Sm–Nd isotopic geochemistry of Precambrian to Paleozoic granitoid suites and the deep-crustal structure of the southeast margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kerr ◽  
George A. Jenner ◽  
Brian J. Fryer

In the Eastern Central Mobile Belt of the Newfoundland Appalachians, late Precambrian basement inliers have εNd from −3 to +2, but Cambro-Ordovician metasedimentary rocks have initial εNd below −7. This region is inferred to have an "inverted" crustal residence structure, which influenced subsequent Appalachian-cycle magmatism. Ordovician and Silurian granitoid suites have εNd of −8 to −2, bracketing both basement and cover, but peraluminous, "S-type" granites have the lowest εNd. Devonian granites have initial εNd values from −5 to +1, and low εNd is associated with peraluminous character. These Paleozoic granites show geographic trends, with lowest εNd values in areas where metasedimentary rocks are abundant. They are suggested to contain anatectic material from both Precambrian basement and metasedimentary cover, but some "I-type" suites probably also include a mantle-derived component. In the adjacent Avalon Zone, Precambrian plutonic suites mostly have εNd from +1 to +6, but there are negative εNd values (−8 to −4) in the westernmost Avalon Zone. Devonian plutonic suites mostly have εNd from +2 to +5. Thus, the Precambrian crust of the Avalon Zone is largely "juvenile," except at its westernmost edge. Contrasts across the Eastern Central Mobile Belt–Avalon Zone boundary, defined by the Dover–Hermitage Bay fault system, indicate a major, crustal-scale structure, and suggest an isotopically distinct "central block" beneath the central Appalachian Orogen, rather than a simple extension of "Avalonian" crust. Similar geographic–isotopic patterns have been reported in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, suggesting that this pattern represents a first-order deep-crustal subdivision of the northern Appalachian Orogen.


1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bell ◽  
John Blenkinsop ◽  
D. F. Strong

Whole-rock Rb–Sr isochron ages from nine granitic plutons that intrude the Central Mobile Belt and the Avalon Zone of Newfoundland are consistent with the view that most of the magmatic activity for this segment of the Appalachian Orogen is related to the Acadian Orogeny. Most of the granites are between 400 Ma and 340 Ma old, although two from the Avalon Zone are significantly different. One, the foliated Swift Current granite, is late Cambrian – early Ordovician (500 ± 30 Ma), whereas the other, the peralkaline St. Lawrence granite, is Carboniferous (315 ± 5 Ma).Several foliated granites from the Gander Zone of the Central Mobile Belt, formerly considered to be older than Mid-Ordovician, are Silurian or Devonian in age. Five megacrystic biotite granites have ages ranging between 420 ± 20 Ma and 340 ± 10 Ma, and a leucocratic granite, the Middle Ridge Pluton, gives an age of 370 ± 15 Ma. None of the granites from the Gander Zone is older than 420 ± 20 Ma, and geochronological evidence for a Precambrian basement in the Central Mobile Belt has still to be found.The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios show no correlation with age, although the initial ratio of 0.722 for the St. Lawrence granite is much higher than the ratios of between 0.704 and 0.709 for the other granites; this high ratio is consistent with derivation of the granite by partial melting of the continental crust.The isotopic data impose certain constraints on models proposed for the evolution of Newfoundland, the most important being: (i) extensive Devonian magmatism; (ii) intense post-400 Ma cataclasis; (iii) generation of petrographically similar granites at different times; and (iv) Carboniferous magmatism.



1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hall ◽  
François Marillier ◽  
Sonya Dehler

Results of 6000 km of crustal seismic profiling are presented with gravity and aeromagnetic maps for the Appalachian orogen in eastern Canada. Wide-angle seismic surveys show that the central mobile belt of the orogen has a thinner crust than its margins. High-velocity lower crust, attributed to underplating, is found below the former Laurentian continental margin in Newfoundland and below the Magdalen basin. Potential field data are used to trace the surface zones of the orogen from the northeast Newfoundland shelf to Cape Breton, but extrapolation to New Brunswick and Quebec is unclear because of late Paleozoic basin development. The central mobile belt of the orogen is only a few tens of kilometres wide in southwest Newfoundland and Cape Breton, but broadens substantially to around 200 km elsewhere. Reflection images show a strong deep-crustal fabric that runs along the orogen, with a margin that crosses into the Avalon zone in southern Newfoundland but coincides with the Avalon-Gander zone boundary elsewhere. The fabric formed during mid-Silurian continental collision and (or) during postorogenic collapse. Variation in fabric pattern and metamorphic grade, tightening of structures towards southwest Newfoundland and Cape Breton, and voluminous plutonism in southern Newfoundland are all in accord with maximal crustal thickening followed by erosion and isostatic readjustment in southwest Newfoundland and Cape Breton, and relatively little in northeast Newfoundland and its adjacent shelf. Reflection fabrics in the upper crust appear to be detached from those in the deeper crust; this is attributed to rheological contrast across the base of a quartz-rich upper crust.



