The effect of a plate installation upstream of an orifice on the pressurized flushing efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Shahriari ◽  
Mehdi Daryaee ◽  
Seyyed Mahmood Kashefipour
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
New Method ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Wake Vortices ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Plate Width

The effect of a plate installation upstream of an orifice was investigated as a new method for improving the pressurized flushing efficiency. In this regard, a plate with three different widths (B_T) was installed at four different distances (L_T) upstream of the orifice. According to the results, the plate installation significantly increased the pressurized flushing efficiency due to the wake vortices formed upstream of the orifice. The flushing efficiency increased up to a maximum value of 11.5 times relative to what was calculated for the experiment without plate for the same conditions. For the best configuration of the plate width and its distance from the outlet (i.e., L_T/D_O =0.7 and B_T/D_O =0.5, D_O is the orifice diameter), the length, width, and depth of the flushing cone increased by about 160, 90, and 240% relative to the control experiment under the same conditions, respectively.

Investigation on M-A Constituent in Weld CGHAZ of High-Strength Microalloyed Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Xin Chen ◽  
Wu Shen Li ◽  
Hui Fen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Maximum Area ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Length Width

Thermal simulating technology was used to simulate weld CGHAZ of microalloyed steel with different thermal cycle for the purpose of investigation on morphology of M-A constituent and its influence on toughness. The experimental results showed that in comparison with base metal specimens after thermal cycle have poorer toughness for its larger size, elongated and sharp massive shape and non-uniform distribution. Toughness of specimen value has maximum value with maximum area fraction for cooling time of 7s, and then it will drop whether cooling time is longer or shorter. Moreover, its mean chords of all specimens are all smaller than 0.5μm. Only those with the length larger than 2μm or the length-width ratio exceeding 4, cleavage fracture can occur. So it is concluded that M-A constituent is not the main influencing factor of impairing toughness for steel with different thermal cycle for its smaller mean chord and area fraction.

THE SIMULATION OF THE PIEZOELECTRIC PRINT HEAD

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEONG-JEN WU ◽  
WEI-HSIANG LAI
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Moving Wall ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Proper Condition

This paper investigates the flow dynamic behaviors with respect to different contact angle and frequency of the piezoelectric print head. Its geometric model is divided into three zones for easy description, i.e., channel zone, nozzle zone and ejection observing zone. The length, width and orifice diameter of the micro-channel are 2,000 µm, 400 µm and 30 µm, respectively. The moving wall is located on the top wall of the channel zone in order to obtain proper condition for single drop generation; we applied the numerical simulation by commercial CFD software – CFD-ACE+ 2004. The most important purpose of this study is to find out the optimal frequency to eject droplets periodically and control the volume of droplet ejection which may provide reference for experimental work later on. The results show that by fixing the frequency 20KHz, the nozzle contact angle is from 20 degree to 80 degree, the one droplet interval time value is less than 0.1% and the droplet size value is less than 1%. According to this result, we find that the effect of contact angle is not very important. Also for the frequency value from 50KHz to 100KHz, the first shot time is almost the same.

scholarly journals A new empirical equation to describe the vertical leaf distribution profile of maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P. P. Fan ◽  
Y. Y. Li ◽  
J. B. Evers ◽  
B. Ming ◽  
C. X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Vertical Leaf ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Modern Maize ◽  
Length Width ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Leaf Distribution

