scholarly journals The expansion of brown rot disease throughout Bolivia: possible role of climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Castillo ◽  
Giovanna Plata
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Latently Infected

Bacterial wilt is a devastating plant disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum species complex and affects different crops. Bacterial wilt infecting potato is also known as brown rot (BR) and is responsible for significant economic losses in potato production, especially in developing countries. In Bolivia, BR affects up to 75% of the potato crop in areas with high incidence and 100% of stored potatoes. The disease has disseminated since its introduction to the country in the mid-1980s mostly through contaminated seed tubers. To avoid this, local farmers multiply seed tubers in highlands because the strain infecting potatoes cannot survive near-freezing temperatures that are typical in the high mountains. Past disease surveys have shown an increase in seed tubers with latent infection in areas at altitudes lower than 3000 m a.s.l. Since global warming is increasing in the Andes Mountains, in this work, we explored the incidence of BR in areas at altitudes above 3000 m a.s.l. Results showed BR presence in the majority of these areas, suggesting a correlation between the increase in disease incidence and the increase in temperature and the number of irregular weather events resulting from climate change. However, it cannot be excluded that the increasing availability of latently infected seed tubers has boosted the spread of BR.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Strains Causing Bacterial Wilt of Potato in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1922-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Abdurahman ◽  
Monica L. Parker ◽  
Jan Kreuze ◽  
John G. Elphinstone ◽  
Paul C. Struik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Phylotype I

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a serious threat to potato production in Uganda. However, little is known about the extent of the disease and the type of the pathogen strains involved. A nationwide survey was conducted to study BW prevalence and incidence in potato, and potato tuber and stem samples of potential alternative hosts were collected for pathogen isolation. DNA was extracted from pure cultures for genetic diversity studies. The pathogen was phylotyped by multiplex PCR; then, a subset of isolates was typed at sequevar level. Isolates of the same sequevar were then haplotyped using multilocus tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) schemes. BW prevalence and incidence in potato farms were 81.4 and 1.7%, respectively. Three RSSC phylotypes were identified, with the majority of the strains belonging to Phylotype II (80%) followed by Phylotype I (18.5%) and III (1.5%). Phylotype I strains belonged to Sequevar 31, and Phylotype II strains belonged to Sequevar 1. Potato-associated Phylotype II Sequevar 1 strains were more diverse (27 TRST haplotypes) than nonpotato Phylotype I (5 TRST haplotypes). Mapping of TRST haplotypes revealed that three TRST haplotypes of Phylotype II Sequevar 1 strains play an important epidemiological role in BW of potato in Uganda being disseminated via latently infected seed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Utilization of Rhizobacteria and Spent Mushroom Compost for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Adeela Altaf ◽  
Muhammad Inam-ul-Haq
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
The World

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important staple food in the world after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). In Pakistan, potato crop is cultivated over an area of 191.6 million hectares. On an average potato production in Pakistan is 20 tonnes per hectare.A target has set by The Government of Pakistan to produce about 4.871 million tons potatoes during Rabi Season 2020-21. (Federal Committee on Agriculture FCA) The potato production exceeds 376 million tonnes harvested from an area of 19.25 million hectares in the world (FAOSTAT 2018). Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt is a major threat to potato production. Management through biocontrol agents is one of the best methods that can replace synthetic chemical-based formulations. In the current study combine effect of antagonist rhizobacteria as biocontrol agent and spent mushroom compost as biofertilizer were tested against bacterial wilt disease pathogen. Potato plant samples infected with R. solanacearum and rhizobacteria were collected from potato growing fields in Rawalpindi. Out of twenty tested antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates, only three viz., Rh10, Rh12 and Rh 15 showed maximum inhibitory effect against R. solanacearum. In another experiment different combinations of treatments containing rhizobacteria alone or combined with fresh and spent mushroom composts were also tested against the bacterial wilt pathogen under laboratory conditions. Combination of rhizobacteria along with weathered compost (T5) reduced the disease incidence to 15.92 % when compared against 77.81 % in control after six weeks. Significant increase in plant height up to 41.83 cm was also observed as compared to control viz., 35.5cm. Similarly, T2 (only fresh compost), T3 (containing fresh compost along with rhizobacteria) and T4 (rhizobacteria along with weathered compost) also showed better results as compared to against control (T0) where there was no application of rhizobacteria and compost. Application of rhizobacterial along with spent mushroom compost can significantly reduce the disease incidence along with the improvement in plant growth parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of projected climate scenarios on the yields of potato crop and agronomic adaptation options as evaluated by crop growth model

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
SAON BANERJEE ◽  
KUSHAL SARMAH ◽  
ASIS MUKHERJEE ◽  
ABDUS SATTAR ◽  
PINTOO BANDOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Agronomic Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Options