1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Tucker ◽  
S. J. O'Brien ◽  
B. H. O'Brien

In south Newfoundland, an extensive tract of metamorphosed Ordovician metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and granitoid rocks (Bay du Nord Group) lies north of a late Precambrian basement inlier of peri-Gondwanan affinity, separated from the latter by Silurian rocks. In the Bay du Nord Group type area, the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks were ductilely sheared and locally fault imbricated with metagabbro prior to emplacement of the Baggs Hill Granite, herein dated at 477.6 ± 1.8 Ma. Some of the volcano-sedimentary strata within this succession, however, contain foliated clasts of Baggs Hill Granite, and these strata must comprise a younger stratigraphic sequence which, in this area, is thrust northwestward over the older rocks.The pre-477.6 ± 1.8 Ma tectonic interleaving of the Dunnage Zone gabbro and stratified rocks is significantly earlier than the Llandovery (early Salinic) recumbent folding and thrusting of Middle Ordovician Exploits Subzone rocks in the east-central Hermitage Flexure. In both areas, the Dunnage Zone rocks were inhomogeneously thickened and tectonically telescoped north of a rigid block of late Precambrian peri-Gondwanan basement. The emplacement of the Baggs Hill Granite is coeval with intrusion of similar Ordovician granite into ophiolites obducted southeastward onto the Gondwanan margin during Arenigian (Penobscot) orogenesis.



2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stephen Hughes ◽  
James P. Hibbard ◽  
Jeffrey C. Pollock ◽  
David J. Lewis ◽  
Brent V. Miller

The Chopawamsic fault potentially represents the main Iapetan suture, previously unidentified in the southern extent of the Appalachian orogen.  The fault trends through the north-central portion of the western Piedmont of Virginia and separates the composite metaclastic Potomac terrane, commonly interpreted to be of Laurentian affinity, from the Chopawamsic terrane, the remains of a Middle Ordovician volcanic arc of uncertain crustal affinity.  To gain insight on the first-order orogenic significance of the Chopawamsic fault, we report the results of LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analyses of 1,289 detrital zircons from 13 metasedimentary rock samples collected from both sides of the fault.       The near exclusivity of Middle Ordovician zircon grains (ca. 470 – 460 Ma) in four sampled metasedimentary rocks of the Chopawamsic Formation likely represents the detrital recycling of syndepositional Chopawamsic volcanic rocks.  A subset of Cambrian and older grains hint at one or more additional, older sources.       Samples from the Potomac terrane include mostly Mesoproterozoic zircon grains and these results are consistent with previous interpretations that the metaclastic rocks are Laurentian-derived.  The youngest zircons (ca. 550 – 500 Ma) and the age of cross-cutting plutons indicate that at least some parts of the Potomac terrane are Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician.  The results imply temporally discrete and geographically isolated sedimentary systems during deposition of sedimentary rocks in the Chopawamsic and Potomac terranes.       Metasedimentary rocks near Storck, Virginia, previously identified as a successor basin, contain detrital zircon populations that indicate they are actually peri-Gondwanan derived metasedimentary rocks unrelated to a successor basin system; their geographic position between the Laurentian-derived Potomac terrane and the Chopawamsic terrane suggests a peri-Gondwanan affinity for the Chopawamsic arc and geographic separation of the Chopawamsic and Potomac terranes in the Middle Ordovician. Consequently, we tentatively support the hypothesis that the Chopawamsic fault system represents the main Iapetan suture in the southern Appalachian orogen.      Most detrital zircons from samples of the Arvonia successor basin crystallized in the Ordovician—Silurian or Mesoproterozoic.  These data suggest that the Arvonia basin was deposited in the latest Ordovician to Early Silurian only after the Late Ordovician accretion of the Chopawamsic arc to Laurentia.  SOMMAIRELa faille de Chopawamsic représente peut-être la principale suture japétienne, non-reconnue dans prolongement sud de l’orogène des Appalaches.  La faille traverse la portion nord du centre du piedmont ouest de Virginie et sépare le terrane métaclastique de Potomac, d’affinité laurentienne pensait-on, du terrane de Chopawamsic, vestige d’un arc volcanique de l’Ordovicien moyen d’affinité crustale incertain.  Afin de mettre en lumière la signification orogénique première de la faille de Chopawamsic, nous présentons les résultats d’analyses U-Pb par ICP–MS par AL sur 1 289 zircons détritiques provenant de 13 échantillons de roches métasédimentaires prélevés de chaque côté de la faille.     L’existence quasi-exclusive de grains de zircon de l’Ordovicien moyen (env. 470 – 460 Ma) dans quatre roches métasédimentaires de la Formation de Chopawamsic représente vraisemblablement le recyclage détritique des roches volcaniques synsédimentaires de Chopawamsic.  Un sous-ensemble de grains cambriens et plus anciens, évoque l’existence d’une ou plusieurs sources plus anciennes additionnelles.     Les échantillons du terrane de Potomac renferment principalement des grains de zircon du Mésoprotérozoïque, ce qui correspond avec les interprétations antérieures voulant que les roches métaclastiques soient d’origine laurentienne.  Les zircons les plus jeunes (env. 550 – 500 Ma) ainsi que l’âge des plutons qui recoupe l’encaissant indiquent qu’au moins certaines parties du terrane de Potomac sont de la fin du Cambrien ou du début de l’Ordovicien.  Les résultats impliquent l’existence de systèmes sédimentaires distincts au cours du temps, et isolés géographiquement durant le dépôt des roches sédimentaires dans les terranes de Chopawamsic et de Potomac.     Les roches métasédimentaires près de Storck en Virginie, jadis interprétées comme bassin successeur, renferment des populations de zircons détritiques qui indiquent qu’ils proviennent en fait de roches métasédimentaires péri-gondwaniennes sans rapport avec un système de bassin successeur; leur localisation géographique entre le terrane de Potomac issu des Laurentides et le terrane de Chopawamsic porte à penser que l’arc de Chopawamsic est d’affinité péri-gondwanienne, et que les terranes de Chopawamsic et de Potomac à l’Ordovicien moyen étaient séparés géographiquement.   En conséquence il nous semble justifié de proposer que le système de faille de Chopawamsic représente la principale suture japétienne dans le sud de l’orogène des Appalaches.     La plupart des zircons détritiques des échantillons du bassin successeur d’Arvonia ont cristallisés entre l’Ordovicien et le Silurien ou au Mésoprotérozoïque.  Ces données suggèrent que le bassin d’Arvonia s’est rempli de la fin entre l’Ordovicien et le début du Silurien, seulement après l’accrétion de l’arc de Chopawamsic à la Laurentie, à la fin de l’Ordovicien.



