Futuro pasado. la evolución del concepto Poesía en Octavio Paz

Future Past. The Evolution of the Concept of Poetry in Octavio Paz. Octavio Paz (1914) is a poet writing in Spanish whose aesthetic ideas have built a vision of relevant poetry for at least three traditions: poetry in French, English and, of course, Spanish. This study will analyze, from the metalinguistic perspective proposed by Reinhart Koselleck, how the concept of “poetry” evolved in the thought of the Mexican Nobel Prize winner. Framed by his tradition, by his space of experience, Octavio Paz wrote works that have been instrumental in understanding and valuing poetry in the twentieth century. From “Poesía de soledad y poesía de communion” (1943) to La otra voz, Poesía y fin de siglo (1990), Paz synthesized the aesthetic ideas of his time in El arco y la lira (1956), rethought the lyrical exercise in “Los signos de rotación” (1956), modified his poetic in the prologue to Poesía en movimiento and made his position explicit in Los hijos del limo and his thoughts on Lévi-Strauss and Marcel Duchamp. By focusing on these texts, as well as on a corpus of conferences, interviews, correspondence and even poetry recitals, this study explores the evolution of poetic thought and the horizon of expectations that the work of the last Spanish-speaking poet who received the Nobel Prize opens for us. Keywords: Octavio Paz, style, poetics, post-utopian time, semantics of concepts

Timed protocol analysis of interconnected mobile IoT devices

With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), application developers can rely on a variety of protocols and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to support data exchange between IoT devices. However, this may result in highly heterogeneous IoT interactions in terms of both functional and non-functional semantics. To map between heterogeneous functional semantics, middleware connectors can be utilized to interconnect IoT devices via bridging mechanisms. In this paper, we make use of the Data eXchange (DeX) connector model that enables interoperability among heterogeneous IoT devices. DeX interactions, including synchronous, asynchronous and streaming, rely on generic post and get primitives to represent IoT device behaviors with varying space/time coupling. Nevertheless, non-functional time semantics of IoT interactions such as data availability/validity, intermittent connectivity and application processing time, can severely affect response times and success rates of DeX interactions. We introduce timing parameters for time semantics to enhance the DeX API. The new DeX API enables the mapping of both functional and time semantics of DeX interactions. By precisely studying these timing parameters using timed automata models, we verify conditions for successful interactions with DeX connectors. Furthermore, we statistically analyze through simulations the effect of varying timing parameters to ensure higher probabilities of successful interactions. Simulation experiments are compared with experiments run on the DeX Mediators (DeXM) framework to evaluate the accuracy of the results. This work can provide application developers with precise design time information when setting these timing parameters in order to ensure accurate runtime behavior.

Debatte: Medienwissenschaft ohne Medien | Medienwissenschaft ohne Medien? vs. Postmedial

Der Beitrag von Claus Pias geht von zwei Beobachtungen aus: einem Zurücktreten des Medienbegriffs innerhalb medienwissenschaftlicher Forschung und eines Desinteresses sogenannter ›Digitalisierung‹ ihr gegenüber. Er untersucht, inwiefern Medientheorie (von McLuhan und Kittler bis zu den sogenannten Digital Humanities) durch einen starken Medienbegriff an der Herausbildung von Zeitsemantiken und Narrativen von ›Digitalisierung‹ beteiligt war und von ihnen profitiert hat. Als Konsequenz fordert Pias zu medienwissenschaftlicher Grundlagenforschung auf, die mit einer strategischen Revision und Aktualisierung von ›Medien‹ als Begriff und Gegenstand einhergeht. Der Beitrag von Kathrin Peters stimmt mit dieser Lagebeschreibung nur teilweise überein. Die Skepsis gegenüber den Zukunfts- und Dringlichkeitsrhetoriken gegenwärtiger Digitalisierungsoffensiven wird von ihr geteilt, dass allerdings vor allem eine Medienwissenschaft des ›medientechnischen a priori‹ eine Antwort auf den gegenwarts- und an- wendungsfixierten Digitalisierungsdiskurs liefern könnte, erscheint Peters als zu kurz gegriffen. Andere medienwissenschaftliche Ausrichtungen sind dazu ebenso in der Lage: medienwissenschaftliche Analysen zu Kolonialität und Postkolonialität, feministische, gen- der- und queertheoretische Fragestellungen, eine medienwissenschaftlich informiert Wissenschaftsforschung und Affekttheorie – um nur einige zu nennen. Es geht um Konzepte von Medienwissenschaft als Fragestellung, die ihre Gegenstände in den verschiedensten Bereichen hervorbringen, dabei aber zugleich als Mittel und Mittler immer wieder unsichtbar werden. Debate: Media Studies without Media Claus Pias’ article starts out from two points of observation: a recession of the term media within the field of media studies and a dis- interest of the so-called digitalization in this particular term. Pias examines the impact media theory (ranging from McLuhan and Kittler to the so-called Digital Humanities) had on the development of time semantics and the narratives of ›digitalization‹ due to the use of a strong media term, and how media theory profited from it. mAs a result, Pias calls for establishing basis research in media studies, going hand in hand with a strategic revision and update of media, as a term as well as a subject. In her article, Kathrin Peters only partially agrees with this evaluation. She shares the scepticism concerning future-rhetoric as well as priority-rhetoric, both featuring heavily in current digital offensives; however, in her opinion it is not enough to hope for answers on today’s digitalization-discourse from media studies hailing the media-technical a priori. There are other approaches in media studies which are able to offer these answers: analysis of colonialism and post-colonialism, feministic, gender- and queer-theoretical questions, a media-informed science of knowledge and affect theory, just to name a few of them. It is all about concepts of media science being perceived as problems which bring forth their own subjects in various areas of research, yet as a tool as well as an intermediary, they are frequently overlooked.