Potato is the most important non-cereal crop in the world and the most prominent winter season crop in India. Growth and yield of potato crop is very much sensitive to higher temperatures and the moisture stress. Hence, the anticipated increase of temperature due to global warming and climatic variability will have anadverse impact on potato production. Keeping this in view, a research work was carried out with the objectives to assess the impact of climate change on potato production and evaluating agronomic adaptation options through a crop growth simulation model (CGSM). Field experiments were carried out to prepare the minimum dataset for calibration and validation of one CGSM, namely InfoCrop. After validation, the model was used to predict the future tuber yield of ten selected stations situated under different agroclimatic regions of the State. In the future scenario 2050, the simulated yield for mid November planted crop likely to be about 11% less than the present level of mean yield. If the crop is planted in December, the percentage of yield reduction may be around 25%.The projected yield reduction, for the stations of higher latitude, is found to be negligible. Three possible agronomic adaptation options, viz., adjustment of date of planting, increase of seed rate and varying sprout length of seed tubers, have been tried as adaptation strategies to combat the adverse effects of climate change. It is concluded that the mid-November planting and longer sprout length will be the best adaptation option. However, the enhanced seed rate is not a viable adaptation option.

scholarly journals Behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 During Latent and Active Infection of Geranium

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Swanson ◽  
Jian Yao ◽  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Latently Infected

Southern wilt of geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum), caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), has inflicted significant economic losses when geranium cuttings latently infected with this quarantine pest were imported into the United States. Little is known about the interaction between R. solanacearum and this ornamental host. Using UW551, a virulent R3bv2 geranium isolate from a Kenyan geranium, we characterized development of Southern wilt disease and R3bv2 latent infection on geranium plants. Following soil inoculation, between 12 and 26% of plants became latently infected, carrying average bacterial populations of 4.8 × 108 CFU/g of crown tissue in the absence of visible symptoms. Such latently infected plants shed an average of 1.3 × 105 CFU/ml in soil run-off water, suggesting a non-destructive means of testing pools of asymptomatic plants. Similarly, symptomatic plants shed 2 × 106 CFU/ml of run-off water. A few hundred R. solanacearum cells introduced directly into geranium stems resulted in death of almost all inoculated plants. However, no disease transmission was detected after contact between wounded leaves. Increasing temperatures to 28°C for 2 weeks did not convert all latently infected plants to active disease, although disease development was temperature dependent. Holding plants at 4°C for 48 h, a routine practice during geranium cutting shipment, did not increase frequency of latent infections. R. solanacearum cells were distributed unevenly in the stems and leaves of both symptomatic and latently infected plants, meaning that random leaf sampling is an unreliable testing method. UW551 also caused potato brown rot and bacterial wilt of tomato, surpassing race 1 strain K60 in virulence on tomato at the relatively cool temperature of 24°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Nutrition on Disease Development and Latent Infection of Bacterial Wilt in Grafted Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 445B-445
Author(s):  
H. Yamazaki ◽  
S. Kikuchi ◽  
T. Hoshina ◽  
T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Resistant Rootstock

To control bacterial wilt of tomato, grafting with resistant rootstocks widely prevails in Japan, but the disease has recently occurred even on grafted plants. Concerning this breakdown of resistance, the experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Ca nutrition on disease development and latent infection of bacterial wilt in grafted tomato seedlings. Three levels of Ca (0.4, 4.4, or 20.4 mm) in a nutrient solution were applied to grafted seedlings (scion: `Momotarou', resistant rootstock: `Hawaii 7998') grown in a phytotron. One week after the Ca treatment, seedlings were inoculated with a 108 cfu/ml suspension of Ralstonia solanacearum by a stem puncture at the basal stem of the rootstock. The disease incidence was recorded for 21 days. In a second experiment, xylem exudates were collected from decapitated scions of the Ca-treated seedlings 5 days after inoculation. Populations of the pathogen in the exudates were counted by plating on a selective medium. Colonies isolated were reinoculated to susceptible seedlings to check the virulence. The high Ca treatment increased leaf and stem Ca contents, and significantly reduced the disease incidence. While Ca concentrations in the xylem exudates increased with the high Ca treatment, the populations of the pathogen in the exudates were high (>109 cfu/ml) even at the high Ca treatment. All the colonies isolated were virulent. These results showed that grafted tomato seedlings treated with a high Ca concentration were highly resistant to bacterial wilt, but latently infected.

scholarly journals Thirty years of the PROINPA Foundation's contribution to Bolivian agriculture: Case of “Marcela” potato crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
J. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Late Potato ◽  
Potato Blight

