scholarly journals Comparison of the swimming ability and upstream-migration behavior between chum salmon and masu salmon

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Miyoshi ◽  
Kazufumi Hayashida ◽  
Taku Sakashita ◽  
Makoto Fujii ◽  
Hisaya Nii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Long Distance

The spawning ground of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is usually located farther downriver than that of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in Hokkaido, Japan. To compare the swimming abilities of these two species, the relationship between swimming speed and oxygen consumption was compared using a swim tunnel in the laboratory. Then, the upstream-migration behaviors of chum salmon and masu salmon were compared using electromyogram telemetry at fish passages in the Toyohira River, Hokkaido. In the laboratory study, the standard metabolic rate of masu salmon was lower and the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was faster than those of chum salmon. In the field study, the holding time needed to recover the swimming performance exceeding Ucrit at the fish passages and the trial number needed to pass the fish passages were significantly lower for masu salmon than chum salmon. These results revealed that masu salmon are more adaptable to extended swimming in high water velocity conditions than chum salmon and that masu salmon are better equipped for a long distance upstream migration to their spawning ground than chum salmon.

Effects of hatchery chum salmon fry on density-dependent intra- and interspecific competition between wild chum and masu salmon fry

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh Hasegawa ◽  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
Kazumasa Ohkuma ◽  
Tsutomu Ohnuki ◽  
Yasutaka Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Principal Method

Stocking with hatchery fish is the principal method for harvest augmentation and, recently, restoring endangered populations. However, there is increasing concern about the negative effects of competition between hatchery and wild fish. In this study, enclosure experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hatchery chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) on wild masu (Oncorhynchus masou) and chum salmon fry through density-dependent competition. For masu and chum salmon, density-dependent performance (foraging rate and growth) varied depending on the presence or absence of competitor species. The negative effects on the foraging rate (evaluated by stomach content mass) and growth of wild masu salmon caused by wild conspecifics were greater than those exerted by wild and hatchery chum salmon. Wild chum salmon decreased foraging rate with increasing density of conspecifics and masu salmon and also in the presence of hatchery chum salmon. Although we could not evaluate growth under interspecific competition, wild chum salmon show body mass loss in the presence of hatchery chum salmon. These results suggest that the effects of stocking with hatchery chum salmon vary depending on the interacting species.

Influence of Temperature and Current Speed on the Swimming Capacity of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Swimming Endurance

We tested the influence of temperature and water velocity on metabolic rate and swimming performance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii) using respirometry techniques. Tests were conducted at 5, 12, and 17 °C (speed range 20–102 cm∙s−1) for fake whitefish and at 12 °C (speed range 20–63 cm∙s−1) for cisco. Fish lengths ranged from 10 to 39 cm (TL). The net aerobic cost of swimming, obtained by subtracting standard from total oxygen consumption, was twice as high for cisco as that for lake whitefish at any swimming speed. However, the standard metabolic rate of lake whitefish was almost the double that of cisco acclimated to the same temperature. Values of metabolic scope for activity coupled with the net cost of swimming showed that coregonines were not good performers compared with most salmonids. The active metabolic rate, scope for activity, and critical swimming speed for lake whitefish were maximal at 12 °C and minimal at 5 °C. Swimming endurance of lake whitefish decreased logarithmically with swimming speed and was reduced at low temperature, the distance traversed at any given swimming speed being minimal at 5 °C. Our results support the hypothesis that the combined effect of high water velocities and low ambient temperature on coregonines' metabolism and swimming performance may be a more important factor than specific spawning temperature in the timing of the early reproductive migration of anadromous coregonines in the Eastmain River, James Bay.

Behavior in Salmon

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
Lake Toya ◽  
The Bering Sea

The recent rapid development of biotelemetry technologies has made it possible to continuously observe the underwater behavior of salmon in open water. Homing migratory behaviors were studied using anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido and lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya. Biotelemetry results on the migratory behavior of adult chum salmon in a reconstructed reach of the Shibetsu River; the investigation of cardiac arrest during gamete release in chum salmon; the comparison of the swimming ability and upstream-migration behavior of chum salmon and masu salmon in Hokkaido, Japan; and the analysis of site fidelity and habitat use in Formosan landlocked salmon during the typhoon season in the Chichiawan stream, Taiwan were also performed. This chapter describes the homing migration of anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido, Japan; the homing migration of lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan; and biotelemetry research on various behaviors in salmon.

scholarly journals Changes in the levels of mRNAs for GH/prolactin/somatolactin family and Pit-1/GHF-1 in the pituitaries of pre-spawning chum salmon

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Taniyama ◽  
T Kitahashi ◽  
H Ando ◽  
M Ban ◽  
H Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Osmotic Change ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Dot Blot Analysis

Changes in the levels of pituitary mRNAs encoding GH, prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) were determined in pre-spawning chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught at a few key points along their homing pathway in 1994 and 1995. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between expression of pituitary-specific POU homeodomain transcription factor (Pit-1/GHF-1) and GH/PRL/SL family genes. In 1994, seawater (SW) fish and matured fresh-water (FW) fish were sequentially captured at two points along their homing pathway, the coast and the hatchery. In addition to these two points, maturing FW fish were captured at the intermediate of the two points in 1995. The levels of hormonal mRNAs were determined by a quantitative dot blot analysis using single-stranded sense DNA as the standard. Relative levels of Pit-1/GHF-1 mRNAs were estimated by Northern blot analysis. In 1994, the levels of GH/PRL/SL family mRNAs except for PRL mRNA in the male FW fish were 1.8-4 times higher than those in the SW fish. In 1995, the level of PRL mRNA was somewhat sharply elevated in the maturing FW fish soon after entry into the FW environment, while that of SL mRNA was gradually increased during upstream migration from the coast to the hatchery. The levels of 3 kb Pit-1/GHF-1 mRNA in the FW fish were higher than those in the SW fish in both 1994 and 1995. The present results indicate that expression of genes for the GH/PRL/SL family and Pit-1/GHF-1 is coincidentally enhanced in homing chum salmon. Moreover, the present study suggests that expression of the SL gene is elevated with sexual maturation, whereas that of PRL gene is elevated with osmotic change during the final stages of spawning migration.

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