New Records of Algae in Shaqlawa District, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Monthly samples of algae collected in eighteen sites of springs and streams through September-2019 till August-2020during morning till afternoon in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eleven various kinds of algae were identified for first time in Iraqi inland water, distributed to three genera of blue-green algae, which include Marssoniella elegans, Pseudoanabaena catenata,Cyanotheca aeroginosa,also in Pyrrophyta identified four new species genera include Gymnodium inversum, Woloszynskia tenuissima, Peridinium goslaviense, Hemidinium naustumandXanthopyta recorded three species were Ophiocytium arbuscula, Ophiocytium parvulum, Tetraedriella polychloriswhile Cryptophyta only have one species was Cryptomonas reflex. According to physicals and chemicals characteristics, water temperature varied from 14.942oC to 18.475oC, pH lies on alkaline side of neutrality, electrical conductivity ranged between (627.472-2092.306s/cm) and high concentration of salinity recorded in Azarian spring, higher value of calcium and magnesium recorded in Azarian and Benwan springs were 294.84 mg/L and 106.578 mg/L respectively. Lower value of nitrate and phosphate reported in Sard and Piawan springs, while lower value of sulfate observed in Prenga spring.

INDICATORS OF ORAL FLUID AND THEIR CORRECTION BY MEANS OF HYGIENE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH GENERAL SOMATIC DISEASES

Приведены результаты исследования ротовой жидкости у лиц старшего возраста с соматической патологией, наблюдение за которыми проводили на протяжении 1 мес. Оценивали кислотно-осно' вное состояние ротовой жидкости, определяли вязкость ротовой жидкости. По результатам исследования ротовой жидкости и ее коррекции средствами гигиены у лиц старшего возраста с соматическими заболеваниями отмечали динамику показателей кислотно-осно'вного состояния ротовой жидкости, его сдвиг в щелочную сторону и положительную динамику состояния вязкости ротовой жидкости. Для обеспечения снижения риска неблагоприятных воздействий при изменении состояния ротовой жидкости необходим совместный подход с участием всех медицинских работников, учитывающий детерминанты здоровья и обеспечивающий разработку эффективных методов профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у лиц старшего возраста. The results of the study of oral fluid in older persons with somatic pathology, which was followed for 1 month, are presented. The acid-base state of the oral fluid was evaluated, and the viscosity of the oral fluid was determined. According to the results of the study of oral fluid and its correction by means of hygiene in older persons with somatic diseases, the dynamics of the indicators of the acid-base state of the oral fluid, its shift to the alkaline side and the positive dynamics of the effect of the viscosity of the oral fluid were noted. To ensure that the risk of adverse effects from changes in the state of the oral fluid is reduced, a joint approach involving all health professionals is needed, taking into account the determinants of health and ensuring the development of effective methods for the prevention of dental diseases in older persons.

Evaluation of Different Bacterial Honey Isolates As Probiotics And Their Efficient Roles In Cholesterol Reduction

Continue to hypothesize that honey is a storehouse of beneficial bacteria and most of these isolates are levansucrase producers. Accordingly, ten bacterial strains were isolated from different honey sources. Four honey isolates that had the highest levansucrase production were identified by the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Achromobacter sp. (10A), Bacillus paralicheniformis (2M), Bacillus subtilis (9A), and Bacillus paranthracis (13M). The cytotoxicity of the selected isolates showed negative blood Hemolysis. Also, they are sensitive to the tested antibiotics (Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin, Ampicilin, Gentamicin and Benzathine benzaylpencillin.). All the isolates exhibited high stability on the alkaline side (pHs 9,11) and could tolerate severe acidic conditions (29-100%). The tested isolates recorded complete tolerance to both H2O2 and the bile salt (0.3 % Oxgall powder) after 24h incubation. The cell-free supernatant of the examined strains had antifungal activities against Candida albicans with varying degrees. Also, isolates 2M and 13M showed strong activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Isolate 10A showed the highest antioxidant activity (91.45%) followed by 2M (47.37%). All isolates produced cholesterol oxidase and lipase with different levels. Besides, the four isolates reduced LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to different significant values. The cholesterol-reducing ability varied not only for strains but also for the time of incubation. The previous results recommended these isolates be used safely in solving the LDL problem.

TREATMENT OF TEXTILEWASTEWATER USING MICROBES’ INOCULATED FREE-FLOATINGAQUATICPLANTSBASED WETLANDS

Textile wastewater is a big source of aquatic and environmental pollution. Currently, various physicochemical textile effluent treatments are practiced in the textile industry, but they have challenges with respect to cost, maintenance, labour management, chemicals usage and production of additional sludge. The present study was carried out to develop a less expensive, chemical- free, green and sustainable plant based floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) system augmented with bacteria to remedy the effluents from textile finishing unit. Two free-floating aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, were vegetated to develop FTWs system and its efficacy was studied with and without inoculating two plant growth-promoting and pollutant- degrading bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The worth of this system was analyzed by screening physicochemical parameters like potential hydrogen (pH), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of wastewater for hydraulic retention periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH of the treated wastewaters was changed from acidic to neutral/alkaline side while a significant reduction was found in all other physiochemical parameters as per set limits of industrial and municipal wastewater standards as specified by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pak istan and Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) program.

