Constraints on dendrochronological dating of Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen ( Short communication )

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Buchwal
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Salix Polaris ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Root Axis

Application of tundra shrubs in dendrochronological studies is recently increasing. However their growth rings are characterized by high irregularity which cause a com-mon tree-ring dating problems. The goal of the study is to demonstrate a dendro-chronological potential of common tundra species Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen (Ebbadalen, Petuniabukta) while (i) presenting its radial growth pattern and irregularities and (ii) discussing on its example a common problems of Arctic shrubs radial growth cross-dating. The results revealed that in average 25% of growth ring measured per single shrub was irregular and therefore might be problematic to detect and cross-date. It was found that even on a short distance (i.e., along a main root axis) cambial activity is not equal and missing and partially missing rings occurred alternately in a longitudinal profile. Common growth irregularities, such as missing and wedging rings, must be taken into account while measuring and cross-dating such a difficult dendrochrono-logical woody material as shown on the example of a Salix polaris dwarf shrub. The study revealed a high importance of serial sectioning and intra-plant cross-dating in dendrochronological studies of tundra shrubs.

scholarly journals TREE RING ANALYSIS OF BRACHYSTEGIA SPICIFORMIS AND ISOBERLINIA TOMENTOSA: EVALUATION OF THE ENSO-SIGNAL IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF EASTERN AFRICA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Trouet ◽  
Kristof Haneca ◽  
Pol Coppin ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis

The value of growth rings as proxy data for climate reconstruction was studied in two miombo woodland species in eastern Africa. Growth rings, marked by terminal parenchyma, were visually detectable on carefully prepared stem discs of Isoberlinia tomentosa and Brachystegia spiciformis, dominant species of the miombo woodland in north-western Tanzania. However, the presence of multiple growth ring anomalies rendered cross-dating of the growth ring series between trees difficult. Cross-dating succeeded for eight out of thirteen samples for Isoberlinia tomentosa, but was unsuccessful for Brachystegia spiciformis. A mean series of 38 years was calculated for Isoberlinia tomentosa only. Monthly precipitation, monthly maximum air temperature and monthly SOI-value (Southern Oscillation Index) correlated significantly with tree ring widths of the mean series. These correlations are strong indicators of the annual character of the growth rings. They also suggest that Isoberlinia tomentosa provides an appropriate paleoclimatic record for dendroclimatic reconstruction.

Sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta var. latifolia

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2004-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Yang ◽  
H.G. Murchison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Radial Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Individual Trees

The vertical variation in the number of sapwood growth rings and sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. was studied in relation to aspect, tree age, bole diameter, sapwood radial growth rate, and whole-xylem radial growth rate. Samples from 19 trees growing on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains near Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, formed the data base. Sapwood width for individual trees ranged from 20 to 26 mm for both the east and west aspects, and was constant at various heights of the tree bole. Sapwood width for this species was found to be independent of age, diameter, sapwood radial growth rate, and whole-xylem radial growth rate. Sapwood consisted of 25 to 50 growth rings and decreased from the ground level upward to the tree crown. The number of sapwood growth rings was strongly correlated with age, diameter, and radial growth rates for both sapwood and the whole tree. No significant correlation existed between sapwood width and sapwood growth-ring counts.

Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen A. Sherwood ◽  
Evan N. Edinger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Primnoa Resedaeformis ◽  
Paragorgia Arborea ◽  
Deep Sea Corals ◽  
Axial Growth

Using bomb-14C dating and growth ring counting methods, we calculate life spans and growth rates of six species of deep-sea corals collected at depths of between 400 and 900 m from the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador. Bamboo corals ( Acanella arbuscula , Keratoisis ornata ) and antipatharians ( Stauropathes arctica ) secrete concentric growth rings in their axial skeletons, which were proven to form annually for K. ornata and S. arctica. These species had the lowest radial growth rates of 33 ± 11 to 75 ± 11 μm·year–1. Primnoa resedaeformis and Paramuricea spp. had higher radial growth rates of 83 ± 6 to 215 ± 37 μm·year–1. Paragorgia arborea had the highest radial growth rate of 830 ± 120 μm·year–1. Axial growth rates ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Paramuricea spp. to 2.61 ± 0.45 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Primnoa resedaeformis . Life spans ranged from 18 ± 4 years for a live-collected P. resedaeformis to 200 ± 30 years for a subfossil specimen of K. ornata. Because all of the corals were from heavily fished areas, it is likely that age distributions are biased towards smaller and younger colonies. Recovery of deep-sea corals from fishing-induced damage will take decades to centuries.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) IN A COASTAL MIXED STAND IN KAPISUYU, BARTIN, TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Halil Barış Özel ◽  
Barbaros Yaman ◽  
Tuğrul Varol
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Black Sea Region

