Female everyday life in letters by a Karelian peasant woman of the early XX century

Introduction. The article reports the results of an analysis of the letters written by a peasant early in the XX century, found in the National Archives of Finland, which are a rare-type of historical source. Their author is a twenty-year-old peasant Anna Eremeeva-Räikha, who wrote them to her husband exiled to North Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is defined by high interest to epistolary cultural heritage, where a special place is given to the letters of Russian’s different ethnic groups, and also by attention paid to the history of everyday life. Materials and Methods. The principal method was analysis of the structure of the letters, including identification of thematic block sequences and their subsequent clustering for the analysis of specific issues. Results and Discussion. The article explicates the substantive dimension of the letters, which reflects the sphere of interests of their author, and looks into the descriptions of women’s daily routines and the life of the Karelian family. It highlights the range of covered subjects and outlines the topics showing the routines and the behavioral practices of a peasant woman, her ways of adapting to the new circumstances after the husband’s arrest. The specific jobs and occupations are aligned with the farming calendar of northern Karelia. Features of the author’s self-presentation, ways of structuring and drawing up the texts are demonstrated. The study illustrates the range of topics and emotions rooted in the gender factor, and the diversity of their expression. Conclusion. The letters disclose the system of moral values of a Karelian woman, the Christian ideal of family relationships, special features of professional motivations. The “voice” of a Karelian peasant woman retained in these letters is a relevant source for studying the alteration of women’s everyday life early in the XX century and it allows talking about the maturing demand for emancipation in everyday life and gradual loosening of the traditional gender order in the Karelian village.

Humanitarian and Developmental Research Engagement during COVID-19

Background: Floods and storms are the most common natural hazards. Communities in remote, riparian areas are the most vulnerable in such disasters, particularly when local populations lack reliable energy and early warning systems for hazard response. Our study will investigate energy and flood resilience issues in such communities and use remote methods to enable research continuity in intra and post-pandemic contexts. Methods/Design: A two-round Delphi process will be used to interview 16 participants from Nepal and Greece to understand their priorities and preferred solutions for energy and flood resilience issues. In Round One we aim to understand the current capabilities and vulnerabilities of our focus communities in these areas. In Round Two, we seek feedback on potential options that are either market-available/evidence-informed solutions or co-developed conceptual systems. Remotely deployed semi-structured interviews are the principal method for both rounds. The Round Two structured comparative review also employs choice-based conjoint analysis and SCORE analysis. Discussion: By collecting information from both professionals and non-experts, we aim to understand what options are perceived as reliable, realistic and appropriate for flood-prone communities. The remote research design enables continuity and community access to development-focused research and its outputs, and a flexible, cost-effective approach for researchers and partner organizations.

Direct Dating of Chinese Immovable Cultural Heritage

The most extensive corpus of ancient immovable cultural heritage is that of global rock art. Estimating its age has traditionally been challenging, rendering it difficult to integrate archaeological evidence of early cultural traditions. The dating of Chinese rock art by ‘direct methods’ began in the late 1990s in Qinghai Province. Since then, China has acquired the largest body of direct dating information about the rock art of any country. The establishment of the International Centre for Rock Art Dating at Hebei Normal University has been the driving force in this development, with its researchers accounting for most of the results. This centre has set the highest standards in rock art age estimation. Its principal method, microerosion analysis, secured the largest number of determinations, but it has also applied other methods. Its work with uranium-thorium analysis of carbonate precipitates in caves is of particular significance because it tested this widely used method. The implications of this work are wide-ranging. Most direct-dating of rock art has now become available from Henan, but results have also been reported from Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan, Qinghai, Tibet, and Xinjiang. Intensive work by several teams is continuing and is expected to result in a significantly better understanding of China’s early immovable cultural heritage.

Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Prediction Using CT Images

pca is mostly asymptomatic at an early stage and often painless requiring active surveillance screening. trus is the principal method to diagnose pca following a histological examination by observing cell pattern irregularities and assigning the gs according to the recommended guidelines. This procedure presents sampling errors and, being invasive may cause complications to the patients. ebrt is presented as curative option for localised and locally advanced disease, as a palliative option for metastatic low-volume disease or after prostatectomy for prostate bed and pelvic nodes salvage. In the ebrt worflow a ct scan is performed as the basis for dose calculations and volume delineations. In this work, we evaluated the use of data-characterization algorithms (radiomics) from ct images for pca aggressiveness assessment. The fundamental motivation relies on the wide availability of ct images and the need to provide tools to assess ebrt effectiveness. We used Pyradiomics and lifex to extract features and search for a radiomic signature within ct images. Finnaly, when applying pcan to the features, we were able to show promising results.