Investigation and mapping of the ecological-biochemical state of soils in the city of Bratsk

Presented are the isolines maps for the distribution of inhomogeneous values of acid-alkaline medium and biochemical activity levels of soils in the industrial city of Bratsk in the settings of Eastern Siberia. The maps were constructed from point measurements in the geoinformation environment by the IDW Nearest Neighbors method. The soil biochemical activity was analyzed by using the proximate method according to T. V. Aristovskaya and M. V. Chugunova. It is shown that the activity of urban soils varies from strong to moderate. The soils with high activity occupy 75,3 % of the total area of the city. The acid-alkaline conditions of soils are transformed considerably toward the alkaline side. On the hole, the alkaline and highly alkaline soils occupy 96% of the territory. A high level of soil biochemical activity has been revealed. This study deals with the transformation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds leading to a loss of biogenic nitrogen by the soil.

A Study of Zooplankton Community in Dukan Lake, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, with a New Record of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester (1880) Medusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

A study of Zooplankton community has been carried out at four selected sites on Dukan Lake. Samples of water and zooplankton were collected monthly for the period from July 2015 to February 2016. Some physical and chemical properties of water were studied and the results showed that the air temperature were ranged from 0 to 36.16 °C, water temperature ranged from 2.83 to 34.66 °C, hydrogen ion concentration of studied sites were found to lie in alkaline side, it was ranged between 6.87 to 8.57, electrical conductivity ranged from 190.79 to 850.08 µs.cm­¹, turbidity ranged from 0.9-7.7 NTU, and dissolved oxygen from 3.3 to 6.8 mg.l-¹ while BOD5 were ranged from 0.53 to 34.66 mg.l-¹. Concerning to the zooplankton, 37 species were identified which belonged to Cladocera (48.38%), Copepod (43.28%), Rotifera (8.23%), Targigrada (0.08%) and Cnidaria (0.1%). The medusa of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester (1880) was recorded for the first time in Iraq. Regarding to zooplankton community, rotifer were ranged between 0 to 690.91 ind.m-3, Copepoda from 54.55 to 5927.27 ind.m-3 and Cladocera ranged from 18.18 to 6072.73 ind.m-3. According to Shanon-Weiner index, species diversity for zooplankton invertebrates was ranged from 0.325 to 1.091 bits/ind. Jaccard’s similarity index showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site (1) and site (4) with 40.74%.

Вплив фармазину і тилоциклінвету на мікробіологічні, хімічні та мікроскопічні показники продуктів забою курчат-бройлерів

<p>The article deals with the influence of Farmazin® and Tilocyclinvet® on the microbiological, chemical and microscopic characteristics of slaughtering products of broiler chickens. We have been studied the histological changes in the internal organs of broiler chickens under the influence of antibacterial drugs usage. Use of Farmazin and Tilocyclinvet as the antibacterial drugs for broiler chickens did not affect the microflora in the studied samples of poultry meat. We also investigated the microbiological parameters such as mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, Escherichia coli bacteria, Proteus, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and proved that Farmazin is mostly accumulated in «white» muscle, while Tilocyclinvet – in “red” ones. Results of the chemical analysis shown that the pH of meat in the bird groups that were fed on Farmazin (experimental I), Tilocyclinvet (experimental II) and control groups ranged from 5.64 ± 0.04 to 6.30 ± 0.03. We performed some tests concerning fresh meat and copper sulfate, peroxidase, ammonia and ammonium salts and suggested that meat of broiler chickens from the experimental and control groups con be preserved when refrigerated for three days and it is considered to be fresh. However, on the day 4 of storage pH value of chicken meat in the experimental group increases in the alkaline side; the results of reaction with copper sulfate, ammonium salts, ammonia, and ammonium salts testified the questionable freshness of meat from the experimental group at the end of the withdrawal period. We founded that pH value of broiler chicken meat from experimental group after withdrawal period shifts into the alkaline side comparing to the beginning of withdrawal period. We also registered that pH value of broiler chicken meat from experimental groups shifts into the alkaline side compared to control. Based on histological studies we can say that pathological changes registered in the internal organs of broiler chickens when using Farmazin and Tilocyclinvet were similar to each other and indicated some specific processes. We founded granular and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, interstitial lymphocytic hepatitis, and fibrosis in the liver of broiler chickens; granular dystrophy of epithelial tubules, diffuse interstitial lymphocytic nephritis, and fibrosis – in kidneys; we also discovered swelling of intramuscular connective tissue and myocardial sclerosis in myocardium. The most obvious pathological changes were observed in broiler chickens, who were fed with Farmazin, somewhat less – in chickens who had got Tilocyclinvet at the beginning of the withdrawal period.</p>

The effect of wastewater disposal on the water quality and phytoplankton in Erbil wastewater channel.

In this study, phytoplankton density, chlorophyll-a, and selected physico- chemical parameters were investigated in Erbil wastewater channel. The surveys were carried out monthly from May 2003 to April 2004. Samplings were established on three sites from headwaters to the mouth. The results showed that pH was in alkaline side of neutrality, with significant differences (P

Effect of PAA-NH4 Dispersant on Dispersibility of Aqueous Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Slurries and Piezoelectric Properties of Resultant Sintered Bodies

The effect of poly ammonium acrylate (PAA-NH4) dispersant on the dispersibility of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) slurries and the piezoelectric properties of resultant PZT sintered bodies was investigated for the establishment of environmentally friendly aqueous processing. The dispersion state and viscosity of PAA-NH4-added PZT aqueous slurries strongly depended on the slurry pH. Well-dispersed PZT slurries with negligibly small Pb2+ dissolution were obtained in the alkaline side due to the electrostatic steric hindrance effect of adsorbed polyelectrolyte dispersant molecules with a high dissociation ratio of carboxylic acid groups. The homogeneous dense microstructure and the enhancement of the piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramic bodies were achieved by preparing the aqueous PZT slurry with an optimum amount of dispersant.