BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL LIGNIN: I. SULPHITE WASTE LIQUOR

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Waste Liquor ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Biological Decomposition

The wood staining fungus Endoconidiophora adiposa was found to be capable of decomposing approximately 10% of the lignin fraction of sulphite waste liquor media as measured by the β-naphthylamine precipitation method. It was also capable of utilizing 10 to 15% more of the reducing sugars than yeast. In the preparation of a suitable culture medium a number of different neutralizing agents were tested but, provided the proper pH adjustment was attained, there was little difference in their effect. Phosphate and nitrogen compounds were the only supplementary nutrients required and, for the fungus tested, organic and ammonia nitrogen was more satisfactory than inorganic nitrates.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Rice Chaff Using a Cocultivation System of Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nakamura ◽  
Norio Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Basal Salt Medium ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Ureibacillus Thermosphaericus

Lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and is a potential source of fuels and chemicals. Although this complex biomass is persistent, it can be cooperatively decomposed by a microbial consortium in nature. In this study, a coculture of the moderately thermophilic bacteria Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was used for biodegradation of rice chaff. The bacterial strains were incubated in modified Brock’s basal salt medium (pH 8.0) supplemented with yeast extract and rice chaff at 50 °C for 7 days. The concentration of reducing sugars and the enzymatic activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase, cellulase, and xylanase in the supernatant of the culture medium were measured every day. The concentrations of reducing sugars in solo cultures of T. fusca and U. thermosphaericus and a mixed culture of the two strains after 7 days of incubation were 0.047, 0.040, and 0.195 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that the decomposition of rice chaff was enhanced in the coculture. Based on the results, it is thought that the lignin surrounding the cellulose was decomposed by laccase and lignin peroxidase secreted from U. thermosphaericus, resulting in cellulose and hemicellulose in the rice chaff being easily decomposed by enzymes from T. fusca.

Study on the Treatment of Ammona-Nitrogen Wastewater by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Li Na He ◽  
Hua Ye ◽  
Can Cao ◽  
Ying Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Large quantities of ammonia-nitrogen (-N) in wastewater is one of the main causes of eutrophication that endanger both natural water bodies and fresh water seriously. Thus, it is necessary to find an economic and feasible method to remove the ammonium-nitrogen in wastewater before they are returned to the environment. Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation method is one of the effective technology of wastewater treatment. In this paper, the influence of initial ammonia-nitrogen concentration, pH, temperature and mole ratio of :NH+4 :Mg2+were studied, What is more, the optimum condition of this process was determined. The results indicated that ammonia-nitrogen concentration is decreased from 1434 mg/L to 95.65 mg/L, and the removal rate reached 93.33% at the optimum conditions, which laying a foundation for the following biochemical treatment.

Bilans nutritifs glucidique et azoté de tissus de tubercules de topinambour cultivés in vitro après irradiation gamma

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2218
Author(s):  
Janine Schaeverbeke-Sacré ◽  
Béatrice Matheron
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber

Carbohydrate and nitrogen budgets were studied in Jerusalem artichoke tuber explants cultured in vitro after gamma irradiation (0 to 106 rads (1 rad = 10−2 J/kg)). A certain level of reducing sugars is reached and retained in all the explants and, in all cases, an increase of protein nitrogen is observed. The highly irradiated tissues have a very disturbed metabolism that involves in particular, amino acid leaching into the culture medium.

Preparation and Analysis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Used as Highly Active Catalysts over a Wide pH Range

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 1057-1061
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Tie Long Li ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iron Leaching ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Co Precipitation

In this work, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with high peroxidase-like catalytic activity and spontaneous pH adjustment ability were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method followed by appropriate thermal treatment. Key synthesis factors were identified and adjusted to tailor the crystallinity, chemical composition and then catalytic property. The crystal structure and Fe (II) content of the catalyst strongly affected its degradation efficiency. Phenol was completely removed by the optimal magnetic nanoparticles under a wide range of pH from 3.0 to 8.0. Additionally, this catalyst exhibited low iron leaching, good reusability and excellent potential to eliminate various organic pollutants from waste water. The reaction mechanism was discussed in terms of the formation of HO• and O2•−/HO2• radicals.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Maillard Reaction Products on Growth of the Aerobic Marine Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Aeropyrum pernix