With the objetive of recognizing Bolivian researchers, who are not always mentioned, we have written this simple but significant document, in which the case of potato cultivation “Marcela”, which is being widely used in the valleys from Tarija and Potosí heights mainly, due to its tolerance to drought, resistance to late potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) and precocity, with yields ranging from 15 to 20 t ha-1. This cultivar was assumed by INIAF as an alternative strategy to deal with reducing the effects of climate change on potato production.

scholarly journals Assessment of technological gap and performance of management of common scab of potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Laxman Prasad Balai ◽  
D.R. Sharma ◽  
Navab Singh ◽  
S.M. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Performance

Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) disease of potato is becoming prominent in many potato-growing districts of Rajasthan resulting in economic losses, since a decade. The experiment was executed out to assess the technological gap and performance of management approaches. Potato tubers of cultivar Kufri Bahar was treated with 3.0 per cent boric acid before planting (spray) for the duration of time 30 min and evaluated against the pathogen. This experiment was conducted as on farm trials (OFT) at different villages likewise Phoospura, Naurangabad, Moosalpur, Saktpur and Sarkankhera in Dholpur district for two years (2017-18 to 2018-19). As a result of this experiment treated tuber plants registered the lowest disease incidence (10.6%) and disease control (75.05) as compared to existing farmer practices (FP). The adoption of demonstrated technology was improved potato production and plant protection measures. The OFT was effective in changing the attitude, skill and knowledge of plant protection approach. Potato yield also increased upto 10.37 per cent as compared to the existing FP. Results indicates that plant protection approach increased the net income by Rs. 80580/- ha over the existing FP. It is suggested to organize demonstrations at farmers field on technology assessed through OFT by agriculture department for minimizing the technological gap and increased yield of quality potato.

Climate Change and Land Suitability for Potato Cultivation in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kashinath Naitam ◽  
Preeti Deshmukt ◽  
P. C. Moharana ◽  
Indal K. Ramteke ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Almost All

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops in India accounting for 20-25% of area under cultivation of vegetables and grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. It is grown in almost all states under diversified agro-climatic conditions. Nearly 80% of the crop is grown in Indo- Gangetic plains comprising Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and other parts of India like Gujarat and Karnataka. Moreover, within the country, there is a lot of heterogeneity in potato productivity depending upon mostly on management and climatic conditions. The viability of commercial potato production is influenced by spatial and temporal variability in soils, agro climate, and the availability of water resources. The inter and intra-regional variations in productivity within the country are attributed to the variations in bio-physical factors vis-a-vis specific soil-climatic requirements of the crop. The present chapter discusses the impact of climate change on the land resources requirement for potato crop with reference to Indian context.

Climate Change and Land Suitability for Potato Cultivation in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1040-1052
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kashinath Naitam ◽  
Preeti Deshmukt ◽  
P. C. Moharana ◽  
Indal K. Ramteke ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Almost All

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops in India accounting for 20-25% of area under cultivation of vegetables and grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. It is grown in almost all states under diversified agro-climatic conditions. Nearly 80% of the crop is grown in Indo- Gangetic plains comprising Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and other parts of India like Gujarat and Karnataka. Moreover, within the country, there is a lot of heterogeneity in potato productivity depending upon mostly on management and climatic conditions. The viability of commercial potato production is influenced by spatial and temporal variability in soils, agro climate, and the availability of water resources. The inter and intra-regional variations in productivity within the country are attributed to the variations in bio-physical factors vis-a-vis specific soil-climatic requirements of the crop. The present chapter discusses the impact of climate change on the land resources requirement for potato crop with reference to Indian context.

scholarly journals Influence of the Potato Production System in the Soil Suppressiveness to Bacterial Wilt

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Juliana Zucolotto ◽  
Carlos F. Ragassi ◽  
Carlos A. Lopes ◽  
Fernando A. Piotto ◽  
Paulo C. T. De Melo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Conventional Production

The potato crop is highly affected by soil-borne diseases motivating its continuous migration to non-cultivated areas. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia spp. is one of the main diseases affecting the potato crop in Brazil, since the conventional production system, used throughout the country, promotes an ideal environment for proliferation of members of this pathogen complex. Studying alternative potato production systems aiming to improve the soil biological properties is necessary in order to avoid the continuous migration of the potato crop to new areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate different potato production systems, namely, the Paces an alternative potato production system and the organic potato production systems in contrast to the conventional production system, a soil from the Paces system sterilized through autoclaving and an undisturbed Atlantic rainforest soil regarding the soil suppressiveness to bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, arranged in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, the main factor being the production system and the secondary factor corresponding to the doses of soil contaminated with R. solanacearum added to each treatment (0, 25, 50 and 75%). The additional treatment corresponded to the soil of the conventional system with high incidence of R. solanacearum. The soil suppressiveness to bacterial wilt is a biological process inhibited by autoclaving. The Paces and the organic potato production systems have a significant potential to suppress R. solanacearum in infested soil.

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