Vitamin D: Immuno-modulation and tuberculosis treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramasivam Selvaraj ◽  
Murugesan Harishankar ◽  
Kolloli Afsal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
High Doses

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and often coincides with vitamin D deficiency. High doses of vitamin D were widely used to treat TB during the pre-antibiotic era. Vitamin D exerts its action through vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis as well as sputum smear and culture conversion during anti-TB treatment. In-vitro studies have revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances innate immunity by increased expression of various antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin, and induction of autophagy of the infected cells thus restricts the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. On the other hand, vitamin D has been shown to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and enhance the anti-inflammatory response. Supplementation with vitamin D in concert with treatment for TB may be beneficial with respect to minimizing the excessive tissue damage that occurs during the active stage of tuberculosis disease. Several clinical trials have evaluated vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct therapy in the treatment for tuberculosis. However, results are conflicting, owing to variations in dose regimens and outcomes. Further investigations are needed to find the optimal concentration of vitamin D for supplementation with standard anti-TB drugs to optimize treatment, which could help to effectively manage both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D accelerates resolution of inflammatory responses during tuberculosis treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (38) ◽  
pp. 15449-15454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Coussens ◽  
Robert J. Wilkinson ◽  
Yasmeen Hanifa ◽  
Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy ◽  
Paul T. Elkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Increased Risk

Calcidiol, the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, supports induction of pleiotropic antimicrobial responses in vitro. Vitamin D supplementation elevates circulating calcidiol concentrations, and thus has a potential role in the prevention and treatment of infection. The immunomodulatory effects of administering vitamin D to humans with an infectious disease have not previously been reported. To characterize these effects, we conducted a detailed longitudinal study of circulating and antigen-stimulated immune responses in ninety-five patients receiving antimicrobial therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis who were randomized to receive adjunctive high-dose vitamin D or placebo in a clinical trial, and who fulfilled criteria for per-protocol analysis. Vitamin D supplementation accelerated sputum smear conversion and enhanced treatment-induced resolution of lymphopaenia, monocytosis, hypercytokinaemia, and hyperchemokinaemia. Administration of vitamin D also suppressed antigen-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine responses, but attenuated the suppressive effect of antimicrobial therapy on antigen-stimulated secretion of IL-4, CC chemokine ligand 5, and IFN-α. We demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for vitamin D supplementation in accelerating resolution of inflammatory responses during tuberculosis treatment. Our findings suggest a potential role for adjunctive vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of pulmonary infections to accelerate resolution of inflammatory responses associated with increased risk of mortality.

scholarly journals Vitamin D as an Adjunctive Treatment to Standard Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: An Evidence-Based Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diajeng Ayesha Soeharto ◽  
Diana Ashilah Rifai ◽  
Stella Marsudidjadja ◽  
Aisha Emilirosy Roekman ◽  
Chadijah Karima Assegaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Background. Vitamin D has a prominent role in the body’s innate immunity as it is important in the maintenance of macrophages and monocytes and its function in defending against infections.In-vitrostudies have established vitamin D’s potential role in tuberculosis (TB) infection, in that it restrictsMycobacterium tuberculosisgrowth, thus implying the potential benefit of vitamin D as an adjunctive treatment for TB. However, clinical trials and reviews have contradicting findings regarding the true clinical efficacy of adjunctive vitamin D, particularly in reducing the sputum conversion rate (SCR).Objective. This study aims to update the current evidence regarding vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive treatment in achieving the smear sputum conversion rate (SCR) among pulmonary TB patients.Method. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2018 in PubMed-NCBI, MEDLINE-OVID, SCOPUS-Elsevier, and Cochrane. The selection of studies was done as per the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria of this EBCR and resulted in the inclusion of 11 eligible studies (8 RCTs and 3 systematic reviews). The selected studies were then critically appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability according to the CEBM (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) appraisal tools.Results. Overall, most of the trials showed no statistically significant changes in terms of the proportion of TB patients with a negative sputum smear conversion in the group treated with an adjunctive therapy vs. the group treated with standard antituberculosis therapy alone. Only one trial showed significant results, which was conducted in a population of TB patients with vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, overall the reviews showed no significant change in the 8-week sputum smear conversion after treatment within the group given vitamin D in comparison to those who were not.Conclusion. Vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in TB patients shows no clinical improvement in terms of sputum conversion to antituberculosis management.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms Modify the Response to Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Ricardo Usategui-Martín ◽  
Daniel-Antonio De Luis-Román ◽  
José María Fernández-Gómez ◽  
Marta Ruiz-Mambrilla ◽  
José-Luis Pérez-Castrillón
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcriptional regulators, is crucial to calcitriol signalling. VDR is regulated by genetic and environmental factors and it is hypothesised that the response to vitamin D supplementation could be modulated by genetic variants in the VDR gene. The best studied polymorphisms in the VDR gene are Apal (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Taql (rs731236) and Fokl (rs10735810). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the response to vitamin D supplementation according to the BsmI, TaqI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms. We included studies that analysed the relationship between the response to vitamin D supplementation and the genotypic distribution of these polymorphisms. We included eight studies that enrolled 1038 subjects. The results showed no significant association with the BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms (p = 0.081 and p = 0.63) and that the variant allele (Tt+tt) of the TaqI polymorphism and the FF genotype of the FokI variant were associated with a better response to vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, the TaqI and FokI polymorphisms could play a role in the modulation of the response to vitamin D supplementation, as they are associated with a better response to supplementation.

