Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen A. Sherwood ◽  
Evan N. Edinger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Primnoa Resedaeformis ◽  
Paragorgia Arborea ◽  
Deep Sea Corals ◽  
Axial Growth

Using bomb-14C dating and growth ring counting methods, we calculate life spans and growth rates of six species of deep-sea corals collected at depths of between 400 and 900 m from the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador. Bamboo corals ( Acanella arbuscula , Keratoisis ornata ) and antipatharians ( Stauropathes arctica ) secrete concentric growth rings in their axial skeletons, which were proven to form annually for K. ornata and S. arctica. These species had the lowest radial growth rates of 33 ± 11 to 75 ± 11 μm·year–1. Primnoa resedaeformis and Paramuricea spp. had higher radial growth rates of 83 ± 6 to 215 ± 37 μm·year–1. Paragorgia arborea had the highest radial growth rate of 830 ± 120 μm·year–1. Axial growth rates ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Paramuricea spp. to 2.61 ± 0.45 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Primnoa resedaeformis . Life spans ranged from 18 ± 4 years for a live-collected P. resedaeformis to 200 ± 30 years for a subfossil specimen of K. ornata. Because all of the corals were from heavily fished areas, it is likely that age distributions are biased towards smaller and younger colonies. Recovery of deep-sea corals from fishing-induced damage will take decades to centuries.

scholarly journals Sources of Carbon to Deep-Sea Corals

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Griffin ◽  
Ellen R M Druffel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Deep Sea Corals

Radiocarbon measurements in deep-sea corals from the Little Bahama Bank were used to determine the source of carbon to the skeletal matrices. Specimens of Lophelia, Gerardia, Paragorgia johnsoni and Corallium noibe were sectioned according to visible growth rings and/or stem diameter. We determined that the source of carbon to the corals accreting organic matter was primarily from surface-derived sources. Those corals that accrete a calcerous skeleton were found to obtain their carbon solely from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sea water from the depth at which the corals grew. These results, in conjunction with growth-rate studies using short-lived radioisotopes, support the use of deep-sea corals to reconstruct time histories of transient and non-transient tracers at depth in the oceans.

scholarly journals Growth rates and ages of deep-sea corals impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 196-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Prouty ◽  
Charles R. Fisher ◽  
Amanda W.J. Demopoulos ◽  
Ellen R.M. Druffel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Deep Sea Corals

Sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta var. latifolia

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2004-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Yang ◽  
H.G. Murchison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Radial Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Individual Trees

The vertical variation in the number of sapwood growth rings and sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. was studied in relation to aspect, tree age, bole diameter, sapwood radial growth rate, and whole-xylem radial growth rate. Samples from 19 trees growing on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains near Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, formed the data base. Sapwood width for individual trees ranged from 20 to 26 mm for both the east and west aspects, and was constant at various heights of the tree bole. Sapwood width for this species was found to be independent of age, diameter, sapwood radial growth rate, and whole-xylem radial growth rate. Sapwood consisted of 25 to 50 growth rings and decreased from the ground level upward to the tree crown. The number of sapwood growth rings was strongly correlated with age, diameter, and radial growth rates for both sapwood and the whole tree. No significant correlation existed between sapwood width and sapwood growth-ring counts.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) IN A COASTAL MIXED STAND IN KAPISUYU, BARTIN, TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Halil Barış Özel ◽  
Barbaros Yaman ◽  
Tuğrul Varol
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Black Sea Region

