται ως TiPnew1 και TiPnew2. Τα υλικά χαρακτηρίστηκαν με διάφορες τεχνικές, όπως φασματοσκοπία υπερύθρου (FTIR), φασματοσκοπία Raman, ηλεκτρονική μικροσκοπία σάρωσης (SEM) και περίθλαση ακτίνων Χ κόνεως (XRD). Μετρήθηκε η ολική επιφάνεια, χρησιμοποιώντας την εξίσωση BET και το πορώδες με τη μέθοδο προσρόφησης N2 και υπολογίστηκε η τιμή pH μηδενικού φορτίου (pHpzc) με τη μέτρηση ζ-δυναμικού. Ο χαρακτηρισμός των υλικών συνέβαλε στη συσχέτιση της δομής τους με την προσροφητική τους συμπεριφορά. Τα υλικά μελετήθηκαν ως προς την προσροφητική τους ικανότητα για τα ιόντα Cs+, Ba2+, Eu3+, Pb2+ και UO22+. Η συνολική αποτίμηση της προσροφητικής ικανότητας των νέων προσροφητικών υλικών προέκυψε από τις μελέτες της κινητικής, της ισορροπίας και της θερμοδυναμικής της απομάκρυνσης των ιόντων από υδατικά διαλύματα. Το υλικό TiP3 αποδείχτηκε αποτελεσματικότερο για την απομάκρυνση των μελετούμενων μεταλλικών ιόντων και επιλέχθηκε για περαιτέρω μελέτη. Εξετάστηκε η επίδραση παραγόντων, όπως η αρχική συγκέντρωση, η ποσότητα του προσροφητικού μέσου, η θερμοκρασία, το pH και η ιοντική ισχύς των διαλυμάτων στην προσροφητική ικανότητα του υλικού. Η μαθηματική προσομοίωση των αποτελεσμάτων της προσρόφησης πραγματοποιήθηκε με την προσαρμογή τους σε μοντέλα, όπως οι εξισώσεις ψευδο-πρώτης τάξης (Lagergren), ψευδο-δεύτερης τάξης (Elovich), το μοντέλο ενδο-σωματιδιακής διάχυσης (intra-particle diffusion) για την κινητική καθώς επίσης και των μοντέλων Langmuir, Freundlich και Temkin για την ισορροπία. Για την αξιολόγηση της επάρκειας των μαθηματικών μοντέλων υπολογίστηκε ο συντελεστής προσαρμοστικότητας, R2. Η ασφαλής διάθεση και περιβαλλοντική συμβατότητα του υλικού μετά την προσρόφηση των μεταλλικών ιόντων εξετάστηκε με την μέθοδο TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) σύμφωνα με τις προδιαγραφές της EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Η εκρόφηση/ανάκτηση των προσροφημένων μεταλλικών ιόντων από τα προσροφητικά υλικά πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση διαλυμάτων HCl και HNO3.

scholarly journals Methanogenic Biodegradation of iso-Alkanes by Indigenous Microbes from Two Different Oil Sands Tailings Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Mohd Faidz Mohamad Shahimin ◽  
Julia M. Foght ◽  
Tariq Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Oil Sands Tailings ◽  
Tailings Ponds ◽  
Oil Sands Tailings Ponds

iso-Alkanes, a major fraction of the solvents used in bitumen extraction from oil sand ores, are slow to biodegrade in anaerobic tailings ponds. We investigated methanogenic biodegradation of iso-alkane mixtures comprising either three (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane) or five (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, 2-methyloctane) iso-alkanes representing paraffinic and naphtha solvents, respectively. Mature fine tailings (MFT) collected from two tailings ponds, having different residual solvents (paraffinic solvent in Canadian Natural Upgrading Limited (CNUL) and naphtha in Canadian Natural Resources Limited (CNRL)), were amended separately with the two mixtures and incubated in microcosms for ~1600 d. The indigenous microbes in CNUL MFT produced methane from the three-iso-alkane mixture after a lag of ~200 d, completely depleting 2-methylpentane while partially depleting 2-methylbutane and 3-methylpentane. CNRL MFT exhibited a similar degradation pattern for the three iso-alkanes after a lag phase of ~700 d, but required 1200 d before beginning to produce methane from the five-iso-alkane mixture, preferentially depleting components in the order of decreasing carbon chain length. Peptococcaceae members were key iso-alkane-degraders in both CNUL and CNRL MFT but were associated with different archaeal partners. Co-dominance of acetoclastic (Methanosaeta) and hydrogenotrophic (Methanolinea and Methanoregula) methanogens was observed in CNUL MFT during biodegradation of three-iso-alkanes whereas CNRL MFT was enriched in Methanoregula during biodegradation of three-iso-alkanes and in Methanosaeta with five-iso-alkanes. This study highlights the different responses of indigenous methanogenic microbial communities in different oil sands tailings ponds to iso-alkanes.