Abstract The characteristic traits of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves affect light interception and photosynthesis. Measurement or estimation of individual leaf area has been described using discontinuous equations or bell-shaped functions. However, new maize hybrids show different canopy architecture, such as leaf angle in modern maize which is more upright and ear leaf and adjacent leaves which are longer than older hybrids. The original equations and their parameters, which have been used for older maize hybrids and grown at low plant densities, will not accurately represent modern hybrids. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop a new empirical equation that captures vertical leaf distribution. To characterize the vertical leaf profile, we conducted a field experiment in Jilin province, Northeast China from 2015 to 2018. Our new equation for the vertical distribution of leaf profile describes leaf length, width or leaf area as a function of leaf rank, using parameters for the maximum value for leaf length, width or area, the leaf rank at which the maximum value is obtained, and the width of the curve. It thus involves one parameter less than the previously used equations. By analysing the characteristics of this new equation, we identified four key leaf ranks (4, 8, 14 and 20) for which leaf parameter values need to be quantified in order to have a good estimation of leaf length, width and area. Together, the method of leaf area estimation proposed here adds versatility for use in modern maize hybrids and simplifies the field measurements by using the four key leaf ranks to estimate vertical leaf distribution in maize canopy instead of all leaf ranks.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Corrosion Inhibitor on the Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Containing Sea Sand and Seawater

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonggen Pan ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Jianghong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Chloride Extraction

Concrete made with sea sand and seawater is rich in chlorine ions which are the main factors that induce corrosion of the reinforcement. In this study, an innovative method to rehabilitate reinforcement is presented; the concentrations of chloride ions and the corrosion inhibitor in concrete were measured. Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) was applied as a control experiment via using saturated Ca(OH)2 solution as an external electrolyte. Bidirectional electromigration (BIEM)technology combined with the corrosion inhibitor could not only remove the chloride ions but also protect the steel bar in concrete, and animidazoline inhibitor mixed in concrete is more effective than thetriethylenetetramine inhibitor due to the specific molecular structure. It was found that the optimum ratio of N/Cl reached the maximum value 3.3, when the concentration of inhibitor was 1. Meanwhile, the experimental results also revealed that the corrosion inhibitor and chloride ion concentrations reached necessary levels on the surface of the steel, and the corrosion inhibitor migrated effectively. Overall, the contents of imidazoline and triethylenetetramine inhibitor in seawater concrete are0.75% and 1%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the addition of the corrosion inhibitor and the application of bidirectional electromigration would effectively improve the durability of reinforced concrete containing sea sand and seawater.

A NEW METHOD FOR AUTOMATED DETECTION OF DIABETES FROM HEART RATE SIGNAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. TRIPATHY ◽  
MARIO R. ARRIETA PATERNINA ◽  
P. PATTANAIK
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
New Method ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Sparse Representation Classifier ◽  
Mathematical Foundations ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and it is characterized based on the increase in the sugar level in the blood. The other diseases such as the cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy may occur due to the DM pathology. The RR-time series or heart rate (HR) signal quantifies the beat-to-beat variations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and it has been widely used for the detection of various cardiac diseases. Detection of DM based on the features of HR signal is a challenging problem. This paper copes with a new method for the detection of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) based on the features extracted from the HR signal. The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) of HR signal and the Kernel Sparse Representation Classifier (KSRC) are the mathematical foundations used to achieve the detection. SSA is used to decompose the HR signal into sub-signals, and diagnostic features such as the maximum value of each sub-signal and eigenvalues are evaluated. Then, the KSRC uses the proposed diagnostic features as inputs for detecting diabetes. The experimental results reveal that the proposal attains the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 92.18%, 93.75% and 90.62%, respectively, employing the KSRC and the hold-out cross-validation approach. The method is compared with existing approaches for detecting diabetes from HR signal.

scholarly journals Influence of capsule length and width on heat transfer in capsule-type plate heat exchangers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401989574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Jiang ◽  
Wenxue Zhou ◽  
Xiaoying Tang ◽  
Bofeng Bai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices ◽  
Wake Vortices ◽  
Capsule Type ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Length Width

Capsule-type plate heat exchanger has the advantages of less deposition and low flow resistance. Based on previous research, numerical studies of capsule-type plate heat exchangers with different capsule lengths and widths for the Reynolds number ranging from 600 to 10,000 are performed. The results show that wake vortices, transverse vortices, and longitudinal vortices generate in the channels by the flow shearing and separation. The vortices promote the swirl and flow destabilization, exchange the fluid between the boundary layer and the mainstream, and thus enhance the heat transfer in the capsule-type plate channels. Wake vortices transform to longitudinal vortices with increasing Re. The number of the longitudinal vortices decreases and the size of the longitudinal vortices increases with increasing Re or the decreasing length−width ratio of the capsule. In addition, Nusselt number and friction factor decrease with the increasing length−width ratio of the capsule.

