Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic Umiljendic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.

scholarly journals Impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.) on physiological and anatomical changes in untreated and herbicide-treated alfalfa plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Leaf Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The effects of field dodder on physiological processes and the anatomy of alfalfa plants were examined under controlled conditions. The experiment included the following variants: N - noninfested alfalfa plants (control); I - infested alfalfa plants (untreated); T - infested plants treated with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr application rate was 100 g a.i. ha-1. The following parameters were checked: physiological - pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids); anatomical - stem parameters: thickness of epidermis and cortex, and diameter of stem and central cylinder; leaf parameters: thickness of epidermis, parenchyma and spongy tissue, mesophyll and underside leaf epidermis, and diameter of bundle sheath cells in alfalfa plants. Pigment contents and anatomical parameters were measured: prior to herbicide treatment (0 assessment), then 7 (I assessment), 14 (II assessment), 21 (III assessment), 28 (IV assessment) and 35 (V assessment) days after application (DAA). Field dodder was found to affect the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a and carotenoids in untreated alfalfa plants, causing significant reductions in pigment content. Conversely, percent reduction in the treated plants decreased 22-5% for chlorophyll a, 25-1%, for chlorophyll b, and 21-11% for carotenoids, while a stimulating effect of 1-6% was observed for the contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids 35 DAA. Plants infested (untreated) by field dodder had lower values of most anatomical parameters, compared to noninfested plants. The measured anatomical parameters of alfalfa stems and leaves had significantly higher values in noninfested plants and plants treated with imazethapyr than in untreated plants.

scholarly journals Nutrient Effect on the Taste of Mineral Waters: Evidence from Europe

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Vladimir Honig ◽  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Michal Obergruber ◽  
Hynek Roubík
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
The Individual

In this study, 15 selected bottled mineral waters from chosen European countries were tested for their mineral nutrient contents. In particular, six important nutrients (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−) were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The content of mineral nutrients in all sampled mineral waters were compared to their expected content based on the label. Consequently, their taste was evaluated by 60 trained panelists who participated in the sensory analysis. The results from both the atomic absorption spectroscopy and sensory analysis were analyzed using the regression framework. On the basis of the results from the regression analysis, we determined to what extent the individual mineral nutrients determined the taste of the mineral water. According to the regression results, four out of six analyzed nutrients had a measurable impact on taste. These findings can help producers to provide ideal, health-improving nutrients for mineral water buyers.

scholarly journals Specificity and Plasticity of the Functional Ionome of Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum Exposed to Micronutrient or Beneficial Nutrient Deprivation and Predictive Sensitivity of the Ionomic Signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien D’Oria ◽  
Galatéa Courbet ◽  
Aurélia Lornac ◽  
Sylvain Pluchon ◽  
Mustapha Arkoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Deprivation ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Relative Root

The specific variation in the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum plants subjected to micronutrient or beneficial mineral nutrient deprivation. Effects of these deprivations were compared to those of macronutrient deprivation. In order to identify early events, plants were harvested after 22 days, i.e., before any significant reduction in growth relative to control plants. Root uptake, tissue concentrations and relative root nutrient contents were analyzed revealing numerous interactions with respect to the 20 elements quantified. The assessment of the functional ionome under individual mineral nutrient deficiency allows the identification of a large number of interactions between elements, although it is not totally exhaustive, and gives access to specific ionomic signatures that discriminate among deficiencies in N, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na, Si, and Se in both species, plus Mg, Cl, Cu, and Mo in wheat. Ionome modifications and components of ionomic signatures are discussed in relation to well-known mechanisms that may explain crosstalks between mineral nutrients, such as between Na and K, V, Se, Mo and S or Fe, Zn and Cu. More surprisingly, when deprived of beneficial nutrients such as Na, Si, Co, or Se, the plant ionome was strongly modified while these beneficial nutrients contributed greatly to the leaf ionomic signature of most mineral deficiencies.