Scots pine is geographically the most widespread pine species in the world, and it shows different growth responses to climate and environmental factors in diverse ecological sites. We studied both the stand dynamics and climate-growth relationships of Scots pine in isolated coastal stand (recently found) in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The homogeneity index of this stand has varied between 1.92-3.56. In growth-ring analyses, after cross-dating of individual chronologies, COFECHA and ARSTAN software were used respectively for chronology quality control and standardization (detrend). In this way, a 58-year-long chronology (1959-2016) of Scots pine was constructed. In addition, DENDROCLIM software was used for investigating Scots pine’s radial growth-climate relationships. Mean sensitivity changed from 0.163 to 0.331, with a mean of 0.183. Mean correlation among trees and signal to noise ratio were 0.389 and 7.012 respectively. In terms of the effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Scots pine in this site, the correlation coefficients were 0.43 (p<0.05) for December of the previous year and 0.41 (p<0.05) for July of the current year. For all the other months, precipitation had a non-significant effect. As for the maximum and mean air temperature, the correlation coefficients were 0.36 (p<0.05) and 0.40 (p<0.05) for February, and 0.40 (p<0.05) and 0.42 (p<0.05) for March, respectively. However, on the radial growth, while the maximum temperature in August had a negative effect (r= -0.26; p<0.05), minimum temperatures in February, March and July had a positive effect (r= 0.39, 0.40 and 0.34 respectively; p<0.05). It means while higher rains in July and higher temperatures in the late winter-early spring have caused the wider growth rings, the narrower growth rings have been formed in the years with higher maximum temperatures in August in the isolated coastal site of Scots pine.

Dendrochronological Studies on Prosopis Flexuosa DC.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Villalba ◽  
J. A. Boninsegna
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Prosopis Flexuosa

Wood structure and seasonal variation of the cambial activity were investigated in Prosopis flexuosa DC. in order to enable the use of this species in dendrochronological and ecological studies requiring exact age determination. Cambial activity was determined by counting the number of undifferentiated cells in each radial file. Change in vessel diameter and a terminal parenchyma band, containing rhombic crystals, mark the annual growth layer. Even though the growth rings are not always clearly demarcated, one growth ring is generally formed each year. Prosopis flexuosa has an annual rhythm of wood production which coincides with the climatic rhythm. It is possible to cross-date disk samples of Prosopis species, and a first chronology has been established. Relationships between xylem production, phenology and climatic factors are discussed.

Tumor Wood Anatomy in Korean Red Pine (Pinus Densiflora)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Geun Eom ◽  
Youn Jib Chung
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Hypha ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Korean Red Pine ◽  
Resin Canals

The anatomy of tumor wood and normal wood in a branch of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) is compared. In tumor wood the tracheids and rays are irregularly arranged, the cell lumina contain resinous substances and fungal hypha, the tracheid files are of variable width within the growth ring, and traumatic vertical resin canals are present. There are also differences in length of tracheids, numbers of vertical and horizontal resin canals (fusiform rays), height of fusiform rays, and number and height of uniseriate rays. The modified structure of the tumor wood originates near the pith. The wider growth rings, considerably shorter but not wider tracheids, and larger and more numerous rays in tumor wood are associated with a higher radial growth rate, which in turn results in the externally massive wood tumor.

Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
C. A. Benson ◽  
J. K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

THE SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH RINGS IN JACK PINE IN RELATION TO DEFOLIATION BY THE SWAINE JACK-PINE SAWFLY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Dense Stand

An investigation of the radial growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) defoliated by the Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion swainei Midd.) disclosed that growth rings were discontinuous and missing in cross-sectional disks from severely damaged trees. In young and open-grown trees with dead tops, the incidence of such deficiencies in radial growth was especially high in disks from upper regions of the stems, in the vicinity of the dead tops; radial growth was suspended for 1 year and subsequently resumed in disks from the lower regions of some stems. Cambial inactivity was more generalized in trees from an old and dense stand and it was detected in disks representing major portions of some of the stems sampled; the death of some trees followed 2 to 6 years of cambial inactivity in disks cut at various heights along their entire stems. Growth deficiencies in the young stand were clearly effects of severe sawfly defoliation. Data from the old, dense stand indicated that sawfly defoliation had perhaps merely hastened the gradual deterioration of the stand in which intertree competition was intense.

scholarly journals Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Alejandro Casteller ◽  
Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽  
Veronika Stöckli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document