scholarly journals Exotic litter of the invasive plantLigustrum lucidumalters enzymatic production and lignin degradation by selected saprotrophic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta Mallerman ◽  
Raúl Itria ◽  
Enrique Alarcón-Gutiérrez ◽  
Christian Hernández ◽  
Laura Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
C Nmr

Chemical changes in leaf input to forest soils have been reported to affect decay processes. In this work, litter mass loss and decomposition constants (k) during 200 days in solid-state fermentation of the native tree Celtis tala Gill. ex Planch. and the exotic one Ligustrum lucidum Ait. with three common litter saprotrophic basidiomycetes were compared. Alterations in litter quality were characterized by solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy, pH, soluble sugars, ammonium, proteins, and phenol content determination and were associated with extracellular lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Differences in substrate decomposition related to litter type were observed for Leratiomyces ceres, achieving a higher k in the exotic L. lucidum litter, which might be attributed to the induction of manganese peroxidase activity. Substrate preference for alkyl C and more degradation of lignified compounds were found in such substrates. Although no statistical differences in mass loss were observed for the rest of the fungi assayed, we detected changes in several of the parameters evaluated. This suggests that exotic invasions may alter ecosystem functioning by accelerating decomposition processes through an increased fungal ligninolytic activity.

Effects of base-cation fertilization on litter decomposition in a sugar maple forest in southern Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Lukumbuzya ◽  
J.W. Fyles ◽  
B. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Poor Site ◽  
Decomposer Community

Application of base-cation fertilizers has been shown to increase tree growth and vigour in declining sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stands in southern Quebec but little is known about the effects of such fertilizers on litter quality or decomposition. Sugar maple foliage litters from fertilized and unfertilized plots on a base-poor site and from a naturally base-rich site were incubated in litterbags of 1- and 3-mm mesh sizes on fertilized and unfertilized plots at the base-poor site. Mass loss of unfertilized litter was slower in fertilized than in unfertilized plots, suggesting a negative effect of fertilization on the decomposer community. Faster mass loss of fertilized than unfertilized litter incubated in the same plot indicated that changes in litter quality brought about by fertilization enhanced decomposition. Mass loss of fertilized litter on fertilized plots did not differ from that of unfertilized litter on control plots, indicating that although decomposition processes are affected by fertilization the overall effect on decomposition is negligible. Mass loss was significantly, but only slightly, higher in large mesh than in small mesh bags indicating that larger soil fauna play a limited role in litter decomposition in this forest.

scholarly journals Structural Investigations of C-Nitrosobenzenes. Part 3.1 Solid-state and Solution 13C NMR Studies, and Crystal Structure of E-(4-CIC6H4NO)2

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Fletcher ◽  
Brian G. Gowenlock ◽  
Keith G. Orrell ◽  
David C. Apperley ◽  
Michael B. Hursthouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
C Nmr

Solid-state and solution 13C NMR data for the monomers and dimers of 3- and 4-substituted nitrosobenzenes, and the crystal structure of E-(4-CIC6H4NO)2 are reported.

47,49Ti NMR in Metals, Inorganics, and Gels

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bastow
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
C Nmr

Some recent progress in solid state 47,49Ti NMR is described and reviewed. The metallic-state work described covers metals such as hep titanium, TiB2 , a number of intermetallics such as TiAl2 and TiAl3· The inorganic work covers the various titanium oxide based materials including the TiO2 polymorphs, anatase, rutile and brookite. The gel work covers the evolution of crystalline titania from gels formed by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide. Some complementary data from 17O and 13C NMR and powder X-ray diffraction is also included.

