Determinants of demand for wood products in the US construction sector: an econometric analysis of a system of demand equations

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haim ◽  
Darius M. Adams ◽  
Eric M. White
Keyword(s):  
Wood Products ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Us ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
End Use ◽  
End Uses

A system of conditional demand equations for wood products in the US construction sector is derived from the relevant end-use cost functions by taking advantage of the duality between the production function and the cost functions. Seven different inputs, including five wood products, labor, and capital, and three different end uses (new housing construction, repair and remodeling, and nonresidential construction) are analyzed. A seemingly unrelated regression estimation procedure is employed using a detailed annual time series database that spans the period from 1950 to 2009. Results suggest large variability in own-price long-term demand elasticity among wood inputs and across end uses. Softwood lumber, for example, is highly inelastic for new housing construction, inelastic for repair and remodeling, and nearly unitary elastic for nonresidential construction. Softwood plywood, on the other hand, is elastic for new housing construction and highly inelastic for nonresidential construction. In addition, we find that dynamic adjustments to long-term conditional intensity factor demand are prevalent across all inputs and among all three end-use categories.

Trends in the US decking market: A national survey of deck and home builders

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indroneil Ganguly ◽  
Ivan L. Eastin
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
The Us ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
End Use ◽  
Composite Wood

The deck-building industry is going through a period of rapid growth and dramatic change with respect to the types of materials available to build decks. Naturally durable timber species (i.e., redwood, western redcedar, Alaska yellow-cedar and tropical hardwoods) are facing acute competition from engineered decking products, primarily plastic lumber and composite wood products. The results of a 2004 national survey of 156 deck builders and 212 home builders indicate that wood–plastic composites are quickly gaining popularity among deck-building professionals as they increase their market share. This paper investigates deck-building professionals’ use and perceptions of the different decking materials. The study also reveals the usage patterns of the various decking materials in the primary end-use applications (substructure, deck surface and deck accessories). Finally, a comparative assessment of the different decking materials relative to a common set of material attributes is presented. Key words: decking market, deck-building practices, decking material, residential housing, deck builders, homebuilders

scholarly journals Global mitigation potential of carbon stored in harvested wood products

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (29) ◽  
pp. 14526-14531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. T. Johnston ◽  
Volker C. Radeloff
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Harvested Wood Products ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Us ◽  
End Use

Carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWPs) can affect national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, in which the production and end use of HWPs play a key role. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides guidance on HWP carbon accounting, which is sensitive to future developments of socioeconomic factors including population, income, and trade. We estimated the carbon stored within HWPs from 1961 to 2065 for 180 countries following IPCC carbon-accounting guidelines, consistent with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT) historical data and plausible futures outlined by the shared socioeconomic pathways. We found that the global HWP pool was a net annual sink of 335 Mt of CO2 equivalent (CO2e)⋅y−1 in 2015, offsetting substantial amounts of industrial processes within some countries, and as much as 441 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 by 2030 under certain socioeconomic developments. Furthermore, there is a considerable sequestration gap (71 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 of unaccounted carbon storage in 2015 and 120 Mt of CO2e⋅y−1 by 2065) under current IPCC Good Practice Guidance, as traded feedstock is ineligible for national GHG inventories. However, even under favorable socioeconomic conditions, and when accounting for the sequestration gap, carbon stored annually in HWPs is <1% of global emissions. Furthermore, economic shocks can turn the HWP pool into a carbon source either long-term—e.g., the collapse of the USSR—or short-term—e.g., the US economic recession of 2008/09. In conclusion, carbon stored within end-use HWPs varies widely across countries and depends on evolving market forces.

Moving past the vaccine/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter R. Breggin
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Vaccines

BACKGROUND: The vaccine/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.

Sanctions of the USA and the Policy of Bank of Russia:double Blow to the National Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glazyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption ◽  
The Eu

This article examines fundamental questions of monetary policy in the context of challenges to the national security of Russia in connection with the imposition of economic sanctions by the US and the EU. It is proved that the policy of the Russian monetary authorities, particularly the Central Bank, artificially limiting the money supply in the domestic market and pandering to the export of capital, compounds the effects of economic sanctions and plunges the economy into depression. The article presents practical advice on the transition from external to domestic sources of long-term credit with the simultaneous adoption of measures to prevent capital flight.

Endurance of Transnationalism in Bolivia’s Valle Alto

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Jones ◽  
Leonardo De la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Work ◽  
Intentions To Return ◽  
Economic Ties

The increasing difficulty of return migration and the demands for assimilation into host societies suggest a long-term cutting of ties to origin areas—likely accentuated in the Bolivian case by the recent shift in destinations from Argentina to the US and Spain. Making use of a stratified random sample of 417 families as well as ethnographic interviews in the provinces of Punata, Esteban Arze, and Jordán in the Valle Alto region the authors investigate these issues. Results suggest that for families with greater than ten years cumulated foreign work experience, there are significantly more absentees and lower levels of remittances as a percentage of household income. Although cultural ties remain strong after ten years, intentions to return to Bolivia decline markedly. The question of whether the dimunition of economic ties results in long-term village decline in the Valle Alto remains an unanswered.   

Study of Natural Minerals of U-Ryrochlore-Type Structure as Analogues of Plutonium Ceramic Waste-form

2002 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman V. Bogdanov ◽  
Yuri F. Batrakov ◽  
Elena V. Puchkova ◽  
Andrey S. Sergeev ◽  
Boris E. Burakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Pyrochlore Structure ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pyrochlore Type

ABSTRACTAt present, crystalline ceramic based on titanate pyrochlore, (Ca,Gd,Hf,Pu,U)2Ti2O7, is considered as the US candidate waste form for the immobilization of weapons grade plutonium. Naturally occuring U-bearing minerals with pyrochlore-type structure: hatchettolite, betafite, and ellsworthite, were studied in orders to understand long-term radiation damage effects in Pu ceramic waste forms. Chemical shifts (δ) of U(Lδ1)– and U(Lβ1) – X-ray emission lines were measured by X-ray spectrometry. Calculations were performed on the basis of a two-dimensional δLá1- and δLδ1- correlation diagram. It was shown that 100% of uranium in hatchettolite and, probably, 95-100% of uranium in betafite are in the form of (UO2)2+. formal calculation shows that in ellsworthite only 20% of uranium is in the form of U4+ and 80% of the rest is in the forms of U5+ and U6+. The conversion of the initial U4+ ion originally occurring in the pyrochlore structure of natural minerals to (UO2)2+ due to metamict decay causes a significant increase in uranium mobility.

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