THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND DIETARY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Max M. Cantor ◽  
A. Gerald Richards
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
The Relationship

It has been found that, when weanling rats are placed on a diet containing low protein barley (protein = 8.5%) or on diets containing low protein barley with supplements of casein or individual essential amino acids, with the exception of lysine and methionine, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase is related in an inverse fashion to the rate of growth. The addition to the basal low protein diet of methionine or casein, i.e., of labile methyl groups, results in the lowering of serum alkaline phosphatase activity towards normal levels. This is considered to reflect a return to normal of fat mobilization.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY FACTORS TO RAT SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE: 1. THE EFFECT OF FAT, METHIONINE, AND CYSTINE

1950 ◽  
Vol 28e (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Ridley K. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Relationship Of

In synthetic diets fed to weanling rats, methionine and fat must be present in a definite ratio in order to maintain a serum alkaline phosphatase activity equal to that obtained on a standard laboratory diet of animal checkers. This ratio is approximately 1:25 by weight for a diet containing 8.5% fat. Increased fat enhances, while increased methionine lowers, the serum phosphatase activity. Although in some experiments methionine was fed in concentrations sufficient to lower phosphatase activity to what has been considered definitely subnormal values, growth was good and the general condition of the animals was excellent. However, beyond certain concentrations of the amino acid, food consumption decreased and weight losses occurred. Cystine had no effect in opposing the action of methionine on serum alkaline phosphatase.

CHANGES IN INTESTINAL AND SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVELS DURING ABSORPTION OF CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenie Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Force Feeding

After force-feeding fasted male albino rats with solutions of amino acids it was observed that:(a) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased after ingestion of glycine, leucine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, methionine, arginine, and large doses of glycine – glutamic acid – histidine mixtures, while a decrease was noted after force-feeding tryptophan.(b) Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by solutions of glycine, histidine, and glutamic acid when each amino acid was given singly and even more when a mixture of these three amino acids was force-fed. Methionine on the other hand produced a highly significant depression of the activity of this enzyme.(c) Serum inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly decreased after ingestion of glycine, leucine, serine, threonine, methionine, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.(d) Serum α-amino nitrogen concentration was increased in all cases except with cystine and lysine, when no change was observed, whereas arginine produced a highly significant drop, attributed to stimulation of urea cycle.(e) The α-amino nitrogen concentration of intestinal homogenates was increased after force-feeding glycine, leucine, cystine, methionine, glutamic acid, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and large amounts of glycine – histidine – glutamic acid mixtures.

CHANGES IN INTESTINAL AND SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVELS DURING ABSORPTION OF CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenie Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Force Feeding

After force-feeding fasted male albino rats with solutions of amino acids it was observed that:(a) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased after ingestion of glycine, leucine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, methionine, arginine, and large doses of glycine – glutamic acid – histidine mixtures, while a decrease was noted after force-feeding tryptophan.(b) Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by solutions of glycine, histidine, and glutamic acid when each amino acid was given singly and even more when a mixture of these three amino acids was force-fed. Methionine on the other hand produced a highly significant depression of the activity of this enzyme.(c) Serum inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly decreased after ingestion of glycine, leucine, serine, threonine, methionine, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.(d) Serum α-amino nitrogen concentration was increased in all cases except with cystine and lysine, when no change was observed, whereas arginine produced a highly significant drop, attributed to stimulation of urea cycle.(e) The α-amino nitrogen concentration of intestinal homogenates was increased after force-feeding glycine, leucine, cystine, methionine, glutamic acid, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and large amounts of glycine – histidine – glutamic acid mixtures.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity is regulated by a chromosomal region containing the alkaline phosphatase 2 gene (Akp2) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Foreman ◽  
David A. Blizard ◽  
Glenn Gerhard ◽  
Holly A. Mack ◽  
Dean H. Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Lod Score ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Trait Locus

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were conducted to identify chromosomal regions that contribute to variability in serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity in mice derived from the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains. Serum AP was measured in 400 B6D2 F2 mice at 5 mo and 400 B6D2 F2 mice at 15 mo of age that were genotyped at 96 microsatellite markers, and in 19 BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains at 5 mo of age. A QTL on the distal end of chromosome 4 was present in all sex- and age-specific analyses with a peak logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 20.36 at 58.51 cM. The Akp2 gene, which encodes the major serum AP isozyme, falls within this QTL region at 70.2 cM where the LOD score reached 13.2 (LOD significance level set at 4.3). Serum AP activity was directly related to the number of D2 alleles of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of the Akp2 gene, although no strain-related differences in hepatic expression of Akp2 RNA were found. A variety of sequence polymorphisms in this chromosomal region could be responsible for the differences in serum AP activity; the Akp2 gene, however, with several known amino acid substitutions between protein sequences of the B6 and D2 strains, is a leading candidate.

Rickets Associated With Long-Term Anticonvulsant Therapy in a Pediatric Outpatient Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Crosley ◽  
Claire Chee ◽  
Peter H. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Anticonvulsant Therapy ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
And Control

Over a 12-month period, an ambulatory pediatric population receiving long-term anticonvulsants was surveyed for the presence of biochemical and radiologic rickets. There were 74 treated children and 95 matched controls. Elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in 31 of the 74 (42%) treated children (23 of 47 children between 2 and 10 years and 8 of 21 children between 10 and 16 years). This frequency of abnormal values was significantly greater than that which occurred in our control population. Calcium and phosphorus abnormalities were minimal in both treated and control populations. Radiologic rickets occurred in 6 of the 74 (8%) of the treated children and in none of the control population. Neither the severity of the rickets nor the degree of hyperalkaline phosphatasemia were correlated with age of the patient, duration, and/or dose of anticonvulsant therapy.

scholarly journals The relative effects of a low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet on the free amino acid composition of liver and muscle

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
P. G. Lunn ◽  
R. G. Whitehead ◽  
B. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Low Protein

1. Free amino acid concentrations in the plasma have been compared with those in liver and quadriceps muscle, in rats fed on diets containing 209 (control) and 31 (low-protein) g protein/kg. The effects of the low-protein diet on diurnal variations in these values were also measured.2. In the plasma, the total amino acid concentration was significantly lower in animals given the low-protein diet, at all times of day except 12.00 hours. In the liver, and to a lesser extent the muscle, total amino acid concentration was maintained.3. In the control animals, diurnal variation in the concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids was very similar in plasma, liver and muscle. In animals given the low-protein diet, although the same diurnal pattern was maintained for non-essential amino acids, that occurring among the essential amino acids had virtually disappeared.4. In plasma, the mean 24 h concentration of essential amino acids decreased from 24· mmol/l in control animals to only 1·29 mmol/l in the low-protein-fed animals. Concentrations in muscle and liver were reduced by a similar proportion (from 8·6 to 5·56 μmol/g and from 8·67 to 5·05 μmol/g respectively). Conversely the concentrations of non-essential amino acids in animals given the low-protein diet were increased in plasma (from 1·53 to 2·00 mmol/l), muscle (from 12·5 to 14·3 μmol/g), and liver (from 16·8 to 20·5 μmol/g), muscle showing the lowest increase.5. With the exceptions of lysine, threonine, cystine and tyrosine, the concentrations of all other essential amino acids were reduced more in liver than in muscle. The relationship between this and the failure to maintain plasma albumin concentrations is discussed.

scholarly journals Tau‐induced brain atrophy and neuroinflammation accelerated by low‐protein diet and decelerated by selected essential amino acids in a murine model of tauopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Takado ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Masako Tsukamoto‐Yasui ◽  
Keiichiro Minatohara ◽  
Manami Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein
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