Effects of acclimation to brackish water on the growth, respiratory metabolism, and swimming performance of young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McKenzie ◽  
E Cataldi ◽  
P Romano ◽  
S F Owen ◽  
E W Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Specific growth rates, exercise respirometry, and swimming performance were compared in young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) maintained in freshwater (FW) or acclimated to brackish water (BW) that was slightly hypertonic to sturgeon plasma, at a salinity of 11 g·L–1. Specific growth rate was significantly (17%) lower in BW than in FW. Sturgeon in BW also had a significantly (30%) higher standard metabolic rate than those in FW. In both groups, the relationship between swimming speed and oxygen uptake was described equally well by a linear or exponential equation, with a power relationship between swimming speed and net cost of locomotion and a linear relationship between tailbeat frequency and swimming speed. However, sturgeon in BW exhibited higher mean total oxygen uptake, net costs, and tailbeat frequencies than the FW group at any given swimming speed. There were, however, no differences in aerobic scope or maximum sustainable swimming speed between the FW and BW groups because the BW group exhibited a compensatory increase in active metabolic rate and maximum tailbeat frequency. The results indicate that FW is a more suitable environment than mildly hypertonic BW for young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon.

Effects of acclimation to brackish water on tolerance of salinity challenge by young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McKenzie ◽  
E Cataldi ◽  
P Romano ◽  
E W Taylor ◽  
S Cataudella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Salinity Challenge ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The effects of a 24-h salinity challenge in water at 28 g·L–1 on plasma osmotic and ion homeostasis, swimming performance, and exercise respirometry were compared in young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) maintained in freshwater (FW) or acclimated to brackish water (BW) that was slightly hypertonic to sturgeon plasma at a salinity of 11 g·L–1. Salinity challenge caused a significant increase in plasma osmolality and Na+ and Cl– concentrations in both groups, but this was significantly less severe in the group acclimated to the BW as compared with FW. Salinity challenge elicited a significant and profound decline in maximum sustainable swimming speed (Ucrit) in sturgeon from FW, whereas there was no significant effect on Ucrit in the sturgeon acclimated to BW. A negative linear relationship was revealed between plasma osmolality, Na+ or Cl– concentrations, and Ucrit. These variables appeared to influence Ucrit by increasing costs for locomotion while reducing the sturgeon's capacity for oxygen uptake and muscular work. The results indicate that prior acclimation to mildly hypertonic BW promoted osmoregulatory adaptations that improved the ability of the sturgeon to perform exercise following further increases in water salinity.

scholarly journals Body size and temperature effects on standard metabolic rate for determining metabolic scope for activity of the polychaete Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lopes Galasso ◽  
Marion Richard ◽  
Sébastien Lefebvre ◽  
Catherine Aliaume ◽  
Myriam D. Callier
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Scope ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

Considering the ecological importance and potential value of Hediste diversicolor, a better understanding of its metabolic rate and potential growth rates is required. The aims of this study are: (i) to describe key biometric relationships; (ii) to test the effects of temperature and body size on standard metabolic rate (as measure by oxygen consumption) to determine critical parameters, namely Arrhenius temperature (TA), allometric coefficient (b) and reaction rate; and (iii) to determine the metabolic scope for activity (MSA) of H. diversicolor for further comparison with published specific growth rates. Individuals were collected in a Mediterranean lagoon (France). After 10 days of acclimatization, 7 days at a fixed temperature and 24 h of fasting, resting oxygen consumption rates (VO2) were individually measured in the dark at four different temperatures (11, 17, 22 and 27 °C) in worms weighing from 4 to 94 mgDW (n = 27 per temperature). Results showed that DW and L3 were the most accurate measurements of weight and length, respectively, among all the metrics tested. Conversion of WW (mg), DW (mg) and L3 (mm) were quantified with the following equations: DW = 0.15 × WW, L3 = 0.025 × TL(mm) + 1.44 and DW = 0.8 × L33.68. Using an equation based on temperature and allometric effects, the allometric coefficient (b) was estimated at 0.8 for DW and at 2.83 for L3. The reaction rate (VO2) equaled to 12.33 µmol gDW−1 h−1 and 0.05 µmol mm L3−1 h−1 at the reference temperature (20 °C, 293.15 K). Arrhenius temperature (TA) was 5,707 and 5,664 K (for DW and L3, respectively). Metabolic scope for activity ranged from 120.1 to 627.6 J gDW−1 d−1. Predicted maximum growth rate increased with temperature, with expected values of 7–10% in the range of 15–20 °C. MSA was then used to evaluate specific growth rates (SGR) in several experiments. This paper may be used as a reference and could have interesting applications in the fields of aquaculture, ecology and biogeochemical processes.