Solid state stereochemistry of crown ethers: X-ray crystal structure and 13C NMR studies of the LiNCS complex of 1,4,7,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
G W Buchanan ◽  
A B Driega ◽  
G PA Yap
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Crown Ether ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Title Complex ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Amplitude Motion ◽  
C Nmr

The title complex is asymmetric in the crystal due to the spatial orientation of the NCS function. The space group has been determined to be P21 with a = 9.496(3), b = 8.736(3), c = 9.676(3) Å, β = 117.859(5)°, and Z = 2. The solid state 13C NMR spectrum is consistent with the lack of symmetry in the crystal and there is little evidence for large amplitude motion in the macrocycle as determined from the dipolar dephased spectrum.Key words: macrocyclic crown ether, lithium complex.

scholarly journals Simple Methylcadmium Alkoxides

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajit Jana ◽  
Tania Pape ◽  
Norbert W. Mitzel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Solid State Structures ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
C Nmr

The reaction of dimethylcadmium with alcohols R-OH in equimolar ratio leads to the formation of tetrameric methylcadmium alkoxides with molecular formula [(MeCd)4 (OR)4] [R = Me (1), Et (2) and iPr (3)]. These compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, by mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and by X-ray crystallography (for 2 and 3). The solid state structures show distorted cubane-type aggregates with Cd4O4 cores. The structural aspects and the spectroscopic characterisations of these compounds are discussed.

High-resolution solid-state C NMR study of per(3,6-anhydro)-α-cyclodextrin based polymers and of their chromium complexes

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S CADARS ◽  
M FORAY ◽  
A GADELLE ◽  
G GERBAUD ◽  
M BARDET
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromium Complexes ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
C Nmr

Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and solid-state 13C NMR study of tris(9-crown-3)triphenylene

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W Buchanan ◽  
Majid F Rastegar ◽  
Glenn PA Yap
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Crown Ether ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
Solid State 13C Nmr

Benzo-9-crown-3 ether trimerizes in the presence of FeCl3 and aqueous H2SO4 to produce tris(9-crown-3)triphenylene in 25.4% yield. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group: a = 13.759(2) Å, b = 13.318(2) Å, c = 13.399(2) Å, β = 96.883(2)°, with Z = 4. The three 9-crown-3 ether units of the trimer possess different geometries and there is substantial deviation from coplanarity in the three aromatic rings. 13C NMR chemical shifts in the solid state are consistent with this lack of symmetry and are discussed in terms of the X-ray crystal-structure data.Key words: crown ether, trimerization, stereochemistry.

scholarly journals Solid state and solution structural investigation of homoleptic tin(IV) alkoxide compounds. Part I. Sn(O—t-Bu)4 and [Sn(O—i-Pr)4•HO—i-Pr]2

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hampden-Smith ◽  
Teresa A. Wark ◽  
Arnold Rheingold ◽  
John C. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal System ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Reversible Dissociation ◽  
C Nmr

The crystal and molecular structures of Sn(O—t-Bu)4• and [Sn(O—i-Pr)4•HO—i-Pr]2 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Sn(O—t-Bu)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group C2/c, where a = 17.382(6) Å, b = 8.742(2) Å, c = 15.518(5) Å, β = 116.44(1)°, Z = 4, and R = 2.5%. Sn(O—t-Bu)4 is monomeric in the solid state, with a distorted tetrahedral tin coordination environment. [Sn(O—i-Pr)4•HO—i-Pr]2 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/n, where a = 11.808(3) Å, b = 14.356(3) Å, c = 12.380(2) Å, β = 95.27(2)°, Z = 2, and R = 4.9%. [Sn(O—i-Pr)4•HO—i-Pr]2 exhibits an edge-shared, bi-octahedral structure in the solid state that is distorted due to the presence of asymmetric hydrogen bonding between axially coordinated alcohol ligands and an isopropoxide ligand.13C NMR and IR spectroscopic data have been recorded for Sn(O—t-Bu)4 and Sn(O—t-Bu-d9)4 to establish criteria for unambiguous identification of solution structures of tin(IV) alkoxides. It is demonstrated that the two-bond [Formula: see text] coupling constant is larger for terminal alkoxide ligands than for μ2-alkoxide bridges, and the ν(Sn—O) stretching frequency has been assigned. The dynamic solution behaviour of [Sn(O—i-Pr)4•HO—i-Pr]2 has been studied using variable temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The data obtained are consistent with a process that involves rapid reversible dissociation of isopropanol at room temperature. Upon cooling, the equilibrium concentration of the species with coordinated alcohol increases, and the molecule undergoes rapid intramolecular proton transfer (AG≠ < 11.9 kcalmol−1). Upon further cooling, the 13C NMR data are consistent with a solution structure analogous to that found in the solid state. Key words: tin, alkoxide, NMR, dynamic, structure.

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