The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

SUMMARYPotential cellulose digestibility, measured by incubation in vitrofor 6 days, decreased during floral development in perennial ryegrass, Wimmera ryegrass, cocksfoot, oat and tall fescue. The rate of decline was slower than for cellulose digestibility measured after incubation in vitro for 2 days only. Morphological fractions ranked in order of descending potential cellulose digestibility – leaf blade, inflorescence, leaf sheath and stem.Lignin content was determined chemically by the method of Van Soest (1963) and lignified tissue was assessed by staining transverse sections of leaf blades and leaf sheaths with safranin and fast green. Both lignin and lignified tissue increased with maturity. Lignified tissue increased mainly through increase in the number of scleren-chyma cells, but was also affected by the formation of lacunae or cavities between the vascular bundles in leaf blades of cocksfoot and in leaf sheaths of all species studied. For 19 samples of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, potential cellulose digestibility had significant negative correlations with both lignin content (r = -0·862) and lignified tissue (r = -0·905). Limitations to the techniques used to assess lignification and further factors which may affect the relationship between lignification and potential cellulose digestibility are discussed.

Variation of mineral nutrient contents of modern and heirloom cultivars of cabbage in different regimes of soil fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 2432-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen V. Barker ◽  
Touria E. Eaton ◽  
Md J. Meagy ◽  
Emad Jahanzad ◽  
Gretchen M. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents

scholarly journals Complex Gene Regulation Underlying Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Soybean Root Response to Acidity Stress

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Qianqian Chen ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Wenqi Tan ◽  
Jiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ph Stat ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

Proton toxicity is one of the major environmental stresses limiting crop production and becomes increasingly serious because of anthropogenic activities. To understand acid tolerance mechanisms, the plant growth, mineral nutrients accumulation, and global transcriptome changes in soybean (Glycine max) in response to long-term acidity stress were investigated. Results showed that acidity stress significantly inhibited soybean root growth but exhibited slight effects on the shoot growth. Moreover, concentrations of essential mineral nutrients were significantly affected by acidity stress, mainly differing among soybean organs and mineral nutrient types. Concentrations of phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) in both leaves and roots, nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) in roots and magnesium (Mg) in leaves were significantly decreased by acidity stress, respectively. Whereas, concentrations of calcium (Ca), sulfate (S), and iron (Fe) were increased in both leaves and roots. Transcriptome analyses in soybean roots resulted in identification of 419 up-regulated and 555 down-regulated genes under acid conditions. A total of 38 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in mineral nutrients transportation. Among them, all the detected five GmPTs, four GmZIPs, two GmAMTs, and GmKUPs, together with GmIRT1, GmNramp5, GmVIT2.1, GmSKOR, GmTPK5, and GmHKT1, were significantly down-regulated by acidity stress. Moreover, the transcription of genes encoding transcription factors (e.g., GmSTOP2s) and associated with pH stat metabolic pathways was significantly up-regulated by acidity stress. Taken together, it strongly suggests that maintaining pH stat and mineral nutrient homeostasis are adaptive strategies of soybean responses to acidity stress, which might be regulated by a complex signaling network.

Physical Characters and Antioxidant, Sugar, and Mineral Nutrient Contents in Fruit from 29 Apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) Cultivars and Hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (22) ◽  
pp. 10754-10760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina D. Drogoudi ◽  
Stavros Vemmos ◽  
Georgios Pantelidis ◽  
Evangelia Petri ◽  
Chrysoula Tzoutzoukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents

scholarly journals Protein and mineral nutrient contents in kernels from 72 sweet almond cultivars and accessions grown in France, Greece and Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina D. Drogoudi ◽  
Georgios Pantelidis ◽  
Loretta Bacchetta ◽  
Donato De Giorgio ◽  
Henri Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Sweet Almond

Changes in the composition of globoids in castor bean cotyledons and endosperm during early seedling growth with and without complete mineral nutrients

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N.A. Lott ◽  
M. Marcia West ◽  
Ben Clark ◽  
Penny Beecroft
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

AbstractThe endosperm and cotyledon tissues of Ricinus communis seeds and young seedlings were examined for changes in the mineral nutrient composition of globoids during early seedling growth. The effect on globoid composition of providing mineral nutrients to the developing seedling was also investigated. Globoids in endosperm and cotyledon tissues of castor bean seeds contained P, Mg and K, as well as trace amounts of Ca, Fe and Zn. Irrespective of the addition of mineral nutrients, K content in globoids of endosperm and cotyledon tissues declined significantly during initial seedling growth. During early seedling growth, amounts of Fe, Zn and Ca increased in cotyledon globoids. Ca contents of globoids of endosperm tissues also increased. The changes in Fe, Zn and Ca globoid contents were not influenced by providing mineral nutrients to growing castor bean seedlings.

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