scholarly journals Decomposition of Rice Chaff Using a Cocultivation System of Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nakamura ◽  
Norio Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Basal Salt Medium ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Ureibacillus Thermosphaericus

Lignocellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and is a potential source of fuels and chemicals. Although this complex biomass is persistent, it can be cooperatively decomposed by a microbial consortium in nature. In this study, a coculture of the moderately thermophilic bacteria Thermobifida fusca and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was used for biodegradation of rice chaff. The bacterial strains were incubated in modified Brock’s basal salt medium (pH 8.0) supplemented with yeast extract and rice chaff at 50 °C for 7 days. The concentration of reducing sugars and the enzymatic activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase, cellulase, and xylanase in the supernatant of the culture medium were measured every day. The concentrations of reducing sugars in solo cultures of T. fusca and U. thermosphaericus and a mixed culture of the two strains after 7 days of incubation were 0.047, 0.040, and 0.195 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that the decomposition of rice chaff was enhanced in the coculture. Based on the results, it is thought that the lignin surrounding the cellulose was decomposed by laccase and lignin peroxidase secreted from U. thermosphaericus, resulting in cellulose and hemicellulose in the rice chaff being easily decomposed by enzymes from T. fusca.

Bioleaching of Pyrrhotite by Moderately and Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Gu ◽  
Hui Sha Yang ◽  
Chong Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bacterial Leaching ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Abiotic Control

Pyrrhotite ores are always mingled with very finely disseminated gold and other precious metal particles, which raise the disposal of such refractory ores to bacterial leaching level. In this paper, the bioleaching tests of pyrrhotite were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks with moderately thermophilic Leptospirillum ferriphilum (at 40°C) and extremely thermophilic Acidianus manzaensis(at 65°C). The effects of bacterial strains, temperature, and acid tolerance on the extraction of iron were investigated, and the bioleaching residues were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that high temperature and low pH have important positive effects on the dissolution of iron under abiotic control, and extreme thermophilies are unsuitable for leaching pyrrhotite. As the pH value rapidly increased to above 4.4 and amounts of sulfur and goethite were generated at the initial stage during the process of bioleaching by A. manzaensis, the cell concentration dramatically declined. In comparison, more than 44% extraction of iron was achieved in the presence of L. ferriphilumafter four days of leaching. At the end of bioleaching, jarosite, sulfur and goethite, which could effectively block bioleaching process, were detected on the surface of residues by using XRD and SEM.

scholarly journals Identification of Poly(cis-1,4-Isoprene) Degradation Intermediates during Growth of Moderately Thermophilic Actinomycetes on Rubber and Cloning of a Functional lcp Homologue from Nocardia farcinica Strain E1

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3375-3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebaid M. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Matthias Arensk�tter ◽  
Heinrich Luftmann ◽  
Alexander Steinb�chel
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Thermophilic Actinomycetes ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Nocardia Farcinica ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT The enrichment and isolation of thermophilic bacteria capable of rubber [poly(cis-1,4-isoprene)] degradation revealed eight different strains exhibiting both currently known strategies used by rubber-degrading mesophilic bacteria. Taxonomic characterization of these isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated closest relationships to Actinomadura nitritigenes, Nocardia farcinica, and Thermomonospora curvata. While strains related to N. farcinica exhibited adhesive growth as described for mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes belonging to the genus Gordonia, strains related to A. nitritigenes and T. curvata formed translucent halos on natural rubber latex agar as described for several mycelium-forming actinomycetes. For all strains, optimum growth rates were observed at 50�C. The capability of rubber degradation was confirmed by mineralization experiments and by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Intermediates resulting from early degradation steps were purified by preparative GPC, and their analysis by infrared spectroscopy revealed the occurrence of carbonyl carbon atoms. Staining with Schiff's reagent also revealed the presence of aldehyde groups in the intermediates. Bifunctional isoprenoid species terminated with a keto and aldehyde function were found by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses. Evidence was obtained that biodegradation of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) is initiated by endocleavage, rather than by exocleavage. A gene (lcp) coding for a protein with high homology to Lcp (latex-clearing protein) from Streptomyces sp. strain K30 was identified in Nocardia farcinica E1. Streptomyces lividans TK23 expressing this Lcp homologue was able to cleave synthetic poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), confirming its involvement in initial polymer cleavage.

