Cortisol and catecholamine responses to social context and a chemical alarm signal in juvenile lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Hare ◽  
Ahmed Waheed ◽  
James F. Hare ◽  
W. Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Group Living ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Skin Homogenate

We examined potential benefits of group living in juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and whether those benefits applied equally to associations with conspecific and allospecific individuals. In the first experiment, one focal lake sturgeon was placed with either seven size-matched conspecifics, allospecifics, or in isolation and given a 30 s air exposure. In the second experiment, one focal lake sturgeon was placed with either seven conspecifics or in isolation and was exposed to a conspecific skin homogenate as a potential alarm substance or a control of distilled water. Cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were measured before and after exposure in each experiment via an indwelling cannula in the caudal sinus. In the first experiment, lake sturgeon held with allospecifics and in isolation had a significantly longer norepinephrine response. Furthermore, plasma norepinephrine concentration in the focal lake sturgeon in the allospecific treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments following air exposure. In the second experiment, there was no behavioural or hormonal response to the introduction of conspecific skin homogenate, yet isolated fish had elevated baseline norepinephrine and cortisol levels. Finally, comparison of baseline levels of all three hormones between two ages of juveniles indicated an effect of age on baseline epinephrine levels. Our findings confirm the potential physiological benefit of group living in lake sturgeon and suggest an ontogenetic shift in both the behavioural response to potential stressors and the baseline hormonal levels that may influence fitness.

scholarly journals Response in Growth, Scute Development, and Whole-Body Ion Composition of Acipenser fulvescens Reared in Water of Differing Chemistries

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Janet Genz ◽  
Rachael Hicks
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yolk Absorption

In fishes, environmental ion availability can have substantial effects on growth and development. This study examined the development of Lake Sturgeon in response to the varying environmental ion availability that they experience as part of a conservation stocking program. We reared sturgeon in natural water from the Coosa River, which had higher concentrations of Mg2+, Na+, and Zn2+ than standard hatchery conditions, while [Ca2+] at the Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery was 2× higher than in the Coosa River. Eggs were hatched in each water type and the larvae were sampled at time points before and after yolk absorption during the first 8 weeks of development. Total length and weight in WSNFH larvae were significantly higher than larvae in Coosa River water starting at 8 dph, indicating that growth was dependent on the different environmental ion levels. Concentrations of the ions of interest were also determined for whole-body acid digests of the exposed Lake Sturgeon. We found that Lake Sturgeon reared in Coosa River water had significantly higher magnesium and zinc than Lake Sturgeon reared in WSNFH water (p < 0.05), while calcium was significantly higher in WSNFH than Coosa River water. This difference shows that different environmental ion concentrations also impact the overall development of larval Lake Sturgeon.

Endogenous β3-adrenoreceptor activation contributes to left ventricular and cardiomyocyte dysfunction in heart failure

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. H2425-H2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Morimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa ◽  
Heng-Jie Cheng ◽  
William C. Little ◽  
Che-Ping Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Endogenous Catecholamine ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Volume Relation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endogenous β3-adrenoreceptor (AR) activation contributes to left ventricular (LV) and cardiomyocyte dysfunction in heart failure (CHF). Stimulation of the β3-AR inhibits cardiac contraction. In the failing myocardium, β3-ARs are upregulated, suggesting that stimulation of β3-ARs may contribute to depressed cardiac performance in CHF. We assessed the functional significance of endogenous β3-AR activation in 10 conscious dogs before and after pacing-induced CHF. Under normal conditions, L-748,337, a specific β3-AR antagonist, produced a mild increase in LV contractile performance assessed by the slope ( Ees) of the LV pressure-volume relation (18%, 6.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.3 ± 1.2 mmHg/ml, P < 0.05) and the improved LV relaxation time constant (τ; 28.4 ± 1.9 vs. 26.8 ± 1.0 ms, P < 0.05). After CHF, the plasma norepinephrine concentration increased eightfold, and L-748,337 produced a larger increase in Ees (34%, 3.8 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.8 mmHg/ml, P < 0.05) and a greater decrease in τ (46.4 ± 4.2 vs. 41.0 ± 3.9 ms, P < 0.05). Similar responses were observed in isolated myocytes harvested from LV biopsies before and after CHF. In the normal myocyte, L-748,337 did not cause significant changes in contraction or relengthening. In contrast, in CHF myocytes, L-748,337 produced significant increases in contraction (5.8 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 0.9%, P < 0.05) and relengthening (33.5 ± 4.2 vs. 39.7 ± 4.0 μm/s, P < 0.05). The L-748,337-induced myocyte response was associated with improved intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulation. In CHF myocytes, nadolol caused a decrease in contraction and relengthening, and adding isoproterenol to nadolol caused a further depression of myocyte function. Stimulation of β3-AR by endogenous catecholamine contributes to the depression of LV contraction and relaxation in CHF.

scholarly journals Influence of a dynamic rearing environment on development of metabolic phenotypes in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwangseok R Yoon ◽  
David Deslauriers ◽  
W Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
River Temperature ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Environment–phenotype interactions are the most pronounced during early life stages and can strongly influence metabolism and ultimately ecological fitness. In the present study, we examined the effect of temperature [ambient river temperature (ART) vs ART+2°C], dissolved oxygen (DO; 100% vs 80%) and substrate (presence vs absence) on standard metabolic rate, forced maximum metabolic rate and metabolic scope with Fulton’s condition factor (K), energy density (ED) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, before and after a simulated overwintering event. We found that all the environmental variables strongly influenced survival, K, ED and CTmax. Fish reared in elevated temperature showed higher mortality and reduced K pre-winter at 127 days post-hatch (dph). Interestingly, we did not find any significant difference in terms of metabolic rate between treatments at both sampling points of pre- and post-winter. Long-term exposure to 80% DO reduced ED in Lake Sturgeon post-winter at 272 dph. Our data suggest that substrate should be removed at the onset of exogenous feeding to enhance the survival rate of age-0 Lake Sturgeon in the first year of life. Effects of early rearing environment during larval development on survival over winter are discussed with respect to successful recruitment of stock enhanced Lake Sturgeon, a species that is at risk throughout its natural range.