Chemical Disequilibrium In Oil Sand Fine Tailings

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jonasson ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
R. Schutte ◽  
L. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sand ◽  
Fine Tailings

scholarly journals Using Specified Risk Materials-Based Peptides for Oil Sands Fluid Fine Tailings Management

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Yeling Zhu ◽  
Yuki Gong ◽  
Heather Kaminsky ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
Paolo Mussone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Settling Rate ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Tailings Management ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Fluid Fine Tailings ◽  
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide

Fluid fine tailings are produced in huge quantities by Canada’s mined oil sands industry. Due to the high colloidal stability of the contained fine solids, settling of fluid fine tailings can take hundreds of years, making the entrapped water unavailable and posing challenges to public health and the environment. This study focuses on developing value-added aggregation agents from specified risk materials (SRM), a waste protein stream from slaughterhouse industries, to achieve an improved separation of fluid fine tailings into free water and solids. Settling results using synthetic kaolinite slurries demonstrated that, though not as effective as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a commercial flocculant, the use of SRM-derived peptides enabled a 2-3-fold faster initial settling rate than the blank control. The pH of synthetic kaolinite tailings was observed to be slightly reduced with increasing peptides dosage in the test range (10–50 kg/ton). The experiments on diluted fluid fine tailings (as a representation of real oil sands tailings) demonstrated an optimum peptides dosage of 14 kg/ton, which resulted in a 4-fold faster initial settling rate compared to the untreated tailings. Overall, this study demonstrates the novelty and feasibility of using SRM-peptides to address intractable oil sands fluid tailings.

Impact of flocculation-based dewatering on the shear strength of oil sands fine tailings

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Beier ◽  
Ward Wilson ◽  
Adedeji Dunmola ◽  
David Sego
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Tailings Management ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Fluid Fine Tailings ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Reported Data

The oil sands in northern Alberta have been mined to produce bitumen over the past five decades. Since the 1980s, technical advances have been made in mining, material handling, and bitumen extraction. However, acquiring practical methods to control and reduce the fluid fine tailings build-up has been an ongoing challenge. Recent regulatory changes have driven the industry to review current tailings-management techniques and investigate numerous alternative technologies and processes to manage and reclaim fine tailings. Many of these fine tailings–management techniques involve some form of polymer or chemical addition to promote dewatering and strength gain to meet the regulatory requirements. Based on the reported data, the chemically amended fine tailings deposits have the characteristics of sensitive, metastable deposits, necessitating additional mitigative measures by oil sands operators beyond the regulatory requirements. This paper explores the geotechnical aspects of meeting regulatory strength performance criteria by employing flocculation-based dewatering of fluid fine tailings.

Addition of Tubifex accelerates dewatering of oil sands tailings

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Yang ◽  
Miguel de Lucas Pardo ◽  
Maria Ibanez ◽  
Lijun Deng ◽  
Luca Sittoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
Fluid Fine Tailings ◽  
Oil Sands Tailings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solids Content

Accelerating dewatering of fluid fine tailings (FFT) to facilitate land reclamation is a major challenge to the oil sands industry in Canada. A new method was tested, addition of Tubifex to FFT. Tubifex is an indigenous earthworm in Canada. The survival rate tests showed that Tubifex can survive in oil sands tailings and penetrate to 42 cm depth (maximum depth tested). Columns (5 L of FFT) were set-up with tailings alone, Tubifex treated tailings and polymer-Tubifex treated tailings. Test results showed that (a) the final mud–water interface of tailings alone was 26% higher than that of Tubifex treated tailings; (b) solids content of Tubifex treated tailings was 21% more than that of tailings alone; (c) Tubifex was capable to accelerate the dewatering process of both cationic and anionic polymer treated tailings; (d) anionic polymer was superior in facilitating long-term dewatering and its coupled effects with Tubifex were better than the cationic polymer.

Status of the Development and Application of Oil Sand

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Jia He Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Conventional Oil

Oil and natural gas are important energy and chemical raw materials, its resources are gradually reduced. With the rapid development of the global economy, the conventional oil resources can’t meet the rapid growth of oil demand, people began turning to unconventional oil resources, one of which is the oil sands. Oil sands is unconventional oil resources, if its proven reserves are converted into oil, it will be much larger than the world's proven oil reserves. Canadian oil sands reserves stand ahead in the world, followed by the former Soviet Union, Venezuela, the United States and China. However, due to its special properties, different mining and processing technology, and higher mining costs compared with conventional oil, the research of oil sands makes slow progress. At present, due to the rising of world oil price, oil sands mining technology have attracted more and more attention, and have developed a lot.

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