scholarly journals Properties of Thermobifida fusca peroxidase Tfu-1649 and its combined synergistic effects with xylanase on lignocellulose degradation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 942-953
Author(s):  
Wan-Yu Liao ◽  
Yu-Chun Huang ◽  
Wei-Lin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Yu Chen ◽  
Chao-Hsun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Thermophilic Actinomycetes ◽  
Biomass Decomposition

Lignocelluloses are comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignins, which constitute plant biomass. Since peroxidases can degrade lignins, the authors examined peroxidase Tfu-1649, which is secreted from the thermophilic actinomycetes, Thermobifida fusca BCRC 19214. After cultivating for 48 h, the culture broth accumulated 43.66 U/mL of peroxidase activity. The treatment of four types of lignocellulolytic byproducts, i.e., bagasse, corncob, pin sawdust, and Zizania latifolia Turcz husk, with Tfu-1649 alone increased the total phenolic compounds, with limited reducing sugars, but treatment with xylanase, Tfu-11, and peroxidase Tfu-1649 showed synergistic effects. Hence, the co-operative degradation of lignocelluloses by both peroxidase and xylanase could contribute to biomass decomposition and further applications in the agricultural and environmental industries.

scholarly journals Influence of cultivation conditions on IAA - producing activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from morning-glory (IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE (L.) R.Br.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Zhang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu ◽  
Vu Thi Linh ◽  
V.V. Pylnev ◽  
M.I. Popchenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Study Results

This work presents the experimental study results of the influence of the culture medium on the ability to IAA synthesis of three endophytic strains TH10R, TH11T, and TH13T from roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Three investigated strains give the highest IAA concentration after 96 h of cultivation. A significant increase in IAA biosynthesis was obtained by cultivating the TH10R strain in a medium containing lactose or starch as a carbon source and NH4Cl or KNO3 as a nitrogen source. The TH11T strain produces the maximum amount of IAA, using glucose or xylose and KNO3 or NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Sucrose is a suitable carbon source for the TH13T strain; on a sucrose-containing medium, the TH13T strain produces the highest IAA amount. The most active strain is TH10R, identified as Bacillus mycoides and named Bacillus mycoides TH10R.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Shilajit (Asphaltum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shahid Aziz ◽  
Sidra Khaliq ◽  
Habib Ur-Rehman ◽  
Kh. Shakeel Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p>Shilajit (asphaltum)  is produced  by the long term humification  of dead plant material  and organic vegetable matter  by different micro-organisms and has great potential for the treatment of a variety of human conditions.  This treatise reviews its origin, sources, chemical composition, biological  and  commercial importance. Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to evaluate  different Shilajit (asphaltum) classes of compounds in different samples of shilajit  which are responsible for their  biological activity.  Shilajit`s anti-microbial activity has been evaluated  against four different bacterial strains viz., <em>Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa</em>, <em>Klebisella pneumonia</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>Phytochemical analysis illustrated  that shilajit contains  terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. Surprisingly,  some classes of compounds are absent in shilajit  viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. . Shilajit showed no response towards halophytic bacteria and  negligible activity was shown towards other strains of bacteria. Since   anti-microbial activity is based on environmental factors  its activity varied  between locations.</p>

Dicyano-bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrat (II)/ferrat (III), ein weiteres eisenhaltiges Redoxsystem aus der Kulturlösung eines Pseudomonas-Stammes [1] / Dicyano-bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrate (II)/ferrate (III), a Further Fe Containing Redox System from the Culture Medium of Pseudomonas sp.

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Hildebrand ◽  
K. Taraz ◽  
H. Budzikiewicz ◽  
H. Korth ◽  
G. Pulverer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Normal Potential

From the culture medium of Pseudomonas sp. a further Fe containing complex, viz. dicyano- bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrate (III) (2) has been isolated which participates in a ferrate (II)/ferrate (III) redox system (normal potential of-0.013 V) in the range of the redox potentials of cytochromes. Pyridine-2,6-di(monothiocarboxylic acid) which originally has been considered to be characteristic for Pseudomonas putida has been found recently as a metabolite of other bacterial strains (two of which have been characterized in this paper) as well.

scholarly journals Studies on the Production of Fungal Peroxidases inAspergillus niger