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4325-4328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Woung Kim ◽  
Sun Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaeon ◽  
Browning Reaction ◽  
Aeropyrum Pernix ◽  
Maillard Browning

ABSTRACT It was found that the growth of Aeropyrum pernix was severely inhibited in a medium containing reducing sugars and tryptone due to the formation of Maillard reaction products. The rate of the Maillard browning reaction was markedly enhanced under aerobic conditions, and the addition of Maillard reaction products to the culture medium caused fatal growth inhibition.

pH Adjustment for Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen

1953 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ph Adjustment

Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Chlor-Alkali Chemical Industry Wastewater by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Precipitation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 1096-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Zhi Yong Guo ◽  
Xiu Yi Hua ◽  
De Ming Dong ◽  
Da Peng Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Reagent Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Industry Wastewater

This study introduces a method of ammonia nitrogen removal from chlor-alkali industry wastewater by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation. The effect of pH, reagent ratio and temperature were investigated. The pH was found to be the most significant factor. The optimal ammonia nitrogen removal ratio is about 46% under the condition of pH=10, reagent ratio n(Mg) : n(N) : n(P)=1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0 and temperature=35°C. According to this study, MAP precipitation method has the potential ability to be applied to remove ammonia nitrogen from chlor-alkali chemical industry wastewater.

Ammonia nitrogen removal from acetylene purification wastewater from a PVC plant by struvite precipitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
DeMing Dong ◽  
XiuYi Hua ◽  
ZhiYong Guo ◽  
DaPeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Coarse Surface ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
High Concentrations

Acetylene purification wastewater (APW) usually contains high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), which is generated during the production of acetylene in a polyvinylchloride manufacturing plant. In this study, a struvite precipitation method was selected to remove NH4-N from the APW. Laboratory-scale batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the initial APW pH, phosphate (PO43−) concentration, magnesium (Mg2+) concentration, and sources of PO43− and Mg2+ on NH4-N removal. The results indicated that the initial APW pH had a significant effect on the removal of NH4-N, while the other factors had relatively minor effect. The NH4-N could be effectively removed at an optimum initial APW pH of 9.5, when Na2HPO4·12H2O and MgSO4·7H2O were both applied to NH4-N at a ratio of 1.2. Under these conditions, the efficiency of removal of NH4-N, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand were 85%, 84% and 18%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the precipitates were dominated by struvite. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the precipitates showed a typical morphology of stick-like and prismatic crystals with coarse surface. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicated that the precipitates contained P, O, Mg and Ca.

scholarly journals Development of a bacterial culture medium from avocado seed waste

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Tzintzun-Camacho ◽  
Lino Sánchez-Segura ◽  
Alexis Z Minchaca-Acosta ◽  
Luis M Rosales-Colunga ◽  
Ana L Hernández-Orihuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Luria Bertani Broth ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) seeds, a rich source of starch and micronutrients, are a major waste product from the agroindustrial processing of avocados. Here we designed and developed an experimental culture medium (ECM) from hydrolysed avocado seeds, supplemented with M9 salts (10% v/v). Breaking of starch granules of avocado seeds due to hydrolysis treatments was analysed by morphology and morphometry of granules. We evaluated the ECM functionality by measuring the growth of Escherichia coli as affected by (i) the carbon source (reducing sugars concentration), (ii) the nitrogen source, and (iii) mixing and aeration in a stirred tank bioreactor. ECM containing 13.33 and 20 g/L of reducing sugars reached a biomass production of 1.75 and 2.22 gDCW/L, respectively. The biomass yield from ECM was at least 2.5-fold higher than that obtained using Luria-Bertani Broth (LB) medium (0.23 vs 0.09). In addition, the growth rate increased with the agitation velocity (0.44 h-1 at 200 rpm; 0.36 h-1 at 150 rpm). Our findings suggest that avocado seeds represent a cost-effective material for producing a sustainable culture medium for bacterial growth of E. coli and other strains of interest in biotechnological processes.

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