Fish use of stage-specific fluvial habitats as refuge patches during a flood in a low-gradient Illinois stream

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1540-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S Schwartz ◽  
Edwin E Herricks
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fish Density ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Habitat Classification ◽  
Point Bars ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The One ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Flow Stage

A stage-specific habitat classification scheme was developed emphasizing the ecological importance of habitat space as flow refugia for fish. Habitat units were based on planform and channel morphology and the resulting three-dimensional hydraulic patterns that form during floods. Fish were sampled in specific habitat patches using prepositioned areal electrofishing devices at two high-flow stages, near bankfull flow and one-half bankfull flow, during a flood. Fish were also sampled at baseflow immediately following the flood to compare changes in habitat use related to flow stage. During the bankfull stage, fish were found to use floodplain habitat units identified as vegetated point bars and concave-bank benches. During the one-half bank-full stage, fish density and biomass were greater in low-velocity habitat units identified as deflection eddies and expansion eddies than in the high-velocity habitat unit identified as the channel thalweg. Once flow returned to baseflow, fish density and biomass were greater in the main channel habitat units (pools, riffles, and glides) than in lateral habitat units identified as submerged point bars and lateral backwaters. This study provided a framework to quantify flow refugia in low-gradient streams, which is especially important in the restoration of anthropogenically disturbed watersheds that have lost habitat connectivity.

scholarly journals Two and Three-Dimensional Fluid Transients

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Streeter ◽  
E. B. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Transient Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Irregular Boundary ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Fluid Transients ◽  
The One ◽  
Irregular Boundary Conditions ◽  
The Continuum

The paper presents an approach for the analysis of low-velocity two and three-dimensional transient fluid-flow problems. The method assumes the continuum can be represented by a latticework of piping elements and that motion in the continuum can be described by solving the one-dimensional transient flow equations in the piping elements. The approach offers the advantage of being able to handle unusual and irregular boundary conditions, fixed or moveable, but restricted to the limitation of low Mach number. Undesirable grid characteristics are identified and comparisons with known hydrodynamic solutions are presented.

Multidimensional Fluid Transients by Latticework

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Wylie ◽  
V. L. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Transient Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Fluid Transients ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
The One ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
The Continuum

An evaluation of a discretized method of analysis for low-velocity two and three-dimensional transient fluid-flow problems is presented. The method assumes the continuum can be represented by a latticework of flow elements and that the physical response in the continuum can be determined by solving the one-dimensional transient flow equations in the line elements. The approach is explained, and validated by presenting comparisons between numerical and analytical hydrodynamic solutions.

Linearized Two-Dimensional Fluid Transients

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Fluid Transients ◽  
Explicit Procedure ◽  
The One

A numerical analysis of low-velocity two-dimensional transient fluid flow problems is presented. The method is similar in concept to the one-dimensional method of characteristics, but does not follow the traditional characteristics theory for two spatial dimensions. Distinct paths are defined in the three-dimensional space-time domain along which compatibility equations are integrated. The explicit procedure is explained, and validated by comparisons with analytical solutions.

Diffraction contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
K. Urban ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
M. Wollgarten ◽  
D. Gratias
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Extinction Condition ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Geometry ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals ◽  
The One

Recently dislocations have been observed by electron microscopy in the icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQ) phase of Al65Cu20Fe15. These dislocations exhibit diffraction contrast similar to that known for dislocations in conventional crystals. The contrast becomes extinct for certain diffraction vectors g. In the following the basis of electron diffraction contrast of dislocations in the IQ phase is described. Taking account of the six-dimensional nature of the Burgers vector a “strong” and a “weak” extinction condition are found.Dislocations in quasicrystals canot be described on the basis of simple shear or insertion of a lattice plane only. In order to achieve a complete characterization of these dislocations it is advantageous to make use of the one to one correspondence of the lattice geometry in our three-dimensional space (R3) and that in the six-dimensional reference space (R6) where full periodicity is recovered . Therefore the contrast extinction condition has to be written as gpbp + gobo = 0 (1). The diffraction vector g and the Burgers vector b decompose into two vectors gp, bp and go, bo in, respectively, the physical and the orthogonal three-dimensional sub-spaces of R6.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