scholarly journals Study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in a cohort of myocardial infarction patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Raljević ◽  
Viktor Peršić ◽  
Elitza Markova-Car ◽  
Leon Cindrić ◽  
Rajko Miškulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Vdr Polymorphism ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Polymorphisms

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery diseases (CAD). As vitamin D manifests its biological function through its vitamin D receptor (VDR), VDR gene polymorphisms potentially affect VDR functionality and vitamin D activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze three well-studied VDR gene polymorphisms—Fok1 (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236)—in a cohort of CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. Methods In the presented cross-sectional study, 155 participants with CAD after acute myocardial infarction and 104 participants in a control group without CAD were enrolled. The participants in both groups were Caucasians of European origin. The genotyping of VDR polymorphisms rs2228570, rs1544410 and rs731236 was assessed by RT-PCR. Results The results show an association between the T/T genotype of the BsmI (rs1544410) and the G/G genotype of the Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. There was no association between the Fok1 (rs2228570) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion The presented results suggest a potential association of the BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphisms with CAD patients after myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms in Turkish Brain Cancer Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Toptaş ◽  
Ali Metin Kafadar ◽  
Canan Cacina ◽  
Saime Turan ◽  
Leman Melis Yurdum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective. It has been stated that brain cancers are an increasingly serious issue in many parts of the world. The aim of our study was to determine a possible relationship between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and the risk of glioma and meningioma.Methods. We investigated the VDR Taq-I and VDR Fok-I gene polymorphisms in 100 brain cancer patients (including 44 meningioma cases and 56 glioma cases) and 122 age-matched healthy control subjects. This study was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RF LP).Results. VDR Fok-I ff genotype was significantly increased in meningioma patients (15.9%) compared with controls (2.5%), and carriers of Fok-I ff genotype had a 6.47-fold increased risk for meningioma cases. There was no significant difference between patients and controls for VDR Taq-I genotypes and alleles.Conclusions. We suggest that VDR Fok-I genotypes might affect the development of meningioma.

The effect of VDR gene polymorphisms and vitamin D level on blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia, gestational age, and body mass index

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 6441-6448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Rezavand ◽  
Saba Tabarok ◽  
Ziba Rahimi ◽  
Asad Vaisi‐Raygani ◽  
Ehsan Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

scholarly journals Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms were associated with oral lichen planus susceptibility in Chinese Han population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Shen ◽  
Qinglan Liu ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Haozhi Fan ◽  
Feng Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Oral Lichen

Abstract Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is involved in multiple immune-mediated disorders including Oral lichen planus (OLP). This study was aimed to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of OLP. 177 OLP patients and 207 healthy participants were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs731236, rs739837, rs757343, rs2107301, rs2239185, rs7975232, rs11574129 and rs11568820) on the VDR gene were selected and genotyped. The results showed that the OLP risk was increased in subjects with the rs2239185 TT genotype (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.28-5.62, P = 0.009) and rs7975232 CC genotype (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.10-4.58, P = 0.026). And the significant cumulative effects on OLP risk were found in rs2239185 and rs7975232 (P < 0.01). The haplotype analysis showed that haplotype CC (rs2239185-rs7975232) was associated with increased OLP risk (OR =3.11, 95% CI = 1.42-6.83, P = 0.005), compared with haplotype AC. In conclusion, the variants of VDR rs2239185 and rs7975232 may influence the OLP susceptibility and VDR gene polymorphisms may be the candidate susceptibility region of OLP in Chinese Han population.

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