Representation of the Lexical and Semantic Field “Time” in the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects on the Territory of the Republic of Mordovia”

The article deals with the specifics of the national language world picture of the Republic of Mordovia. On the basis of the lexicographic data analysis the authors note a set of language units that represent the lexical and semantic field "Time" and define its structural and semantic peculiarities. The paper shows that lexemes with time semantics are a segment of the regional dictionary. In accordance with the results of the field complex analysis, this dialectal unity of words is characterized by various meanings of time. The authors prove that the nouns nominate different intervals of time (nominations connected with religious views of rural inhabitants as well as ritual traditions are frequent). The adjectives characterize a thing or an event qualifying them depending on their relation to any time scheme. The verbs point to the actions connected with eating meals at the definite time intervals. The adverbs represent two main meanings – definite or indefinite time. The nominations of time intervals that are referred to the past demonstrate a high level of variability. The authors conclude that the lexical and semantic field "Time" demonstrates a complex lexical and semantic unity with the units that are linked into a system by basic paradigmatic relations (polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, homonymy).

Construction Grammar: Basic Principles and Concepts

The article provides an overview of Construction Grammar. First, a general survey of the basic principles and major strands of the grammatical theory is given. The main assumptions include the recognition that all linguistic knowledge is of the same type as knowledge in general and follows the same principles such as categorization, abstraction and generalization. In the second part, the presentation focuses on two important elements of construction grammar research: the concept of the construction as complex sign and the abandoning of the distinction between lexicon and grammar. Using examples from Ukrainian, the different relationships between constructions of different complexity and schematicity in the so-called constructicon – the common space of both lexical and grammatical knowledge – are described. It is shown, how abstract constructions offer slots for other elements and how these are constrained regarding form and meaning. In addition, the status of constructions as complex signs is assessed from the perspective of semantics and compositionality. It is highlighted that Construction Grammar rejects the assumption of compositionality and rather conceptualizes meaning as determined by the construction itself. At the same time, semantics is understood in an encyclopaedic sense, which renders the description of constructions highly detailed and language-specific.

Tafsir Atas Teks Alkitab dalam Kaitannya dengan Toleransi Antarumat Beragama

Semansitcs is the study of meaning communicated through language. In the past time semantics was the study of meaning of words and sentences. Aboves sentence level which is known as text was never considered as linguistic semantics’ objek of study. Semantics which is a branch of structural linguistics only focused it’s attention on phones, morphemes, words, clauses, and sentences: substansive matters of language. Texts belong to speech or language system in use. The study of meaning in this area is called pragmatics or discourse analysis.Up to this time linguistics or semantics has been used as an instrument in interpreting the Holy Texts of many religions. In that period the Holy Texts interpretation activity was limited only on lexical and grammatical meaning. Today people are aware, that based on the theory of discourse analysis, texts should be considered as parts of discourse. To get the meaning of the texts significantly people must find the context, but this is the problems, that reconstructing the context of the text in its’origin is a never ending works. Since Holy Text interpretation is a kind of activity closed to mission of imposible, this should teaches us to be low hearted and tolerant to others

THE MYTHOLOGICAL SEMANTICS OF OSSETIAN TABLE FYNG / FINGÆ

Методология выявления мифологических семантем в их древнейшей версии предписывает очистить их от более поздних временных наслоений. Таким наслоениям поздних мотивировок подверглась и мифологическая семантика традиционного осетинского трехногого низкого столика - фынг. Трехногий фынг, тесно связанный с религиозно-мифологическими воззрениями осетин о мироздании, был широко распространен в народном быту до начала XX в. Сакральность фынга была перенесена на заменивший его четырехногий большой прямоугольный / квадратный стол. Со временем семантика трех ножек фынга стала переосмысливаться и постепенно оказалась сведена к утилитарным функциям, согласно которым трехногость обеспечивала столику наибольшую устойчивость. Однако нельзя отделять форму фынга от ритуально-престижных трапез. Семиотический анализ фынга моделирует его место в религиозно-мифологической картине мира осетин. Трехногий стол / фынг имел разные формы - круглую, треугольную, овальную, и все они символизируют Модель мира. Формы трехногого фынга тождественны традиционным ритуальным осетинским пирогам, имеющим также круглую, треугольную и овальную формы. С помощью ритуальной трапезы за трехногим столиком осуществлялось своеобразное моделирование творения мира. The methodology for identifying mythological semantemes in their ancient version requires peeling off the layers brought about over time. Mythological semantics of the traditional Ossetian three-legged low table - fyng - was also subjected to such layering of later motivations. Three-legged fyng, closely associated with Ossetian's religious and mythological views on the universe, was widespread in the people's life till the beginning of the XX century. Sacredness of fyng was endowed to four-legged big rectangular / square table which replaced it. In the course of time semantics of three legs of fyng was reconsidered and, eventually, was reduced to the utilitarian functions, according to which the three-legged design of fyng provided it the greatest stability. However, the form of fyng cannot be separated from prestigious ritual meals. The semiotic analysis of fyng simulates its place in the religious and mythological picture of the World of Ossetians. Three-legged table f yng had different shapes - round, triangular, oval, and they all represent the Model of the World. Forms of three-legged fyng are identical to the traditional ritual Ossetian pies, also having a circular, triangular and oval shape. Peculiar modeling of the world creation was carried with the help of a ritual meal at the three-legged table.