AGGLUTINATION OF ERYTHROCYTES CONTAINING SULPHAEMOGLOBIN – FURTHER EVIDENCE OF SPECIFIC AGGREGATION

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McKerns ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Osmotic Stability

By sulphuration of red blood cells with hydrogen sulphide, up to 75% of the haemoglobin can be converted to sulphaemoglobin without seriously impairing the osmotic stability or the agglutinability of the cells with various antisera with exception of anti-Rh. Unlike the A, B, M, and N agglutinogens, the Rh factor is labile to sulphuration and numerous other treatments. Sulphurated cells, by their size and color, can be distinguished from normal cells under the microscope. This feature has been used to confirm Marrack's hypothesis that the aggregation phase of the agglutination reaction is specific.

scholarly journals LEAD STUDIES

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Aub ◽  
Paul Reznikoff ◽  
Dorothea E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Surface Changes

The physiological changes following the reaction of lead upon red blood cells are numerous and show the marked effects of a change in the cell surface. In experiments here reported 0.01 to 0.05 mg. of lead acting upon 5 billion red cells caused such marked variations from normal as: 1. Partial loss of the normal stickiness of red corpuscles, which is demonstrated by their falling from a clean glass surface. 2. Loss of the agglutination reaction which normally follows mixture with serum of a different isoagglutinating group. 3. Decrease in volume even in isotonic solutions. 4. Loss of normal elasticity and, therefore, reduced changes in volume upon exposure to marked variations in osmotic tension. 5. Increase in resistance to large changes in external osmotic pressure because of this inelasticity, and therefore decreased hemolysis in hypotonic salt solution (Part 1). 6. Increase in the speed of disintegration in spite of this increased resistance to external osmotic pressure. "Leaded" cells break up more readily upon standing than do normal cells, and are easily fractured by rotation or shaking (Part 1). All these phenomena seem to be associated largely with surface changes in the corpuscles. Evidence is cited that there is no chemical reaction between lead and hemoglobin. The gas exchange is identical in normal and "leaded" cells. The function of the interior of the red cells, therefore, appears to be unaffected by lead. The effects of lead upon red blood cells are thus manifested by shrinkage, inability to expand, increased brittleness, and loss of the normal consistency which makes their surface sticky. After exposure to lead, red blood corpuscles are more like hard inelastic brittle rubber balls, than like the soft, elastic, resilient cells characteristic of normal blood.

scholarly journals THE ISOELECTRIC POINT OF RED BLOOD CELLS AND ITS RELATION TO AGGLUTINATION

1921 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin B. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Side ◽  
Chlorine Ions

1. The movement of normal and sensitized red blood cells in the electric field is a function of the hydrogen ion concentration. The isoelectric point, at which no movement occurs, corresponds with pH 4.6. 2. On the alkaline side of the isoelectric point the charge carried is negative and increases with the alkalinity. On the acid side the charge is positive and increases with the acidity. 3. On the alkaline side at least the charge carried by sensitized cells is smaller and increases less rapidly with the alkalinity than the charge of normal cells. 4. Both normal and sensitized cells combine chemically with inorganic ions, and the isoelectric point is a turning point for this chemical behavior. On the acid side the cells combine with the hydrogen and chlorine ions, and in much larger amount than on the alkaline side; on the alkaline side the cells combine with a cation (Ba), and in larger amount than on the acid side. This behavior corresponds with that found by Loeb for gelatin. 5. The optimum for agglutination of normal cells is at pH 4.75, so that at this point the cells exist most nearly pure, or least combined with anion and cation. 6. The optimum for agglutination of sensitized cells is at pH 5.3. This point is probably connected with the optimum for flocculation of the immune serum body.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Deficiency Causes Impaired Osmotic Stability of Cultured Red Blood Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernecker ◽  
Harald Köfeler ◽  
Georg Pabst ◽  
Martin Trötzmüller ◽  
Dagmar Kolb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Stability

scholarly journals Different responses of normal cells (red blood cells) and cancer cells (K562 and K562/Dox cells) to low-dose 137Cs gamma‑rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamaporn Supawat ◽  
Panumas Homnuan ◽  
Natthawan Kanthawong ◽  
Niyada Semrasa ◽  
Singkome Tima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Normal Cells

scholarly journals The Immunologic Specificity of Antiserum for Trypsin-Treated Red Blood Cells and Its Reactions with Normal and Hemolytic Anemia Cells

Blood ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW C. DODD ◽  
CLAUDE-STARR WRIGHT ◽  
J. ALBERT BAXTER ◽  
BERTHA A. BOURONCLE ◽  
ALVINZA E. BUNNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Absorption Data ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Specific Fraction

Abstract 1. Rabbits were immunized with both normal (Nrbc) and trypsinized (Trbc) human red blood cells and the antisera examined with normal, trypsinized, periodate-treated, and hemolytic anemia cells. 2. Absorption studies showed the presence of a fraction in both anti-Trbc and anti-Nrbc that was specific for trypsinized cells. 3. This T cell specific fraction from anti-Trbc serum (anti-TE) did not agglutinate or sensitize normal red blood cells, but agglutinated periodate-treated cells. This latter specificity was shown to be a part of the modification produced by trypsinization. 4. Anti-TE also agglutinated the cells of fifteen of nineteen patients with acquired hemolytic anemia and three of thirteen cases of hereditary spherocytosis. 5. Antibody for trypsinized and normal cells was also detected in antiserum to normal cells. Absorption data suggested the presence in this antiserum of antibody with a dual specificity for both types of cells. 6. The role of the antigenic modifications produced by trypsin in red cell immunization and in hemolytic anemia is discussed.

scholarly journals Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Golongan Darah dan Rhesus dengan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hadi Syahputra ◽  
Sepsa Nur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Light Sensor ◽  
Group Detection ◽  
Abo Blood Type

The aim of the research is to design the tools used to detect and determine blood type. Blood and rhesus group detection can usually be done manually through a process of testing red blood cells with antisera (serum) to see if blood that has been given antisera (serum) occurs agglutination (agglutination) or non-agglutination (not clot). In this study, blood type and rhesus detection was designed electronically using ABO blood type and Rhesus system. It is designed using three pairs of light sensor, LED sensor as transmitter and Photodioda as receiver, comparator circuit and arduino mega 2560 microcontroller. Agglutination sensor or non-agglutination reaction of blood sample mixed with antisera. Next, it sends the voltage to be conditioned by the comparator circuit then sent to the microcontroller for processing and the blood type and rhesus readings will be displayed on the LCD screen.

Transport of water and urea in red blood cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. C195-C203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Macey
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Single File ◽  
Osmotic Stability ◽  
Water Transport Properties

Evidence for water channels in red blood cells is reviewed. In an entropically driven reaction, organic mercurials decrease water permeability, elevate the activation energy, and reduce the ratio of osmotic to diffusional water permeabilities to unity so that water transport properties of red blood cells are hardly distinguishable from lipid bilayers. It is concluded that mercurials close the water channels. A variety of kinetic, pharmacological, and comparative evidence converges on the conclusion that urea and other solutes are excluded from water channels. Urea apparently permeates the red cell membrane via a facilitated diffusion system, which plays an important role when red blood cells traverse the renal medulla; rapid urea transport helps preserve the osmotic stability and deformability of the cell, and it helps prevent dissipation of extracellular osmotic gradients. Water apparently traverses the channel via a single-file mechanism; the very low channel permeability of H+ is explained if the channel contains fixed charge, or alternatively, if the mobile water molecules within the channel do not form a continuum. An alternative unitary pore hypothesis for simultaneous transport of water, ions, and small solutes is also discussedl.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

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