Is Decorin a Promising New Agent for Facial Nerve Regeneration? An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zehra Çınar ◽  
Ufuk Emre ◽  
Mehmet Gül ◽  
Özgür Yiğit ◽  
Elshan Mammadov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Axon Diameter ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Group B

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic administration of decorin (DC) on facial nerve (FN) regeneration. Methods: A total of 32 female albino Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (C) group: no bilateral FN neurorrhaphy (B-FNN), no DC application, sham-operated group: B-FNN without DC application, DC group: DC application without B-FNN, and B-FNN + DC group: B-FNN and DC application. Nerve conduction studies were performed before and after skin incisions at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th weeks in all groups. The amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potentials were recorded. FN samples were obtained and were investigated under light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The nerve and axon diameter, number of axons, H score, Schwann cell proliferation, and myelin and axonal degeneration were recorded quantitatively. Results: In the sham group, the 3rd and 5th postoperative week, amplitude values were significantly lower than those of the B-FNN + DC group (p < 0.05). Nerve diameters were found to be significantly larger in the sham, DC, and B-FNN + DC groups than in the C group (p < 0.05). The number of axons, the axon diameter, and the H scores were found to be significantly higher in the B-FNN + DC group than in the sham group (p < 0.05). The Schwann cell proliferation, myelin degeneration, and axonal degeneration scores were significantly lower in the B-FNN + DC group than in the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Electrophysiological and histopathological evaluation revealed the potential benefits provided by DC. This agent may increase FN regeneration.

Effect of chronic left ventricular failure on beta-endorphin

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2675-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mellow ◽  
E. Redei ◽  
K. Marzo ◽  
J. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Endogenous Opiates ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
C 30

Stimulation of endogenous opiate secretion worsens circulatory dysfunction in several forms of shock, in part by inhibiting sympathetic activity. To investigate whether endogenous opiates have a similar effect in chronic heart failure (HF), we measured beta-endorphin concentrations and hemodynamic responses to naloxone infusion (2 mg/kg bolus + 2 mg.kg-1 x h-1) in six control (C) dogs and eight dogs with low-output HF produced by 3 wk of rapid ventricular pacing. The dogs with HF exhibited reduced arterial blood pressure (C, 123 +/- 4 vs. HF, 85 +/- 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) and cardiac outputs (C, 179 +/- 14 vs. HF, 76 +/- 2 ml.min-1 x kg-1; P < 0.01) and elevated plasma norepinephrine concentrations (C, 99 +/- 12 vs. HF, 996 +/- 178 pg/ml; P < 0.01) but normal beta-endorphin concentrations (C, 30 +/- 11 vs. HF, 34 +/- 12 pg/ml; P = NS). Naloxone produced similar transitory increases in blood pressure (C, 14 +/- 5 vs. HF, 26 +/- 25%) and cardiac output (C, 37 +/- 13 vs. HF, 22 +/- 15%) in both groups (both P = NS). No significant changes in norepinephrine concentration or systemic vascular resistance were observed in either group. These findings suggest that beta-endorphin secretion does not exacerbate circulatory dysfunction in chronic heart failure.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

Environmental and lunar cues are predictive of the timing of river entry and spawning-site arrival in lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Forsythe ◽  
K. T. Scribner ◽  
J. A. Crossman ◽  
A. Ragavendran ◽  
E. A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Spawning Site

Microsatellite analyses across three diverse vertebrate transcriptomes (Acipenser fulvescens, Ambystoma tigrinum, and Dipodomys spectabilis)

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Doyle ◽  
Gregor Siegmund ◽  
Joseph D. Ruhl ◽  
Soo Hyung Eo ◽  
Matthew C. Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
Tiger Salamanders ◽  
Dipodomys Spectabilis ◽  
In Silico Polymorphism

Historically, many population genetics studies have utilized microsatellite markers sampled at random from the genome and presumed to be selectively neutral. Recent studies, however, have shown that microsatellites can occur in transcribed regions, where they are more likely to be under selection. In this study, we mined microsatellites from transcriptomes generated by 454-pyrosequencing for three vertebrate species: lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), and kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis). We evaluated (i) the occurrence of microsatellites across species; (ii) whether particular gene ontology terms were over-represented in genes that contained microsatellites; (iii) whether repeat motifs were located in untranslated regions or coding sequences of genes; and (iv) in silico polymorphism. Microsatellites were less common in tiger salamanders than in either lake sturgeon or kangaroo rats. Across libraries, trinucleotides were found more frequently than any other motif type, presumably because they do not cause frameshift mutations. By evaluating variation across reads assembled to a given contig, we were able to identify repeat motifs likely to be polymorphic. Our study represents one of the first comparative data sets on the distribution of vertebrate microsatellites within expressed genes. Our results reinforce the idea that microsatellites do not always occur in noncoding DNA, but commonly occur in expressed genes.

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