scholarly journals Quantifying 87Sr/86Sr temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity for use in tracking fish movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsy R. Ciepiela ◽  
Annika W. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Platte River Basin ◽  
The Cost

The specificity and accuracy of inferred fish origin and movement relies on describing spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability of environmental signatures. But the cost and logistics of sample collection often precludes the complete quantification of environmental signature temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity. We used repeated sampling and a novel approach (Bayesian ridge regression, BRR) to quantify the temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity of 87Sr/86Sr, respectively. We explained 86% of observed variation in 87Sr/86Sr using a BRR model and estimated 87Sr/86Sr throughout the Upper North Platte River Basin with high accuracy (±0.00106). Year to year variation in 87Sr/86Sr signatures ranged from 0.00007 to 0.00073 (SD), while seasonal variation ranged from 0.00091 to 0.00134 (SD). We then assessed the specificity and discussed the accuracy of inferring movement using three scenarios of described spatial heterogeneity. Our results indicate reliable inference of fish movement requires comprehensive quantification of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation in environmental signatures.

Fuzzified time-frequency method for identification and localization of power system faults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pullabhatla Srikanth ◽  
Chiranjib Koley
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Fuzzy Decision ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
S Transform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Power System Faults ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

In this work, different types of power system faults at various distances have been identified using a novel approach based on Discrete S-Transform clubbed with a Fuzzy decision box. The area under the maximum values of the dilated Gaussian windows in the time-frequency domain has been used as the critical input values to the fuzzy machine. In this work, IEEE-9 and IEEE-14 bus systems have been considered as the test systems for validating the proposed methodology for identification and localization of Power System Faults. The proposed algorithm can identify different power system faults like Asymmetrical Phase Faults, Asymmetrical Ground Faults, and Symmetrical Phase faults, occurring at 20% to 80% of the transmission line. The study reveals that the variation in distance and type of fault creates a change in time-frequency magnitude in a unique pattern. The method can identify and locate the faulted bus with high accuracy in comparison to SVM.

Contour Extraction of Cerebrovascular Based on Maximum Optimization Cost

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1415-1418
Author(s):  
De Jiang Zhang ◽  
Na Na Dong ◽  
Xiao Mei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Contour Extraction ◽  
Target Image ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conventional Algorithm

By studying the conventional algorithm of contour extraction, a new method of contour extraction in blood vessel of brain is proposed based on the MOC maximum optimization cost. First of all, the theory computes the gray differential of the image by conventional differential method to build the cost space. Then, by using dynamic programming theory, the maximum optimization cost curve in the space is extracted to serve as the specific cerebrovascular profile. The experiments show that this method ensures high efficiency in extracting cerebrovascular contour and a high accuracy in positioning cerebrovascular contour, and it diminishes the target image ambiguity caused by noise to improve the anti-interference ability of Contour extraction.

A Novel Approach to the Assessment of Variations in the Human Platelet Count

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
John James ◽  
Dianne Brown ◽  
Gordon Whyte ◽  
Mark Dean ◽  
Colin Chesterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
First Report ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Platelet Number ◽  
Genetically Determined

SummaryThis is the first report of a method to assess the significance of numerical changes in the platelet count based upon a result exceeding the normal intra-individual variation in platelet numbers. Serial platelet counts from 3,789 subjects were analysed to determine the intra-individual variation in platelet numbers. A platelet count difference of 98 × 109/L in males was found to represent a change that would occur by chance in less than 1 in 1,000 platelet count determinations. Tables to determine the significance of platelet number variations, given N previous observations, are provided at two probability levels. The repeatability of the platelet count was calculated as 0.871 (males) and 0.849 (females) indicating that the heritability of platelet count is high and that the platelet count is predominantly genetically determined. A seasonal variation in platelet count was found with a ‘winter’ versus ‘summer’ difference of 5.10 × 109/L (males) and 5.82 × 109/L (females).

scholarly journals Visual multiple cross displacement amplification for the rapid identification of S. agalactiae immediately from vaginal and rectal swabs