A Method for 3D Sphere Detection Using one-Dimensional Histogram and Polytope Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 628-632
Author(s):  
Shota Nakashima ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakamoto ◽  
Yuhki Kitazono ◽  
Li Feng Zhang ◽  
Serikawa Seiichi
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
New Method ◽  
Minimization Algorithm ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sphere Detection ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Large Memory ◽  
Best Parameters

We propose a new method for a detection of a 3D sphere. This method uses polytope method, a kind of minimization algorithm. One-dimensional histogram is used to detect a 3D sphere. The histogram has two characteristics. (1) The distribution of the histogram changes if the parameters of representing the 3D sphere changes. (2) The value of highest frequency of histogram becomes maximum if the best parameters are obtained. Therefore, the maximum value of highest frequency of histogram is searched to obtain the best parameters of a 3D sphere by using polytope method. By using polytope method, proposed method can detect a 3D sphere from 3D vertex data including other shapes without a large memory space and a lot of processing time.

scholarly journals A New Method to Determine the Maximum Value of the Track Length of Alpha Particle in CR-39 Detector

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Ahmed ◽  
A. Mohammed ◽  
A. Said Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
New Method ◽  
Track Length ◽  
Maximum Value

scholarly journals Distinguishing Discoid and Centripetal Levallois methods through machine learning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244288
Author(s):  
Irene González-Molina ◽  
Blanca Jiménez-García ◽  
José-Manuel Maíllo-Fernández ◽  
Enrique Baquedano ◽  
Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
New Method ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Lithic Studies

In this paper, we apply Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to study the differences between Discoid and Centripetal Levallois methods. For this purpose, we have used experimentally knapped flint flakes, measuring several parameters that have been analyzed by seven ML algorithms. From these analyses, it has been possible to demonstrate the existence of statistically significant differences between Discoid products and Centripetal Levallois products, thus contributing with new data and a new method to this traditional debate. The new approach enabled differentiating the blanks created by both knapping methods with an accuracy >80% using only ten typometric variables. The most relevant variables were maximum length, width to the 25%, 50% and 75% of the flake length, external and internal platform angles, maximum width and number of dorsal scars. This study also demonstrates the advantages of the application of multivariate ML methods to lithic studies.

scholarly journals Biometric study of Inga laurina (SW.) Willd. of the Mato Grosso state region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
C. B. M. Farias ◽  
L. P. N. Ramos ◽  
D. M. Leite ◽  
W. A. Macedo ◽  
Z. M. S. R. Prestes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Brazilian Flora ◽  
State Region ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. is a legume, occurring in all states of Brazil. This species has great importance for Brazilian flora due to its ornamental and forest value, its fruits are a source of food for several wild animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biometric characteristics of ripe fruits of Inga laurina (SW.) WILLD. For the evaluation, 30 fresh fruits were randomly harvested from the crown of 4 individuals belonging to the species Inga laurina located in the municipality of Alta Floresta. The following were evaluated: length, width, basal diameter, apical diameter, number of seeds, skin thickness and sugar content. The data obtained were submitted to the statistical program R, Scoot Knott at a level of 5% of probability significance. With the results we can conclude that for the species Inga laurina there was no statistical difference between the individuals for the characteristics of length and width of the fruit. Only individual 4 differed from the others in terms of basal and apical diameter. The number of seeds varied from 2 to 3 seeds per fruit. The sugar content did not differ much from one individual to another, with a maximum value of 14.9% for individual 3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document