DYNAMICS OF RENDERING THE COCKNEY ETHNOSOCIOLECT IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS OF G. B. SHAW’S PLAY «PIGMALION»

This article reviews the strategies used in three Ukrainian translations of George Bernard Shaw’s play «Pygmalion» focusing upon different approaches to representing the sociolect Cockney. Two of the translations (done by M. Pavlov and O.Mokrovolskiy) resort to surzhyk — a mixed Ukrainian-Russian vernacular, thus employing the strategy of domestication, while the third, and the latest, one (done by T. Nekriach and N. Ferens in collaboration, with the general editing of T. Nekriach) rejects surzhyk in principle, proceeding from the idea that cockney is not a contamination of two languages but a socially and culturally marked set of deviations from the norm within one language. The latter translation unites foreignization in indicating the time and place of action and domestication in consistent using the Ukrainian supradialectal popular parlance, which is termed ad hoc the «harmonizing strategy» in the article. Cockney as a specific ethnosociolect has been researched in the translation perspective in the works of I. Akopyan, V. Komissarov, O. Rebriy, T. Nekriach, A. Hughes, P. Trudgill etc., which form the theoretical foundation of the present article. The aim of the article is to study and systematize the optimal strategies and tactics of reproducing Cockney in the available Ukrainian translations of «Pygmalion». The principal method of research is the comparative translation analysis, which allows to evaluate the gains and losses in employing a particular strategy in order to achieve a faithful translation. The topicality of the research is accounted for by the growing interest on the part of both practical translators and translation scholars in the appropriate handling of translation strategies and tactics within one text in order to reveal the author’s intent to the full with the retaining of the distinguishing features of the form. Special attention is paid to the specific «double» nature of drama works which requires taking into account the “pronounceability” of cues in translation. It is argued that M. Pavlov and T. Nekriach/N. Ferens take this parameter into account, translating «for stage», whereas O.Mokrovolskiy translates «for page» only, which results in his alternatives for Cockney representation being understood visually, not audially. The research prospects are seen in applying the proposed methodology to the study of recent Ukrainian translations of fiction in comparison with the previous ones in order to survey the dynamics and effectiveness of applying various translation strategies and tactics in reproducing a particular language or cultural phenomenon used in the original text.

Tachinus Laticollis Grav. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) – a new representative of Tachiporins in the fauna of the Republic of Moldova

The paper presents the approach of researches on the species Tachinus laticollis Gravenhorst, 1802 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) identified as a new species for the fauna of the Republic of Moldova. The tachiporin specimen was collected at 05.03.2016 in the cattle manure in the pasture from Cocieri village, Dubasari District. The principal method of collecting was extraction by applying the flotation method. In the context of this study, the paper refers in more detail to the species in the collection of Staphylinidae within the Museum of Entomology of the Institute of Zoology, during the applied research (2015-2017). Also, to the analysis of rove beetles material extracted from samples accumulated during study, data on the systematic classification of the species, geographical distribution, bioecology, morphology, illustrative presentation.

Introduction to Plotting

R is one of the most powerful programs available for graphically representing your data, and chapter 4 begins the important process of teaching how this is done. Base graphics are introduced but the main focus is on teaching the package ggplot2, which has become the principal method of making figures in R. Various types of graphics are taught, including box-and-whisker plots, scatterplots, histograms, and density plots. In addition, the ways to customize these figures with colors, shapes, and faceting are also covered. The chapter ends by walking readers step-by-step through the process of creating a professional looking bar graph in both base graphics and ggplot2

Framing, truth-telling, and the limits of local transitional justice

Transitional justice (TJ) is undergoing a legitimacy crisis. While recent critical TJ scholarship has touted the transformative potential of locally rooted mechanisms as a possible means to emancipate TJ, this burgeoning literature rests on shaky assumptions about the purported benefits of local TJ and provides inadequate attention to local-national power dynamics. By taking these factors into consideration, this article contends that local TJ efforts can be used to deflect justice in manners that paradoxically allow ruling parties to avoid human rights accountability and to conceal the truth about wartime violations. It further argues that the principal method by which justice is subverted is not through overt manipulation by abusive governments, but rather, through subtle and indirect ‘distortional framing’ practices, which ruling parties use to set discursive limits around discussions of conflict-related events and to obfuscate their own serious crimes. After developing this argument theoretically, the case study of Cambodia is considered in detail to reveal and to trace the processes by which distortional framing has been used as a technique to deflect justice.

Winnicott’s Idea OF The False Self: Theory as Autobiography

One of the most important concepts developed by D. W. Winnicott was his idea of the false self. In the course of his work, he was often preoccupied with the need to maintain a sense of psychological vitality, which could be threatened in various ways. Threats occur throughout the life cycle as parents, siblings, friends, teachers, and other people impact the individual and contribute to the creation of the inner world of fantasy, which is also self-generated. These elements can work together or separately to undermine one’s sense of vitality by the pressure to comply with a variety of demands, which can give rise to a false self. Winnicott’s principal method of exploring this issue was through his clinical work, which was informed by personal struggles instrumental in shaping his thinking about the concept.

The spread of epidemic under voluntary vaccination with heterogeneous infection rates

Epidemics usually spread widely and can cause a great deal of loss to humans. In the real world, vaccination is the principal method for suppressing the spread of infectious diseases. The Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model suggests that voluntary vaccination may affect the spread of an epidemic. Most studies to date have argued that the infection rates of nodes in the SIS model are not heterogeneous. However, in reality, there exist differences in the neighbor network structure and the number of contacts, which may affect the spread of infectious diseases in society. As a consequence, it can be reasonably assumed that the infection rate of the nodes is heterogeneous because of the amount of contact among people. Here, we propose an improved SIS model with heterogeneity in infection rates, proportional to the degree of nodes. By conducting simulations, we illustrate that almost all vaccinated nodes have high degrees when the infection rate is positively correlated with the degree of a node. These vaccinated nodes can divide the whole network into many connected sub-graphs, which significantly slows down the propagation of an epidemic; the heterogeneity of infection rates has a strong inhibitory effect on epidemic transmission. On the other hand, when the infection rate is negatively related to the degrees of the infection rate nodes, it is difficult for most nodes to meet the inoculation conditions, and the number of inoculations is close to zero.