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Cheng ◽  
Zhiqian Dou ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Dexi Liu ◽  
Yulong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Multiple Cross ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is an important pathogen that can lead to neonatus and mother infection. The current existing techniques for the identification of S. agalactiae are limited by accuracy, speed and high-cost. Therefore, a new multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) assay was developed for test of the target pathogen immediately from vaginal and rectal swabs. MCDA primers screening were conducted targeting S. agalactiae pcsB gene, and one set of MCDA primers with better rapidity and efficiency was selected for establishing the S. agalactiae-MCDA assay. As a result, the MCDA method could be completed at a constant temperature of 61 °C, without the requirement of special equipment. The detection limit is 250 fg (31.5 copies) per reaction, all S. agalactiae strains displayed positive results, but not for non-S. agalactiae strains. The visual MCDA assay detected 16 positive samples from 200 clinical specimen, which were also detected positive by enrichment/qPCR. While the CHROMagar culture detected 6 positive samples. Thus, the MCDA assay is prefer to enrichment/qPCR and culture for detecting S. agalactiae from clinical specimen. Particularly, the whole test of MCDA takes about 63.1 min, including sample collection (3 min), DNA preparation (15 min), MCDA reaction (45 min) and result reporting (6 s). In addition, the cost was very economic, with only US$ 4.9. These results indicated that our S. agalaciae-MCDA assay is a rapid, sensitive and cost-efficient technique for target pathogen detection, and is more suitable than conventional assays for an urgent detection, especially for 'on-site' laboratories and resource-constrained settings.

Localization Approach of Damage in Welded Joint Based on Acoustic Emission Beamforming

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denghong Xiao ◽  
Tian He ◽  
Xiandong Liu ◽  
Yingchun Shan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Line Array ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Localization Approach ◽  
Ae Signals

A novel approach of locating damage in welded joints is proposed based on acoustic emission (AE) beamforming, which is particularly applicable to complex plate-like structures. First, five AE sensors used to obtain AE signals generated from damage are distributed on the surface of the structure in a uniform line array. Then the beamforming method is adopted to detect the weld joints in the area of interest rather than all the points of the whole structure, and to determine the location and obtain information of AE sources. In order to study the ability of the proposed method more comprehensively, a rectangular steel tube with welded joints is taken for the pencil-lead-broken test. The localization results indicate that the proposed localization approach can effectively localize the failure welded joints. This improvement greatly reduces the cost of computation and also improves the efficiency of localization work compared with the traditional beamforming.

scholarly journals Propagation Analysis of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Light of the Percolation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Guettari ◽  
Ahmed El Aferni
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Boltzman Equation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Propagation Analysis ◽  
Speed Of Propagation

Efforts to combat the Covid-19 pandemic have not been limited to the processes of vaccine production, but they first began to analyze the dynamics of the epidemic’s spread so that they could adopt barrier measures to bypass the spread. To do this, the works of modeling, predicting and analyzing the spread of the virus continue to increase day after day. In this context, the aim of this chapter is to analyze the propagation of the Coronavirus pandemic by using the percolation theory. In fact, an analogy was established between the electrical conductivity of reverse micelles under temperature variation and the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic. So, the percolation theory was used to describe the cumulate infected people versus time by using a modified Sigmoid Boltzman equation (MSBE) and several quantities are introduced such as: the pandemic percolation time, the maximum infected people, the time constant and the characteristic contamination frequency deduced from Arrhenius equation. Scaling laws and critical exponents are introduced to describe the spread nature near the percolation time. The speed of propagation is also proposed and expressed. The novel approach based on the percolation theory was used to study the Coronavirus (Covid-19) spread in five countries: France, Italy, Germany, China and Tunisia, during 6 months of the pandemic spread (the first wave). So, an explicit expression connecting the number of people infected versus time is proposed to analyze the pandemic percolation. The reported MSBE fit results for the studied countries showed high accuracy.

scholarly journals Potential Cost-effectiveness of HIV Viral Load Sample Collection and Testing Methods in Malawi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Babigumira ◽  
Solomon J. Lubinga ◽  
Mindy M. Cheng ◽  
James K. Karichu ◽  
Louis P. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background HIV viral load (VL) monitoring informs antiretroviral therapy failure and helps to guide regimen changes. Typically, VL monitoring is performed using dried blood spot (DBS) samples transported and tested in a centralized laboratory. Novel sample collection technologies based on dried plasma stored on a plasma separation card (PSC) have become available. The cost-effectiveness of these different testing approaches to monitor VL is uncertain, especially in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of HIV VL testing approaches with PSC samples compared to DBS samples in Malawi. Methods We developed a decision-tree model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two different sample collection and testing methods—DBS and PSC samples transported and tested at central laboratories. The analysis used data from the published literature and was performed from the Malawi Ministry of Health perspective. We estimated costs of sample collection, transportation, and testing. The primary clinical outcome was test accuracy (proportion of patients correctly classified with or without treatment failure). Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of results. Results The estimated test accuracy for a DBS testing approach was 87.5% compared to 97.4% for an approach with PSC. The estimated total cost per patient of a DBS testing approach was $19.39 compared to $17.73 for a PSC approach. Based on this, a PSC-based testing approach “dominates” a DBS-based testing approach (i.e., lower cost and higher accuracy). Conclusion The base-case analysis shows that a testing approach using PSC sample is less costly and more accurate (correctly classifies more patients with or without treatment failure) than with a DBS approach. Our study suggests that a PSC testing approach is likely an optimal strategy for routine HIV VL monitoring in Malawi. However, given the limited data regarding sample viability, additional real-world data are needed to validate the results.