Scots pine is geographically the most widespread pine species in the world, and it shows different growth responses to climate and environmental factors in diverse ecological sites. We studied both the stand dynamics and climate-growth relationships of Scots pine in isolated coastal stand (recently found) in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The homogeneity index of this stand has varied between 1.92-3.56. In growth-ring analyses, after cross-dating of individual chronologies, COFECHA and ARSTAN software were used respectively for chronology quality control and standardization (detrend). In this way, a 58-year-long chronology (1959-2016) of Scots pine was constructed. In addition, DENDROCLIM software was used for investigating Scots pine’s radial growth-climate relationships. Mean sensitivity changed from 0.163 to 0.331, with a mean of 0.183. Mean correlation among trees and signal to noise ratio were 0.389 and 7.012 respectively. In terms of the effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Scots pine in this site, the correlation coefficients were 0.43 (p<0.05) for December of the previous year and 0.41 (p<0.05) for July of the current year. For all the other months, precipitation had a non-significant effect. As for the maximum and mean air temperature, the correlation coefficients were 0.36 (p<0.05) and 0.40 (p<0.05) for February, and 0.40 (p<0.05) and 0.42 (p<0.05) for March, respectively. However, on the radial growth, while the maximum temperature in August had a negative effect (r= -0.26; p<0.05), minimum temperatures in February, March and July had a positive effect (r= 0.39, 0.40 and 0.34 respectively; p<0.05). It means while higher rains in July and higher temperatures in the late winter-early spring have caused the wider growth rings, the narrower growth rings have been formed in the years with higher maximum temperatures in August in the isolated coastal site of Scots pine.

Growth Rings in Agathis robusta and Araucaria cunninghamii From Tropical Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ash
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Araucaria Cunninghamii ◽  
Slow Growing

Agathis robusta and Araucaria cunninghamii trees growing in a seasonal tropical climate in north Queensland produce late wood during cooler and drier periods. Vascular cambium growth rates fluctuate, and slow-growing trees may temporarily have inactive cambium around parts of the trunk so no growth ring is formed. Radiocarbon dates on old Agathis trees indicate that the frequency of ring formation is less than annual.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon evidence for annual growth rings in the deep-sea octocoral Primnoa resedaeformis

2005 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
OA Sherwood ◽  
DB Scott ◽  
MJ Risk ◽  
TP Guilderson
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Primnoa Resedaeformis ◽  
Annual Growth Rings

Tumor Wood Anatomy in Korean Red Pine (Pinus Densiflora)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Geun Eom ◽  
Youn Jib Chung
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Hypha ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Korean Red Pine ◽  
Resin Canals

The anatomy of tumor wood and normal wood in a branch of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) is compared. In tumor wood the tracheids and rays are irregularly arranged, the cell lumina contain resinous substances and fungal hypha, the tracheid files are of variable width within the growth ring, and traumatic vertical resin canals are present. There are also differences in length of tracheids, numbers of vertical and horizontal resin canals (fusiform rays), height of fusiform rays, and number and height of uniseriate rays. The modified structure of the tumor wood originates near the pith. The wider growth rings, considerably shorter but not wider tracheids, and larger and more numerous rays in tumor wood are associated with a higher radial growth rate, which in turn results in the externally massive wood tumor.

Constraints on dendrochronological dating of Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen ( Short communication )

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Buchwal
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Salix Polaris ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Root Axis

Application of tundra shrubs in dendrochronological studies is recently increasing. However their growth rings are characterized by high irregularity which cause a com-mon tree-ring dating problems. The goal of the study is to demonstrate a dendro-chronological potential of common tundra species Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen (Ebbadalen, Petuniabukta) while (i) presenting its radial growth pattern and irregularities and (ii) discussing on its example a common problems of Arctic shrubs radial growth cross-dating. The results revealed that in average 25% of growth ring measured per single shrub was irregular and therefore might be problematic to detect and cross-date. It was found that even on a short distance (i.e., along a main root axis) cambial activity is not equal and missing and partially missing rings occurred alternately in a longitudinal profile. Common growth irregularities, such as missing and wedging rings, must be taken into account while measuring and cross-dating such a difficult dendrochrono-logical woody material as shown on the example of a Salix polaris dwarf shrub. The study revealed a high importance of serial sectioning and intra-plant cross-dating in dendrochronological studies of tundra shrubs.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon-based ages and growth rates of Hawaiian deep-sea corals

2006 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
EB Roark ◽  
TP Guilderson ◽  
RB Dunbar ◽  
BL Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deep Sea Corals
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