Effects of salinity on swimming performance, routine activity and standard metabolic rate on the euryhaline killifish, Aphanius Dispar

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plaut Itai
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Routine Activity

Interactive effects of salinity on metabolic rate, activity, growth and osmoregulation in the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (24) ◽  
pp. 3355-3366
Author(s):  
C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salinity Adaptation ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Wide Range

The euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos) is an excellent subject for studies of the physiological and behavioral processes involved in salinity adaptation. In this study, energy partitioning for metabolism, activity and growth, maximal activity performance and blood osmotic concentrations were assessed at two activity levels in juvenile milkfish fed equal rations and maintained at a relatively constant temperature (262 C) and at salinities(15, 35 and 55 ?) that represented a wide range of osmoregulatory challenges. Changes in the measured parameters were not consistently related to the magnitude of the trans-integumentary osmotic gradients. Routine oxygen consumption rates were high in 35 ? salinity (mean 1 s.e.m. 1678 mg O2 kg-1 h-1) and comparably low in 15 and 55 ? salinity (1336 and 1273 mg O2 kg-1 h-1, respectively). Routine activity levels (relative swimming velocity) were highest in 35 ? salinity (0. 960.04 L s-1), where L is standard length, intermediate in 15 ? salinity (0.770.03 L s-1) and lowest in 55 ? salinity (0.670.03 L s-1). Growth was significantly higher in 55 ? salinity (3.40.2 % increase in wet body mass per day) than in 35 ?salinity (2.40.2 % increase per day) and intermediate in 15 ? salinity(2.90.5 % increase per day). Maximum swimming velocities decreased with increases in salinity, from 9.90.7 L s-1 in 15 ? salinity to 6.60. 5 L s-1 in 55 ? salinity. Sustained swimming activity above routine levels for 2 h resulted in an increase in blood osmotic concentrations in milkfish in 55 ?salinity, but osmoregulation was re-established during the second 2 h of activity. Thus, patterns of variation in metabolic rate and growth were largely parallel to variations in routine activity although, comparing 15 and 55 ? salinity, elevated maintenance costs for osmoregulation at the high salinity were detectable. Reduced osmoregulatory abilities and reductions in maximal swimming performance suggest that high salinity may constrain activity. The results demonstrate that investigations of salinity adaptation in euryhaline fishes should take into account the interactive effects of salinity on physiology and behavior.

Effects of acclimation to brackish water on the growth, respiratory metabolism, and swimming performance of young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McKenzie ◽  
E Cataldi ◽  
P Romano ◽  
S F Owen ◽  
E W Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Specific growth rates, exercise respirometry, and swimming performance were compared in young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) maintained in freshwater (FW) or acclimated to brackish water (BW) that was slightly hypertonic to sturgeon plasma, at a salinity of 11 g·L–1. Specific growth rate was significantly (17%) lower in BW than in FW. Sturgeon in BW also had a significantly (30%) higher standard metabolic rate than those in FW. In both groups, the relationship between swimming speed and oxygen uptake was described equally well by a linear or exponential equation, with a power relationship between swimming speed and net cost of locomotion and a linear relationship between tailbeat frequency and swimming speed. However, sturgeon in BW exhibited higher mean total oxygen uptake, net costs, and tailbeat frequencies than the FW group at any given swimming speed. There were, however, no differences in aerobic scope or maximum sustainable swimming speed between the FW and BW groups because the BW group exhibited a compensatory increase in active metabolic rate and maximum tailbeat frequency. The results indicate that FW is a more suitable environment than mildly hypertonic BW for young-of-the-year Adriatic sturgeon.

Influence of Temperature and Current Speed on the Swimming Capacity of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Swimming Endurance

We tested the influence of temperature and water velocity on metabolic rate and swimming performance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedii) using respirometry techniques. Tests were conducted at 5, 12, and 17 °C (speed range 20–102 cm∙s−1) for fake whitefish and at 12 °C (speed range 20–63 cm∙s−1) for cisco. Fish lengths ranged from 10 to 39 cm (TL). The net aerobic cost of swimming, obtained by subtracting standard from total oxygen consumption, was twice as high for cisco as that for lake whitefish at any swimming speed. However, the standard metabolic rate of lake whitefish was almost the double that of cisco acclimated to the same temperature. Values of metabolic scope for activity coupled with the net cost of swimming showed that coregonines were not good performers compared with most salmonids. The active metabolic rate, scope for activity, and critical swimming speed for lake whitefish were maximal at 12 °C and minimal at 5 °C. Swimming endurance of lake whitefish decreased logarithmically with swimming speed and was reduced at low temperature, the distance traversed at any given swimming speed being minimal at 5 °C. Our results support the hypothesis that the combined effect of high water velocities and low ambient temperature on coregonines' metabolism and swimming performance may be a more important factor than specific spawning temperature in the timing of the early reproductive migration of anadromous coregonines in the Eastmain River, James Bay.