scholarly journals Privacy-preserving energy storage sharing with blockchain and secure multi-party computation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Sid Chi-Kin Chau ◽  
Yue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Third Party ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction ◽  
The Cost

Energy storage provides an effective way of shifting temporal energy demands and supplies, which enables significant cost reduction under time-of-use energy pricing plans. Despite its promising benefits, the cost of present energy storage remains expensive, presenting a major obstacle to practical deployment. A more viable solution to improve the cost-effectiveness is by sharing energy storage, such as community sharing, cloud energy storage and peer-to-peer sharing. However, revealing private energy demand data to an external energy storage operator may compromise user privacy, and is susceptible to data misuses and breaches. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to support energy storage sharing with privacy protection, based on privacy-preserving blockchain and secure multi-party computation. We present an integrated solution to enable privacy-preserving energy storage sharing, such that energy storage service scheduling and cost-sharing can be attained without the knowledge of individual users' demands. It also supports auditing and verification by the grid operator via blockchain. Furthermore, our privacy-preserving solution can safeguard against a majority of dishonest users, who may collude in cheating, without requiring a trusted third-party. We implemented our solution as a smart contract on real-world Ethereum blockchain platform, and provided empirical evaluation in this paper 1 .

scholarly journals An Efficient Probability Estimation Decision Tree Postprocessing Method for Mining Optimal Profitable Knowledge for Enterprises with Multi-Class Customers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (64) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
JanapatyI Naga Muneiah ◽  
Ch D V SubbaRao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Probability Estimation ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Phone Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Data

Enterprises often classify their customers based on the degree of profitability in decreasing order like C1, C2, ..., Cn. Generally, customers representing class Cn are zero profitable since they migrate to the competitor. They are called as attritors (or churners) and are the prime reason for the huge losses of the enterprises. Nevertheless, customers of other intermediary classes are reluctant and offer an insignificant amount of profits in different degrees and lead to uncertainty. Various data mining models like decision trees, etc., which are built using the customers’ profiles, are limited to classifying the customers as attritors or non-attritors only and not providing profitable actionable knowledge. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the automatic extraction of profit-maximizing knowledge for business applications with multi-class customers by postprocessing the probability estimation decision tree (PET). When the PET predicts a customer as belonging  to any of the lesser profitable classes, then, our algorithm suggests the cost-sensitive actions to change her/him to a maximum possible higher profitable status. In the proposed novel approach, the PET is represented in the compressed form as a Bit patterns matrix and the postprocessing task is performed on the bit patterns by applying the bitwise AND operations. The computational performance of the proposed method is strong due to the employment of effective data structures. Substantial experiments conducted on UCI datasets, real Mobile phone service data and other benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method remarkably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Application Layer Packet Processing Using PISA Switches

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8010
Author(s):  
Ismail Butun ◽  
Yusuf Tuncel ◽  
Kasim Oztoprak
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Switch Architecture ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
Application Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Telecommunication Operators

This paper investigates and proposes a solution for Protocol Independent Switch Architecture (PISA) to process application layer data, enabling the inspection of application content. PISA is a novel approach in networking where the switch does not run any embedded binary code but rather an interpreted code written in a domain-specific language. The main motivation behind this approach is that telecommunication operators do not want to be locked in by a vendor for any type of networking equipment, develop their own networking code in a hardware environment that is not governed by a single equipment manufacturer. This approach also eases the modeling of equipment in a simulation environment as all of the components of a hardware switch run the same compatible code in a software modeled switch. The novel techniques in this paper exploit the main functions of a programmable switch and combine the streaming data processor to create the desired effect from a telecommunication operator perspective to lower the costs and govern the network in a comprehensive manner. The results indicate that the proposed solution using PISA switches enables application visibility in an outstanding performance. This ability helps the operators to remove a fundamental gap between flexibility and scalability by making the best use of limited compute resources in application identification and the response to them. The experimental study indicates that, without any optimization, the proposed solution increases the performance of application identification systems 5.5 to 47.0 times. This study promises that DPI, NGFW (Next-Generation Firewall), and such application layer systems which have quite high costs per unit traffic volume and could not scale to a Tbps level, can be combined with PISA to overcome the cost and scalability issues.

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