Influence of Temperature and Current Speed on the Swimming Capacity of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Swimming Endurance

We tested the influence of temperature and water velocity on metabolic rate and swimming performance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii) using respirometry techniques. Tests were conducted at 5, 12, and 17 °C (speed range 20–102 cm∙s−1) for fake whitefish and at 12 °C (speed range 20–63 cm∙s−1) for cisco. Fish lengths ranged from 10 to 39 cm (TL). The net aerobic cost of swimming, obtained by subtracting standard from total oxygen consumption, was twice as high for cisco as that for lake whitefish at any swimming speed. However, the standard metabolic rate of lake whitefish was almost the double that of cisco acclimated to the same temperature. Values of metabolic scope for activity coupled with the net cost of swimming showed that coregonines were not good performers compared with most salmonids. The active metabolic rate, scope for activity, and critical swimming speed for lake whitefish were maximal at 12 °C and minimal at 5 °C. Swimming endurance of lake whitefish decreased logarithmically with swimming speed and was reduced at low temperature, the distance traversed at any given swimming speed being minimal at 5 °C. Our results support the hypothesis that the combined effect of high water velocities and low ambient temperature on coregonines' metabolism and swimming performance may be a more important factor than specific spawning temperature in the timing of the early reproductive migration of anadromous coregonines in the Eastmain River, James Bay.

The relationship between specific growth rate and swimming performance in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kolok ◽  
James T. Oris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the specific growth rate of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was positively correlated with swimming performance. Subadult fish were allowed to grow into adults over a period of 31 – 55 days, after which the critical swimming speed of each fish was determined. Variation in critical swimming speed was substantial (greater than 50%), and a significant positive correlation was found between number of growing days and critical swimming speed, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between specific growth rate and critical swimming speed. A multiple regression using specific growth rate and number of growing days explained over 47% of the variation in swimming performance. Fathead minnows that grow fast are poor swimmers, suggesting a trade-off between swimming performance and specific growth rate in this species.

Effects of sublethal ammonia exposure on swimming performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (15) ◽  
pp. 2691-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shingles ◽  
D. J. McKenzie ◽  
E. W. Taylor ◽  
A. Moretti ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Plasma Ammonia ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Exposure

SUMMARYAdult trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fitted with a dorsal aortic catheter were exposed to 288±15μmoll−1 (mean ± s.e.m.) total ammonia for 24h in water at a pH of 8.39±0.02, while swimming at a speed equivalent to 0.75bodylengthss−1 (BLs−1) in a Brett-type tunnel respirometer. The fish were then exposed to stepwise increments in swimming speed (0.25BLs−1 every 30min) until exhaustion. Measurements of oxygen uptake (MO2) and plasma total ammonia levels and pH were made at each speed. Control trout were treated identically but without exposure to ammonia. Ammonia exposure caused an increase in plasma total ammonia level to 436±34μmoll−1, compared to 183±30μmoll−1in control animals (N=6). A significant reduction in total plasma ammonia level was found in both groups during exercise, despite a large negative concentration gradient in those exposed to an elevated concentration of ammonia in water, which may indicate an active excretory process. The overall increase in plasma ammonia levels in exposed trout was associated with a significant reduction in critical swimming speed (Ucrit) to 1.61±0.17BLs−1 from 2.23±0.15BLs−1 in control animals. Ammonia-exposed trout had a significantly higher maintenance metabolic rate (MMR) than control fish, when estimated as the y-intercept of the relationship between swimming speed and MO2. Active metabolic rate (AMR, maximum MO2 as measured at Ucrit) was significantly lower in ammonia-exposed animals, leading to a profound reduction in factorial aerobic scope (AMR/MMR). Reduced Ucrit was also linked to a reduction in maximum tailbeat frequency. Calculation of membrane potentials (EM) in the white muscle of fish swum to Ucrit revealed a significant partial depolarisation of white muscle in ammonia-exposed fish. This may have prevented white muscle recruitment and contributed to the reduced maximum tailbeat frequency and overall impairment of swimming performance in the ammonia-exposed fish.

Oscillating conditions for influencing the composition of mixed biological cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne R. Horntvedt ◽  
Morten Rambekk ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Concentration Levels

This paper presents a strategy in which mixed biological cultures are exposed to oscillating concentration levels, to improve the potential for coexistence of desired bacterial species. A mechanistic mathematical model is constructed to investigate and illustrate this strategy. This paper is focused on competition between nitrifying, denitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in a CSTR with sludge recycle. For nitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic cultures, the effect of sinusoidal oscillations in DO levels with an amplitude of 1.0 mg/l is a 16% specific growth rate reduction compared to that at a constant DO level. The denitrifiers growth rate is increased by an average of 59%, compared to the constant DO level situation. A similar strategy has been tested in a pilot plant. It is concluded that the influence on specific growth rates is a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. The effects are greatest when concentrations fluctuate around the half saturation concentration of the rate limiting component(s).

Effects of turbidity on prey consumption and growth in brook trout and implications for bioenergetics modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Sweka ◽  
Kyle J Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were held in an artificial stream to observe the influence of turbidity on mean daily consumption and specific growth rates. Treatment turbidity levels ranged from clear (<3.0 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)) to very turbid water (> 40 NTU). Observed mean daily specific consumption rates were standardized to the mean weight of all brook trout tested. Turbidity had no significant effect on mean daily consumption, but specific growth rates decreased significantly as turbidity increased. Brook trout in turbid water became more active and switched foraging strategies from drift feeding to active searching. This switch was energetically costly and resulted in lower specific growth rates in turbid water as compared with clear water. Bioenergetics simulations were run to compare observed growth with that predicted by the model. Observed growth values fell below those predicted by the model and the difference increased as turbidity increased. Abiotic factors, such as turbidity, which bring about changes in the activity rates of fish, can have implications for the accuracy of predicted growth by bioenergetics models.

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