1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turek ◽  
R. N. Robinson

Precambrian basement in the Windsor–Chatham–Sarnia area is covered by Paleozoic rocks that are up to 1300 m thick. The basement surface is characterized by a northeast–southwest arch system with a relief of about 350 m. Extensive oil and gas drilling has penetrated and sampled this basement, and an examination of core and chip samples from 133 holes and an assessment of the magnetic anomaly map of the area have been used to produce a lithologic map of the Precambrian basement. The predominant rocks are granite gneisses and syenite gneisses but also significant are gabbros, granodiorite gneisses, and metasedimentary rocks. The average foliation dips 50° and is inferred to have a northeasterly trend. The Precambrian basement has been regarded as part of the Grenville Province. An apparent Rb–Sr whole rock isochron, for predominantly meta-igneous rocks, yields an age of 1560 ± 140 Ma. This we interpret as pre-Grenvillian, surviving the later imprint of the Grenvillian Orogeny. Points excluded from the isochron register ages of 1830, 915, and 670 Ma, and can be interpreted as geologically meaningful.



1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper G. Henriksen ◽  
P. S. Thiagarajan

A simple extension of the propositional temporal logic of linear<br />time is proposed. The extension consists of strengthening the until<br />operator by indexing it with the regular programs of propositional<br />dynamic logic (PDL). It is shown that DLTL, the resulting logic, is<br />expressively equivalent to S1S, the monadic second-order theory<br />of omega-sequences. In fact a sublogic of DLTL which corresponds<br />to propositional dynamic logic with a linear time semantics is<br />already as expressive as S1S. We pin down in an obvious manner<br />the sublogic of DLTL which correponds to the first order fragment<br />of S1S. We show that DLTL has an exponential time decision<br />procedure. We also obtain an axiomatization of DLTL. Finally,<br />we point to some natural extensions of the approach presented<br />here for bringing together propositional dynamic and temporal<br />logics in a linear time setting.



1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Williams

The Appalachian Orogen is divided into five broad zones based on stratigraphic and structural contrasts between Cambrian–Ordovician and older rocks. From west to east, these are the Humber, Dunnage, Gander, Avalon, and Meguma Zones.The westerly three zones fit present models for the development of the orogen through the generation and destruction of a late Precambrian – Early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Thus, the Humber Zone records the development and destruction on an Atlantic-type continental margin, i.e., the ancient continental margin of Eastern North America that lay to the west of Iapetus; the Dunnage Zone represents vestiges of Iapetus with island arc sequences and mélanges built upon oceanic crust; and the Gander Zone records the development and destruction of a continental margin, at least in places of Andean type, that lay to the east of Iapetus.The Precambrian development of the Avalon Zone relates either to rifting and the initiation of Iapetus or to subduction and a cycle that preceded the opening of Iapetus. During the Cambrian Period, the Avalon Zone was a stable platform or marine shelf.Cambrian–Ordovician rocks of the Meguma Zone represent either a remnant of the continental embankment of ancient Northwest Africa or the marine fill of a graben developed within the Avalon Zone.Silurian and younger rocks of the Appalachian Orogen are mixed marine and terrestrial deposits that are unrelated to the earlier Paleozoic zonation of the system. Silurian and later development of the orogen is viewed as the history of deposition and deformation in successor basins that formed across the already destroyed margins and oceanic tract of Iapetus.



1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rast ◽  
K. L. Currie

The Variscan front is marked by a zone of cataclasis that generally follows an older and larger mylonite zone, but locally cuts across relatively undeformed Precambrian rocks. The older mylonite zone probably developed in Late Precambrian (Avalonian) time. Correlative Precambrian rocks extend across both the Variscan front, and the Bellisle fault to the northwest.



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