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3016-3023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Conesa ◽  
Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel ◽  
Peter J. Punt
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Extracellular Medium

ABSTRACT To get insight into the limiting factors existing for the efficient production of fungal peroxidase in filamentous fungi, the expression of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase H8 (lipA) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) H4 (mnp1) genes in Aspergillus niger has been studied. For this purpose, a protease-deficient A. niger strain and different expression cassettes have been used. Northern blotting experiments indicated high steady-state mRNA levels for the recombinant genes. Manganese peroxidase was secreted into the culture medium as an active protein. The recombinant protein showed specific activity and a spectrum profile similar to those of the native enzyme, was correctly processed at its N terminus, and had a slightly lower mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Recombinant MnP production could be increased up to 100 mg/liter upon hemoglobin supplementation of the culture medium. Lignin peroxidase was also secreted into the extracellular medium, although the protein was not active, presumably due to incorrect processing of the secreted enzyme. Expression of the lipA and mnp1 genes fused to the A. niger glucoamylase gene did not result in improved production yields.

BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL LIGNIN: I. SULPHITE WASTE LIQUOR

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Waste Liquor ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Biological Decomposition

The wood staining fungus Endoconidiophora adiposa was found to be capable of decomposing approximately 10% of the lignin fraction of sulphite waste liquor media as measured by the β-naphthylamine precipitation method. It was also capable of utilizing 10 to 15% more of the reducing sugars than yeast. In the preparation of a suitable culture medium a number of different neutralizing agents were tested but, provided the proper pH adjustment was attained, there was little difference in their effect. Phosphate and nitrogen compounds were the only supplementary nutrients required and, for the fungus tested, organic and ammonia nitrogen was more satisfactory than inorganic nitrates.

Molybdenite Bioleaching by Thermophilic Bacteria in a RELVA-ARBP Bioreactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Rosa Elva Rivera-Santillán ◽  
Felipe Patricio-Ramírez ◽  
Francisco Artuto López-López
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Difficult Condition ◽  
Nutrients Concentration

The biological technologies application in sulfide minerals leaching to the recovery of valuables metal is a very important technological advance. They are environmental friendly and favor the sustainability of metals production in the mining and metals industry. Nowadays there is not enough basic information on molybdenite bioleaching, as well as there isn`t equip capable to obtain efficient molybdenum extractions. The difficulty depends in part on microorganisms tolerance to the molybdenum. An 85% molybdenum extraction in 6 months has been reported. This work assesses the molybdenite bioleaching from a concentrate (MoS2) with thermophilic microorganisms, at a temperature of 65 °C, on a new reactor designed at the Faculty of Chemistry of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, to obtain higher extractions of molybdenum. Since bioleaching an aerobic process, the oxygen transference is a difficult condition to achieve because its solubility in water is very low and in the air 20.9 %. In addition to homogenize and maintain constant the nutrients concentration, in this new bioreactor could be established the physical, chemical and biological conditions that lead to the microorganisms optimal growth, due to these are environmental sensitive. This new equip allows us mix the nutrients in a homogeneous way. Also is able maintain constant the nutrients concentration, and all controlled physical, biological and chemical parameters. Finally does not cause any microorganisms damage. The RELVA-ARBP bioreactor allows us the control of necessary conditions for a growth more efficient of the bacterial strains. This will allow leach more rapidly the ore, increasing the molybdenum extraction kinetics. The tests results of bioleaching molybdenite with a mixed strain of extreme thermophiles carried out at 65 °C in an orbital incubator and in the RELVA-ARBP bioreactor, show a better efficiency of the bioreactor used.

Bilans nutritifs glucidique et azoté de tissus de tubercules de topinambour cultivés in vitro après irradiation gamma

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2218
Author(s):  
Janine Schaeverbeke-Sacré ◽  
Béatrice Matheron
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber

Carbohydrate and nitrogen budgets were studied in Jerusalem artichoke tuber explants cultured in vitro after gamma irradiation (0 to 106 rads (1 rad = 10−2 J/kg)). A certain level of reducing sugars is reached and retained in all the explants and, in all cases, an increase of protein nitrogen is observed. The highly irradiated tissues have a very disturbed metabolism that involves in particular, amino acid leaching into the culture medium.

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