Field-Testing a Standard Metabolic Rate Estimation Technique for Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Patrick J Ruhl ◽  
Robert N Chapman ◽  
John B. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Rate Estimation

scholarly journals Vulnerability of individual fish to capture by trawling is influenced by capacity for anaerobic metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1813) ◽  
pp. 20150603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Julie J. H. Nati ◽  
Cory D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes ◽  
And Function

The harvest of animals by humans may constitute one of the strongest evolutionary forces affecting wild populations. Vulnerability to harvest varies among individuals within species according to behavioural phenotypes, but we lack fundamental information regarding the physiological mechanisms underlying harvest-induced selection. It is unknown, for example, what physiological traits make some individual fish more susceptible to capture by commercial fisheries. Active fishing methods such as trawling pursue fish during harvest attempts, causing fish to use both aerobic steady-state swimming and anaerobic burst-type swimming to evade capture. Using simulated trawling procedures with schools of wild minnows Phoxinus phoxinus , we investigate two key questions to the study of fisheries-induced evolution that have been impossible to address using large-scale trawls: (i) are some individuals within a fish shoal consistently more susceptible to capture by trawling than others?; and (ii) if so, is this related to individual differences in swimming performance and metabolism? Results provide the first evidence of repeatable variation in susceptibility to trawling that is strongly related to anaerobic capacity and swimming ability. Maximum aerobic swim speed was also negatively correlated with vulnerability to trawling. Standard metabolic rate was highest among fish that were least vulnerable to trawling, but this relationship probably arose through correlations with anaerobic capacity. These results indicate that vulnerability to trawling is linked to anaerobic swimming performance and metabolic demand, drawing parallels with factors influencing susceptibility to natural predators. Selection on these traits by fisheries could induce shifts in the fundamental physiological makeup and function of descendent populations.

Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure of the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
J. M. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Spiny Dogfish ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
General Energy

The metabolic rate of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was determined in both a tunnel respirometer and a large, covered, circular tank (mass respirometer). Swimming performance was very poor in the respirometer, so that a power–performance curve could not be established. Instead, resting metabolic rates were determined, with higher rates induced by causing heavy thrashing (active metabolism). Routine metabolic rates were measured for the spontaneous activity characterizing behavior in the circular tank. For fish of 2 kg mean weight, the metabolic rates at 10 °C were 32.4 ± 2.6 SE (resting), 49.2 ± 5.0 SE (routine), and 88.4 ± 4.6 SE (active) mg O2∙kg−1∙h−1. Assuming that the routine rate represents a general energy expenditure in nature, this is equivalent to metabolizing about 3.8 kcal∙kg−1∙d−1 (15.9 × 103 J∙kg−1∙d−1). Key words: dogfish, metabolic rates, energetics, respiration

scholarly journals Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pilakouta ◽  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Bjarni K. Kristjánsson ◽  
Skúli Skúlason ◽  
Jan Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
In The Wild

Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pinshow ◽  
MA Fedak ◽  
DR Battles ◽  
K Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Emperor Penguins

During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees C. Between 20 and -10 degrees C the metabolic rate (standard metabolic rate (SMR)) remained neraly constant, about 42.9 W. Below -10 degrees C metabolic rate increased lineraly with decreasing ambient temperature and at -47 degrees C it was 70% above the SMR. Mean thermal conductance below -10 degrees C was 1.57 W m-2 degrees C-1. Metabolic rate during treadmill walking increased linearly with increasing speed. Our data suggest that walking 200 km (from the sea to the rookery and back) requires less than 15% of the energy reserves of a breeding male emperor penguin initially weighing 35 kg. The high energy requirement for thermoregulation (about 85%) would, in the absence of huddling, probably exceed the total energy reserves.

Mitochondrial Proton Conductance, Standard Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Depression

2000 ◽  
pp. 413-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. Brand ◽  
Tammie Bishop ◽  
Robert G. Boutilier ◽  
Julie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Proton Conductance
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