scholarly journals Acoustic Cell Patterning in Hydrogel for Three-Dimensional Cell Network Formation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kyo-in Koo ◽  
Andreas Lenshof ◽  
Le Thi Huong ◽  
Thomas Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In the field of engineered organ and drug development, three-dimensional network-structured tissue has been a long-sought goal. This paper presents a direct hydrogel extrusion process exposed to an ultrasound standing wave that aligns fibroblast cells to form a network structure. The frequency-shifted (2 MHz to 4 MHz) ultrasound actuation of a 400-micrometer square-shaped glass capillary that was continuously perfused by fibroblast cells suspended in sodium alginate generated a hydrogel string, with the fibroblasts aligned in single or quadruple streams. In the transition from the one-cell stream to the four-cell streams, the aligned fibroblast cells were continuously interconnected in the form of a branch and a junction. The ultrasound-exposed fibroblast cells displayed over 95% viability up to day 10 in culture medium without any significant difference from the unexposed fibroblast cells. This acoustofluidic method will be further applied to create a vascularized network by replacing fibroblast cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Finite Element Analyses on Low-velocity Impact Responses of Three-dimensional Braided Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Li ◽  
Zheng-qiang Lyu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Ya-lan Wang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Responses

scholarly journals Heritage Artefacts in the COVID-19 Era: The Aura and Authenticity of 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-539
Author(s):  
Thiago Minete Cardozo ◽  
Costas Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract Museums have been increasingly investing in their digital presence. This became more pressing during the COVID-19 pandemic since heritage institutions had, on the one hand, to temporarily close their doors to visitors while, on the other, find ways to communicate their collections to the public. Virtual tours, revamped websites, and 3D models of cultural artefacts were only a few of the means that museums devised to create alternative ways of digital engagement and counteract the physical and social distancing measures. Although 3D models and collections provide novel ways to interact, visualise, and comprehend the materiality and sensoriality of physical objects, their mediation in digital forms misses essential elements that contribute to (virtual) visitor/user experience. This article explores three-dimensional digitisations of museum artefacts, particularly problematising their aura and authenticity in comparison to their physical counterparts. Building on several studies that have problematised these two concepts, this article establishes an exploratory framework aimed at evaluating the experience of aura and authenticity in 3D digitisations. This exploration allowed us to conclude that even though some aspects of aura and authenticity are intrinsically related to the physicality and materiality of the original, 3D models can still manifest aura and authenticity, as long as a series of parameters, including multimodal contextualisation, interactivity, and affective experiences are facilitated.

scholarly journals Geomorphological Geometries and High-Resolution Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy of Malay Basin’s Fluvial Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5156
Author(s):  
Abd Al-Salam Al-Masgari ◽  
Mohamed Elsaadany ◽  
Numair A. Siddiqui ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff ◽  
Azli Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Sequences ◽  
Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Point Bars

This study identified the Pleistocene depositional succession of the group (A) (marine, estuarine, and fluvial depositional systems) of the Melor and Inas fields in the central Malay Basin from the seafloor to approximately −507 ms (522 m). During the last few years, hydrocarbon exploration in Malay Basin has moved to focus on stratigraphic traps, specifically those that existed with channel sands. These traps motivate carrying out this research to image and locate these kinds of traps. It can be difficult to determine if closely spaced-out channels and channel belts exist within several seismic sequences in map-view with proper seismic sequence geomorphic elements and stratigraphic surfaces seismic cross lines, or probably reinforce the auto-cyclic aggregational stacking of the avulsing rivers precisely. This analysis overcomes this challenge by combining well-log with three-dimensional (3D) seismic data to resolve the deposition stratigraphic discontinuities’ considerable resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic sections with several wells were utilized. A high-resolution seismic sequence stratigraphy framework of three main seismic sequences (3rd order), four Parasequences sets (4th order), and seven Parasequences (5th order) have been established. The time slice images at consecutive two-way times display single meandering channels ranging in width from 170 to 900 m. Moreover, other geomorphological elements have been perfectly imaged, elements such as interfluves, incised valleys, chute cutoff, point bars, and extinction surfaces, providing proof of rapid growth and transformation of deposits. The high-resolution 2D sections with Cosine of Phase seismic attributes have facilitated identifying the reflection terminations against the stratigraphic amplitude. Several continuous and discontinuous channels, fluvial point bars, and marine sediments through the sequence stratigraphic framework have been addressed. The whole series reveals that almost all fluvial systems lay in the valleys at each depositional sequence’s bottom bars. The degradational stacking patterns are characterized by the fluvial channels with no evidence of fluvial aggradation. Moreover, the aggradation stage is restricted to marine sedimentation incursions. The 3D description of these deposits permits distinguishing seismic facies of the abandoned mud channel and the sand point bar deposits. The continuous meandering channel, which is filled by muddy deposits, may function as horizontal muddy barriers or baffles that might isolate the reservoir body into separate storage containers. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th orders of the seismic sequences were established for the studied succession. The essential geomorphological elements have been imaged utilizing several seismic attributes.

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